2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you know the Silk Road? The Silk Road     1     is a network of trade routes connected the East and the West in ancient and Medieval times. In addition to silk, other various goods were traded along     2     Silk Road, and the network was also important for the spread of science, technology, and artistic ideals. The Silk Road had a great influence     3     the lands through which the routes passed, and the trade is also important for the     4     (develop) of towns and cities along the Silk Road routes.

Many businessmen along the Silk Road     5     (join) in relay (中转) trade, where an item would change owners many     6     (time) and travel a little bit with each one of them before reaching its final buyer. It seems to have been     7     (enormous) unusual for any individual businessman to travel all the way between China and Europe or Northern Africa. Instead, many businessmen focused on     8     (transport) goods through various sections of the Silk Road.

The Silk Road established the earliest connection between the East and the West. It was significant in the improvement of world civilization     9     the progress of human society. Research of the Silk Road today continue to have a     10     (power) influence.

3 . Are you attracted to faraway places? Do you prefer a vacation away from other tourists? Are you careful to take only memories and to leave only footprints? If you answered yes to more than one of these questions, you just might be an ecotourist (生态旅游者).

Ecotourists are people who want to experience the natural world without damage and leave it that way when they return home. This started in the 1990s and ecotourism is now growing three times faster than the tourism industry at large. The Ecuador’s remote Amazon Basin (盆地) is leading to that enlarging, and it gives tourists a snapshot of what ecotourism looks like.

At the Ecolodge, a small group of small houses sit Kapawi Ecolodge in the middle of the Achuar people’s reserve (保护区) and are only accessible by air. From here, visitors can explore parts of the Amazon rainforest seen by few outsiders. As they do, local Achuar guides explain how the forest is like their supermarket, where they find food, clothing, medicine and tools. As a result, tourists learn to enjoy the local culture as well as the natural environment.

The owners of Kapawi pay monthly rent to the Achuar people, but they also train the community to run and manage the lodge. They have agreed on a plan to turn the operation over to the Achuar completely by 2011. The owners are working to make ecotourism benefit and empower the local people.

You probably won’t start your own ecolodge (生态旅馆), but you can be an ecotourist if you follow these guidelines: Protect the environment; Support local businesses; Respect the local customs and traditions.

The world is full of fascinating places to visit. As an ecotourist, you can enjoy them yourself and make sure that they remain beautiful for future generations as well.

1. According to the text, the ecotourists should be ______.

A．those who like to go to their travelling places by cars.

B．those who like an easily-remembered natural environment

C．those who prefer a natural world which is what it used to be

D．those who prefer unique natural environment of cultural relics

2. Which word is closest to the underlined word “snapshot” in Paragraph 2?

A．Idea.

B．Chance.

C．Purpose.

D．Adventure.

3. At the Kapawi Ecolodge, visitors can’t ______.

A．reach there by air	B．live in the Achua r reserve
C．explore the Amazon rainforest	D．see many travelers from outside

4. What can we learn from the text?

A．The owners of Kapawi are the Achuar who are in favor of ecotourism.

B．The owners encourage tourists to enjoy the Achuar culture.

C．The Achuar people have gained a lot by collecting money from ecotourists.

D．The Kapawi Ecolodge will still run and manage the hotel after 2011.

4 . When thinking about what you can do to help the planet, do you support regenerative (再生) agriculture? Do you even know what it means? While it sounds like something that is up to farmers, there are ways that the rest of us can support it; one way is to practice soil-friendly eating.     1    .

Eat a variety of foods

A group of different foods can be good for getting a variety of nutrients, and by eating different types of foods, you’ll help create demand for a wide variety of agricultural products, which is better for soil.     2    .

Embrace the pulses (豆类)

The pulses are cheap and great alternative to meat.     3    . Pulse crops are able to pull nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil. This process is called nitrogen fixation and provides a natural fertilizer, which is available for subsequent crops.

Make sure meat is sustainably produced

    4    . However, if you do shop for meat, look for the meat which has been produced sustainably. For example, animals feeding on pasture (牧草) rather than grain are better because grain requires a lot of land, water and agrichemicals. Animals take a lot from the soil, so it’s important to support owners of pasture who work to keep their soil healthy.

Reduce food waste

Reducing food waste has been getting much attention recently. By some accounts, it is one of the most important things we can do to fight the climate.     5    .

A．We generally recommend eating less meat or none at all

B．It also helps ease the strain on soil since it reduces its workload

C．Almost everyone mentions the need for regenerative agriculture

D．It turns out that they are also a top choice for soil-friendly eating

E．Here are some steps for how to eat in ways that are harmonious with soil

F．If we don’t take care of the soil, the soil will lose its ability to take care of us

G．Food diversity helps with soil fertility when land is used to grow multiple crops

6 . Dandelion (蒲公英) seeds are some of the best flyers in nature, catching the wind and spreading as far as 100 kilometers. Each dandelion seed is tied by a thin tube to around 100 hairs, which form the parachute-like (类似降落伞的) structure. When seeds break free from the flower head, these hairs catch the wind and carry their seeds. This hairy parachute closes when the air is humid (潮湿的), which often means the wind is weak. In drier and windier conditions, dandelions widen their parachutes to better catch the wind so the seeds can fly freely.

However, in the past, nobody knew how they sense and respond to their environment so effectively.

Now researchers have uncovered the secret “thinking” behind dandelions’ spreading seeds. Their work, published in Nature Communications, found the seed-carrying parachutes open and close using something like actuators — devices that change signals into movement — without using active input of energy. The center of the parachutes senses the humidity of their immediate environment by absorbing water molecules (分子) from the air. Responding to these humidity signals, they either open their parachutes and fly away, or close their parachutes and stay put.

Study author Dr. Naomi Nakayama of the Department of Bioengineering who led the work said that their findings reveal how the dandelion ensures the survival of its species by making perhaps the most important decision in a plant’s life — to stay or go to seek a better habitat.

“Understanding how dandelions work is fascinating because the dandelion is the foundation of ecosystems. It feeds insects and birds,” Nakayama says. “So, the environmental sensitivity of their flight is an important topic for us to understand how nature will change in future climates.”

1. What can be learned from paragraph 1?

A．Dandelion seeds have a tube-like design.

B．A dandelion flower consists of 100 hairs.

C．Dandelion seeds begin to grow in dry weather.

D．The dandelion parachute closes on wet mornings.

2. What do researchers find about the dandelion?

A．Its hairs catch the wind easily.

B．Its actuator needs extra energy to function.

C．The middle of its parachute measures humidity.

D．The shape of its actuator was changed by the wind.

3. Why do they study how dandelions work according to Nakayama?

A．To feed more insects and birds.	B．To better learn about climate change.
C．To change dandelions’ living environment.	D．To further explain their role in ecosystems.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Why dandelion seeds “prefer” the wind.

B．How dandelions “tell” us their destinations.

C．How dandelions “decide” to spread their seeds.

D．Why dandelion seeds “create” parachute-like structures.

8 . Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush. Laws once _______ such practices are being changed, as rural communities begin taking a role in forest management.

In thinner forested areas, larger animals feeding on plants were found to be _______ in reducing forest fire risk. Smaller animals like goats and sheep are good for areas that lack natural predators (天敌). The eating _______ of these smaller animals make them perfect for _______   woody bushes. They also eat things which larger animals can’t digest.

Even though a forest might look like a place of natural beautiful, beauty, _______ it’s no longer a natural ecosystem. When climate change regulations limited the shepherd’s _______ to work in woodlands, it was part of a continent-wide effort to fight against deforestation. The effort worked well, with total forest _______ in Italy increasing by 75% since the 1960s. Natural numbers of red deer and other _______ animals have disappeared. Therefore the _______ of sheep and goats meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land, turning small fires into ________ ones.

Meanwhile, shepherds decided to write letters asking the government to ________ their animals to graze within the woods again. They also hoped to carry out a ________ project of rural areas, where Italy’s worst wildfire within 40 years ________ its way from the mountain tops to the sea. Their plan was to bring in more shepherds to better control the fires and ________ eco-tourism in the area. It makes sense that those most invested in the forests’ ________ would be worthwhile to save them, which goes for both the shepherds and the animals.

1.

A．monitoring

B．advising

C．banning

D．introducing

2.

A．decisive

B．effective

C．proper

D．relevant

3.

A．habits

B．routines

C．paths

D．challenges

4.

A．cutting off

B．helping out

C．clearing away

D．putting down

5.

A．clearly

B．gradually

C．luckily

D．actually

6.

A．ability

B．imagination

C．desire

D．risk

7.

A．growth

B．cover

C．thickness

D．quality

8.

A．smart

B．active

C．native

D．cautious

9.

A．loss

B．arrival

C．choice

D．disadvantage

10.

A．uncomfortable

B．unbelievable

C．unforgettable

D．uncontrollable

11.

A．support

B．allow

C．advise

D．persuade

12.

A．production

B．creation

C．restoration

D．competition

13.

A．burned

B．picked

C．blocked

D．forced

14.

A．vary

B．reduce

C．encourage

D．spread

15.

A．exploration

B．location

C．health

D．survival

9 . 习近平总书记一直提倡“厉行节约，反对浪费”的社会风尚，假定你是某中学的学生会主席，请以此为主题，向全校同学写一封倡议书，号召同学们“从我做起，拒绝浪费”。要点如下：
(1) 珍惜粮食；
(2) 不浪费学习、生活用品；
(3) 合理使用零用钱。
注意：(1) 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
(2) 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you!

The Students’ Union

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Yellow River Wetland Park in Yinchuan was once a place local people avoided: raw sewage (污染) caused awful smells     1     almost no grass could grow on the land. It had been several years before this area became a popular destination for locals to take a walk and a habitat frequented by migratory     2     (bird). Now this Wetland Park has appealed     3     many bird photographers.

The Yinchuan Wetland Park     4     (be) a microcosm (缩影) of China’s achievements in wetland protection. Last year seven Chinese cities were awarded “international wetland cities” at     5     14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14). So far, there are 13 wetland cities in China, showing a great     6     (various)of patterns and styles.

For example, Wuhan, acknowledged as a “city of a hundred lakes”, has five large wetland reserves,     7     tens of thousands of birds come to stay in wintertime.

Liangping district in Chongging, however, is more closely tied to human activity. People built small wetlands in rural areas. What’s more, they have combined these wetlands with organic farms, homestays, and healthcare centers, which     8     (result) in an income increase of 52,000 yuan per household in the past decade.

Panjin in Liaoning province is another surprising wetland city. In the past, the city long suffered from     9     (environment) problems caused by oil production. But now in the coastal wetlands, seagrass turns a breathtaking red every autumn,     10     (create) beautiful “red beaches”.