In a world that is full of different kinds of colors, red quite stands out. In China, people call this color China Red,     1     has become a quite popular expression     2     (catch) the world’s attention.

This expression fully shows Chinese people’s special love for red. So why are the Chinese really fond of it? One reason     3     (lie) in the color’s rich meaning in Chinese history and     4     (tradition) culture. In ancient China, red     5     (regard) as a symbol of health, energy, happiness, hope and so on. Now red things can be     6     (common) found across the nation, for example red lanterns. People can find red lanterns across China, especially during     7     (festival) and holidays. During the Spring Festival, people will see red lanterns hanging on     8     front gates of houses and stores, trees, etc. Besides red lanterns, things     9     Spring Festival couplets (对联) and invitations are also often red.

In a word, red is popular in China and it’s more than just a color. It carries the rich culture of this nation. And you’re welcome     10     (feel) and discover it in China.

Mary-Jo Saunders goes to kindergarten every morning, just like many other five-year-olds in New York. Today, she is learning     1     poem. What is special is that it is a Chinese poem and     2     she is able to recite it     3     an accent. Soon she is going to learn Chinese handwriting too. “    4     (learn) the world’s most spoken language might give Mary-Jo a head start in her future career,” says her mother Alison.“I think it’s good for her to stretch     5     (her) by listening to and pronouncing new sounds, as well as learning to read and     6     (write) Chinese characters.”

More and more     7     (ambition) parents in the world are signing their children up for Chinese classes. Keen for their sons and daughters     8     (succeed) in life,they see being fluent in a second or third language as an advantage. Learning Chinese is becoming so popular that so far the language     9    (include) in the educational systems of more than 75 countries. Over 4,000 overseas universities offer Chinese language courses and now about 25 million people     10     (study) Chinese outside China.

The Yin-yang diagram is an illustration of t’ai chi. Yin and yang are not     1     (complete) opposite, one of which can turn into the other. Chinese people boil down the laws of the universe, nature and the human body to this:Yin and yang are in a circle; man and nature exist in unity.     2     (base) on such philosophical ideas,     3     (tradition) knowledge and sports practice about physical and mental cultivation have been formed and passed down from generation     4     generation. Thus t’ai chi ch’uan came into being.

Chinese people believe that movement is contained in stillness and fastness is contained in slowness. T’ai chi ch’uan     5     (contain) these two kinds of energy. Do you think the most important characteristic of t’ai chi ch’uan is     6     (soft)? No. The fighting principle of it is to mobilize the internal energy flow of the human body,     7     has both speed and explosive power.

The greatest uses of t’ai chi ch’uan are for people     8     (experience) life, the true principles of movement and stillness in nature, and to maintain harmony with nature in mind and body. So far, it     9     (prove) by medical research that t’ai chi ch’uan is     10     ideal therapy against a number of chronic diseases. It can not only promote physical health, but also help ease your mind and delight your spirits.

5 . In the film Inside Out, 11-year-old Riley’s emotions are personified as brightly colored internal figures that drive her behaviors. The same five emotions—anger, fear, disgust (憎恶), sadness, and joy—appear in every other character’s head as well, functioning in much the same way in each individual. In Western cultures, this is the case, argues psychologist Batja Mesquita in Between Us. Emotions in such contexts, she writes, are considered “MINE,” or “Mental, INside the person, and Essentialist,” the latter defined in the book as always having the same properties.

This conception of emotion is not universal, however. Emotions elsewhere, she argues, are thought of as “OURS”—“OUtside   the   person,   Relational,   and   Situated.”   Using   this   distinction,   Mesquita   sets   about contrasting emotions in “the West,” where the individual is the top concern, with “the Rest,” where community is prioritized.

Mesquita describes amae as a central emotion in Japanese culture, where it builds interdependence by encouraging tolerance in parenting process. She describes hasham—which includes shame, embarrassment, and   social   respectability—as   a   fundamental   emotion   for   Egyptian Bedouins   (游牧人).   Such   observations provide a background for her to explore a range of issues, including childhood socialization, the nature of friendship, the role of language in shaping emotions, and cross-cultural communication in a globalized world.

Despite   Mesquita’s   emphasis   on   cross-cultural   emotions,   there   is   little   discussion   of whether   the MINE-OURS dichotomy (二分法) accurately explains global cultural variation. Other scholars have noted, for example, that hunter-gatherer societies at the same time emphasize both individual self-government and social cooperation. And in an apparent contradiction to her earlier arguments, Mesquita herself ultimately concludes that Westerners have OURS emotions.

Taken as a whole, however, the book contributes much to the discussion of the origins of emotions, presenting a remarkable collection of cross-cultural studies intermixed with personal stories about foreign residents’ struggles to reunite   diverse   emotional   and   social worlds.   In   chapter   8,   for   example,   Mesquita describes   an   incident   where   she—a   Dutch   native   living   in   the   United   States—bumped   into   the   famous American   psychologist   Hazel   Markus   at   a   conference   Markus   helped   organize.   Wishing   to   express understanding of Markus’s workload, Mesquita declared “You look a little tired.” The remark appeared to make Markus nervous and confused but was intended as an expression of sympathy—to sympathize in Dutch is to acknowledge suffering, not offer comfort as in the US.

The book’s take-home message is fundamental: There are no natural emotions, no inborn emotions, no universal emotions. Mesquita argues that emotions are “meaning making” and “a preparation for action” and that the idea of “emotions as inner states” is a Western construct. Instead, she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment.

Chicken-blood stone     1    (be) one of China’s most valuable materials and has been used for centuries to create carved works with red markings. With its bright blood-red color, bright crystal-like jade (玉) texture quality and shape, chicken-blood stones are celebrated around     2     world. The artistic value of Changhua chicken-blood stone lies in its adaptability, which can     3     (process) into decorations (装饰品) of different sizes and forms.

    4     (recent) Crafts man Qian Gaochao and his son spent more than six months     5     (make) three “chicken-blood” stone carvings showing the competitions of the 19th Asian Games HangZhou 2022, such as taekwondo and wrestling. As a     6     (nation) inheritor (继承人) of the intangible (非物质) cultural heritage of the chicken-blood stone carving skills, Qian Gaochao says, “I’m not only doing carving work but also recording the     7     (develop) and changes of our society and remembering the era through my carvings. Besides, we often hold research activities and provide training courses     8     that more young students can understand and learn Chinese traditional culture.” So far, he has created many fine works, most of     9     are related to important events in Chinese history and famous people who have made great contributions     10    the country.

With a world reputation of beautiful silk producing nation, Chinese clothing enjoys a time-honored culture. China was the first country in the world     1     (develop) silk weaving (编织). According to archaeologists, Chinese people     2     (start) weaving since Neolithic ages. 3,000 years ago, silk weaving was already significantly developed.

In ancient China, people’s rank and social status could easily be figured out from their daily dressing, especially for the ordinary people and the upper class. Among the upper class, only the Emperor     3     (assign) the colour yellow. As for the ministers, generals and their     4     (wife), their uniforms were also restrictively regulated.

Chinese clothing has many types and suits according to     5     (variety) occasions. We have traditional Zhongshan suit, Cheongsam (旗袍) and many other suits     6     (create) by ethnic minorities (少数民族). Each type of the clothes has a unique way of making and sewing.

Cheongsam is popular because it has simple lines and looks elegant,     7     it fits Chinese females’ figures well. It is suitable     8     both young and elderly group. And it can either belong or short. Cheongsam is recognized around the world,     9     has inspired many foreign adaptations. It is     10     (popular) worn in China as the wedding dress, traditionally in red.

Chinese silk is well known all over the world. It is considered as     1     symbol of the origin of civilization. According to legend, a teenage girl in China,     2     saw metamorphosis (蜕变) of a special kind of caterpillars (毛毛虫), did something even more     3     (amaze) — she invented silk! She is Ancest or Lei.

One day, she noticed quite a few caterpillars taking small     4     (bite) of the leaves. A few of them had formed translucent cocoons (半透明的茧) around     5     (they). One by one the cocoons grew thicker so Lei couldn’t see through them. They were like eggshells, but smaller and even     6     (strong). She kept wondering     7     was going on inside. Lei started to open them and they turned into bundles of threads. Lei knew that the threads in spider (蜘蛛) webs were strong, but she wondered if the threads from these cocoons were strong enough     8     (make) into cloth. After testing, her doubt was removed.

Later, Lei concentrated     9     figuring out how to make cloth from the cocoon threads. Eventually, Lei invented silk, and the caterpillars     10     (call) silkworms since then.