1 . 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。

World Soil Day     1     (hold) every year on 5 December as a means to focus attention on the importance of soil health and to advocate for the sustainable management of soil resources. The UN General Assembly declared     2     first World Soil Day in 2014.

As we all know, the     3     (result) of climate change are increasingly unpredictable. Knowing the land, therefore, becomes essential in order to prevent damage     4     can do harm to soil health.

World Soil Day 2022 and its campaign, “Soils: Where food begins”, aims     5     (raise) awareness of the importance of maintaining ecosystems and human well-being by     6     (address) the growing challenges in soil management, increasing soil awareness and encouraging societies to improve soil health.

Soil nutrient loss is a major soil degradation (退化) process threatening nutrition.     7     is recognized as being among the most critical problems at a global level for food security and sustainability all around the globe. Agricultural production will have to increase by 60% to meet the global food demand in 2050     8     up to 58% more food could be produced through sustainable soil management.

Our lives depend     9     soils-the mix of mineral and organic matter combined with air, water, and microbes. Without     10     (health) soils, every living creature on Earth is at risk.

2 . As temperatures soar, electric bills often go through the roof. That’s because people tend to turn on their air conditioners during the long, hot summer months.

It’s been predicted that by 2050 about 75 percent of the world’s homes could have air conditioners. If that’s true, the energy required to cool buildings will double. For that reason, researchers continue to look for solutions to keep air-conditioner usage to a minimum. Some innovations are being used already or are in the process of being developed. Certain building materials can feel cooler because of their ability to absorb heat and release it slowly. Other buildings use water cooling systems to cool them. However, these aren’t the only methods. Science has a few more tricks up its sleeve.

Researchers at Purdue University have developed the world’s whitest paint. This paint can keep a building’s exterior surface cooler than the surrounding temperature. On hot days, walls absorb heat and often become 10 to 20 degrees Celsius hotter than the air around them. But walls painted with Purdue’s white paint reflect 98.1 percent of the heat and send it back into space. This creates a cooling effect.

Purdue professor Xiulin Ruan believes that the super-white paint could have a more powerful cooling effect than many home air conditioners. Researchers hope to have the paint on the market in five to 10 years.

Yi Zheng of Northeastern University has created a “cooling paper”. This material reflects the sun’s rays while pulling heat out of a building’s interior, and the paper can be recycled. He and his team discovered that the paper helps bring down a room’s temperature by about 6 degrees Celsius. Zheng hopes that the cooling paper will someday be used on roofs and within building materials.

Now and in the future, perhaps some of these energy-efficient methods will make it easier to beat the heat.

1. Why does the author mention the air conditioners at the beginning of the passage?

A．To describe a fact.	B．To support an idea.
C．To provide examples.	D．To introduce the topic.

2. What do we know about Purdue’s white paint?

A．It has been on the market.

B．It is the world’s coolest paint.

C．Walls painted with it reflect most of the heat.

D．It can keep the whole building’s surface cooler.

3. What can we infer according to Yi Zheng?

A．The surface of a buildings is better covered with paper.

B．Buildings will be built mostly with cooling paper someday.

C．The cooling paper will be practical and eco-friendly building materials.

D．The cooling paper can bring down a room’s temperature more than air conditioners.

4. Which of the following would be the best title?

A．Purdue’s White Paint: A New Material to Cool Buildings

B．Cool Buildings: Innovative Ways to Keep Buildings Cool

C．Cool Building Materials: Solutions to Fight against Climate Change

D．Future Air Conditioners: New Energy-efficient Methods to Beat the Heat

3 . Popcorm Park Zoo is not like most zoos. It is a very special place.

This unusual place was not originally a zoo. At first it was called the Forked River Animal Care Center. The workers there looked after lost or unwanted cats and dogs. Today the center is part of the zoo, but now many other kinds of animals are helped there, too.

The changes to the center began in 1977 when a raccoon(浣熊)needed help. One of its front paws(爪子)had been badly hurt. The workers cared for the animal. Finally it was better, but it could not care for itself. The raccoon was allowed to live there. Then a hurt deer was brought there for help. It, too, stayed there after it got well.

Once people heard about the wonderful work being done at the center, they began taking all kinds of hurt or homeless animals there. Soon it was no longer just a home for cats and dogs. So many animals were living there that it became more like a zoo.

Popcorn Park Zoo got its funny name because many of the animals there like to eat popcorn made without oil or salt. The popcorn is sold there to help make money to care for the animals. People buy the popcorn to feed the animals as a treat.

Popcorn Park Zoo now looks after more than 200 kinds of animals. Many of them live freely there. Some of the gentler ones, such as goats, sheep, geese, and deer, walk among the visitors who come to see them. Others are kept in large closed-in areas almost like their natural homes. All the animals there get care and love.

1. Before 1977, the center was a home for          .

A．lost or unwanted cats and dogs

B．hurt or homeless raccoons and goats

C．lost or unwanted deer and sheep

D．hurt or homeless raccoons and geese

2. How did the workers in the center help the raccoon?

A．They changed its front paws.

B．They cured it and let it live there.

C．They sent it back to its home.

D．They built another home just for it.

3. The popcom is sold in Popcom Park Zoo to           .

A．treat the visitors	B．reward the workers
C．trick the animals	D．raise money

4. What can we learn about animals in the zoo from the last paragraph?

A．They all live in closed-in areas.

B．Some of them can walk out of the zoo freely.

C．All of them are taken good care of.

D．Some of them have already returned to nature.

4 . “A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.

Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study.

Focusing particularly on tomatoes, wheat and corn, the plants were placed in a soundproof(隔音的)room and recorded by microphones. Some plants were starved of water, others cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, suecessfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants.

On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, while the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing. “The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these creatures use this information to choose which plants to eat.

A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agriculural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them.

1. What can we know from the six-year experiment?

A．Plants of different types make the sound of the same frequeney.

B．Plants produce more regular sound in certain stressful situations.

C．Plants make sounds with a much lower frequency when stressed.

D．Plants make the sound of the same frequeney whatever the situation.

2. What is the algorithm used for in the research?

A．To record the sounds.	B．To control the sounds.
C．To produce the sounds.	D．To identify the sounds.

3. What has been proven by scientists according to the passage?

A．Plants can hear each other’s cry for help.

B．Animals can hear the sounds made by plants.

C．Plants can make sounds and respond to sound waves.

D．Animals decide what to eat based on the sounds plants make.

4. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A．Sounds That We Can’t Hear

B．Beautiful Songs from Plants

C．Plants React to Different Types of Stress

D．Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed

5 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Ken Scott kicked of the covers and leapt out of bed at his home in the Rocky Mountain town of Mullan,Idaho.It was 6 a.m.on January 7, 2020, and he was on a mission: He’d just heard on the radio that the nearby Silver Mountain Resort had been blessed with nearly a foot and a half of new snow. As a ski addict who’d worked in the industry for the past 30 years as a ski patroller (滑雪巡逻员)and equipment salesperson, he didn’t want to miss this perfect skiing chance. These conditions are what skiers live for-even experienced and skilled as Scott, who, at 55, still skied 100 days a year.

When Scott reached Silver Mountain’s locker room, he ran into his friend Warren, 58, a former ski instructor who had also been a regular on these slopes for more than two decades.

“Can you believe it?” he said as they changed into their boots. “Sixteen inches! Are you ready?”

For the next hour, the pair skied on various runs under a lightly gloomy sky, making fresh tracks. They were both in a playful mood. Finally, they reached 16-to-1, an expert-level trail, which was now open. It had been closed all season over concerns that skiers might cause an avalanche (雪崩). But that morning, patrollers had cleared loose snow on the peak, reducing the chance of a snowslide.

“What do you think?” asked Warren.

“Let’s go for it!” Scott replied.

When they reached the top of 16-to-1, Warren excitedly looked back at Scott. The huge, toothy grin on his bearded face was what he needed. He pointed his skis downhill and took off. So thrilled were they that they isolated everything around them. Flying on the trail, despite the biting wind, their hearts burnt with passion for this great skiing. Whoomph! A sudden roar from behind nearly deafened them.

注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

In a second, they realized what was happening.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“Bring help! Ken was missing,” Warren said anxiously on the phone.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . The Earth’s ozone (臭氧) layer is on its way to recovering, thanks to decades of work to get rid of ozone-damaging chemicals, a panel of international experts backed by the United Nations has found.

The ozone layer serves an important function for living things on Earth. This shield in the stratosphere (平流层) protects humans and the environment from harmful levels of the sun’s radiation.

The international community was alarmed after experts discovered a hole in the ozone layer in May 1985. Scientists had previously discovered that chemicals, used in manufacturing certain sprays and used as refrigerants (制冷剂), could destroy ozone. Two years after the discovery of the dreadful state of the ozone layer, international bodies adopted a global agreement called the Montreal Protocol. This established the phaseout (逐步淘汰) of almost 100 man-made chemicals that were tied to the destruction of the all-important ozone.

In the latest report on the progress of the Montreal Protocol, the UN-backed panel confirmed that nearly 99% of banned ozone-eating substances have been phased out. If current policies stay in place, the ozone layer is expected to recover to 1980 values by 2040, the United Nations announced. In some places, it may take longer. Experts said that 1980-level recovery over Antarctica is expected by around 2066 and by 2045 over the Arctic.

The destruction of the ozone layer is not a major cause of climate change. But research is showing that these efforts to save the ozone layer are proving beneficial in the fight against climate change. “Ozone action is a pioneer for climate action,” said World Meteorological Organization Secretary-General Petteri Taalas. “Our success in phasing out ozone-eating chemicals shows us that what can and must be done-as a matter of urgency-to shift away from fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gases and so limit temperature increase.”

1. Why did the international community start to protect the ozone layer?

A．Because the Montreal Protocol was signed.

B．Because chemicals could destroy the ozone layer.

C．Because a hole in the ozone layer was discovered.

D．Because the stratosphere is harmful to human health.

2. Which of the following can NOT help protect the ozone layer?

A．Using less hair-setting spray.

B．Increasing refrigerant production.

C．Minimizing the use of cold air-conditioner.

D．Phasing out ozone-consuming substances.

3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A．The Montreal Protocol is taking effect.

B．The ozone layer will fully recover by 2040.

C．The Montreal Protocol needs to be improved.

D．The ozone layer protection has a long way to go.

4. What can be inferred from Petteri Taalas’ words?

A．Climate protection has led to the ozone protection.

B．The destruction of ozone layer didn’t cause climate change.

C．It’s an urgency to reduce the use of ozone-eating chemicals.

D．Ozone protection guides our future efforts in climate action.

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. When will the first storm arrive?

A．Today.

B．This weekend.

C．Next week.

2. Which city will have fog?

A．New York City.

B．Saint Paul.

C．Boston.

3. For whom will the ice cause problems according to the speaker?

A．People traveling on foot.

B．People driving on the road.

C．People celebrating by the water.

4. What will the weather be like in Chicago?

A．Sunny.

B．Snowy.

C．Windy.

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式

In October 2021, China announced the opening of its Giant Panda National Park. Giant pandas are no longer classified as     1     endangered species but are still vulnerable (脆弱的), so conservationists are still working     2     (boost) their population numbers. By protecting pandas, the park also benefits another 8.000 animal and plant species living in the same ecosystem.

One creature     3     shares the same habit al with the giant panda is the red panda. While less famous than the giant panda, the red panda is just as cute—and     4     (unfortunate), endangered. Habitat loss caused by human activity     5     climate change is a major threat. While exact population numbers are unknown, researchers estimate that red pandas     6     (decline) by 50% in the last 18 years.

Another endangered animal living here is the clouded leopard (豹).     7     (large) than a house cat, clouded leopards are named for their irregular, cloud-like     8     (spot). The clouded leopard isn’t the only cat moving around the Giant Panda National Park. The snow leopard also shares the territory, although it’s rarely seen,     9     (make) it difficult for researchers to assess its population numbers. Snow leopards     10     (list) as vulnerable due to the increasing threats to their natural habitat.

9 . Even if you live a green lifestyle at home，it's possible to ignore that travels may be harmful to the environment. Here are some steps you can take to reduce the harm that comes from traveling.

    1    If you can reach a destination by train，choose one. It's a great way to see a destination and has a less environmental impact than flying. Use local public transport and travel on foot or by bike to explore smaller areas.

    2     Where you choose to sleep at night plays a key role in being a green traveler. If you are going to the mountains or into the countryside，look for an eco–friendly place to stay. Even during city travel，you can find environmentally friendly hotels.

Make clear the environmental challenges. Every country has environmental challenges to deal with. For some，it is plastic bags，for others the amount of energy used on air conditioning or heating. Make sure you know them and act responsibly. Use water wisely，for example，when you are in dry countries.

    3     Don't forget your green habits just because you are on holiday. Keep clean and save energy just like at home. Bring a couple of containers to pack and try your best to avoid any one–off packaging.

A．Be as green as you are at home.

B．Find eco–friendly accommodation.

C．Eat locally grown foods as much as possible.

D．Choose a green means of transportation.

10 . Christmas is a time of great joy but it can also lead to over-consumption. Here’s how to cut back on unnecessary purchases (购买) and help save the planet in the process.

Get an eco-friendly tree

Having a Christmas tree at home has been a British tradition since the 1700s and we fill our homes with around 8 million a year. But we know plastic trees pollute the planet and cutting down a two-metre tree can produce up to 16 kg of CO₂ when it rots in landfill according to the Carbon Trust. But there is an alternative. You can rent a tree from Eco-Elf who deliver it to your door, and then collects it after Christmas to replant it in their UK forests.

Give gifts that make new memories

There’s so much pressure to buy friends, family, colleagues, or neighbours a gift at this time of year. But in fact around £42 million worth of Christmas presents aren’t wanted and end up in dustbins each year, which is not eco-friendly. Chances are your loved ones would rather spend more time with you than have more gifts. You could either book an experience together like a cooking class or a boat trip; organise a nature treasure hunt or go bird-watching; or share a skill you have with them like fixing their bike.

1. What do we know about eco-friendly Christmas trees?

A．They will produce much CO2.

B．They can be bought from Eco-Elf.

C．They can be replanted after Christmas.

D．They have been used by British since the 1700s.

2. Which Christmas gift is Not suggested according to the passage?

A．Fixing your friend’s bike.

B．Organizing a business trip.

C．Enjoying bird-watching.

D．Sharing a cooking class with your kids.

3. What’s the aim of the passage?

A．To introduce several Christmas traditions.

B．To cut back on any purchases at Christmas.

C．To help people have an eco-friendly Christmas.

D．To remind people to spend more time with family at Christmas.