A.Quiet. | B.Big. | C.Noisy. |
2 . Dandelion (蒲公英) seeds are some of the best flyers in nature, catching the wind and spreading as far as 100 kilometers. Each dandelion seed is tied by a thin tube to around 100 hairs, which form the parachute-like (类似降落伞的) structure. When seeds break free from the flower head, these hairs catch the wind and carry their seeds. This hairy parachute closes when the air is humid (潮湿的), which often means the wind is weak. In drier and windier conditions, dandelions widen their parachutes to better catch the wind so the seeds can fly freely.
However, in the past, nobody knew how they sense and respond to their environment so effectively.
Now researchers have uncovered the secret “thinking” behind dandelions’ spreading seeds. Their work, published in Nature Communications, found the seed-carrying parachutes open and close using something like actuators — devices that change signals into movement — without using active input of energy. The center of the parachutes senses the humidity of their immediate environment by absorbing water molecules (分子) from the air. Responding to these humidity signals, they either open their parachutes and fly away, or close their parachutes and stay put.
Study author Dr. Naomi Nakayama of the Department of Bioengineering who led the work said that their findings reveal how the dandelion ensures the survival of its species by making perhaps the most important decision in a plant’s life — to stay or go to seek a better habitat.
“Understanding how dandelions work is fascinating because the dandelion is the foundation of ecosystems. It feeds insects and birds,” Nakayama says. “So, the environmental sensitivity of their flight is an important topic for us to understand how nature will change in future climates.”
1. What can be learned from paragraph 1?A.Dandelion seeds have a tube-like design. |
B.A dandelion flower consists of 100 hairs. |
C.Dandelion seeds begin to grow in dry weather. |
D.The dandelion parachute closes on wet mornings. |
A.Its hairs catch the wind easily. |
B.Its actuator needs extra energy to function. |
C.The middle of its parachute measures humidity. |
D.The shape of its actuator was changed by the wind. |
A.To feed more insects and birds. | B.To better learn about climate change. |
C.To change dandelions’ living environment. | D.To further explain their role in ecosystems. |
A.Why dandelion seeds “prefer” the wind. |
B.How dandelions “tell” us their destinations. |
C.How dandelions “decide” to spread their seeds. |
D.Why dandelion seeds “create” parachute-like structures. |
3 . Mexico has more than just beaches. Several Mexican cities have been recognized as forming part of the heritage of humanity and are considered to be of outstanding universal value.
Oaxaca
Oaxaca and the nearby archaeological site Monte Alban have both been recognized by UNESCO. Oaxaca, the capital city of the state of the same name, was founded in 1529 and offers a good example of previous Spanish town planning. Oaxaca is considered one of Mexico’s best foodie destinations. Learn what foods and drinks you should try in Oaxaca.
Guanajuato
As a silver mining town in the past, Guanajuato seems special. The winding streets and small squares give it a more friendly feel than some of the other cities. This is a student town with a vibrant culture and an important cultural festival — the International Cervantino Festival which is held every October.
Puebla
Puebla is one of Mexico’s large cities, but its historical center can easily be explored on foot. It has some special historical structures such as the 16th-century cathedral and some other fine buildings with walls covered in tiles.
Morelia
Morelia, the capital of the state of Michoacán, was originally called Valladolid, but its name was changed in honor of independence hero José María Morelos y Pavón. The Museo del Dulce is a stop you shouldn’t miss in Morelia. Visits to nearby Patzcuaro or the reserves are also recommended on a trip to Morelia.
1. What are visitors recommended to do in Oaxaca?A.Walk on a beach. | B.Enjoy local cuisine. |
C.Visit a student town. | D.Join a cultural festival. |
A.Architecture. | B.Reserves. | C.Silver mining. | D.Foods and drinks. |
A.Oaxaca. | B.Guanajuato. | C.Puebla. | D.Morelia. |
4 . A French company called SolarSoundSystem is celebrating its 24th year of hosting solar-and-bicycle-powered parties in Europe. Founder Cedric Carles says “it is necessary to perform in public spaces in order to increase the level of general knowledge and catch public concern about climate change.” The solar-powered sound systems started off in Lausanne, Switzerland, but have now taken off in France, Berlin, the Basque region of Spain and Tel Aviv.
The principle is simple, during the day batteries are charged by solar energy. These are attached to generators which allow the speakers to function and power the DJ turntables (唱机转盘) too. Impressively, the sound quality is so high that it can provide music for up to 500 people. In terms of how long the music can last, the team explains that even with partial sun clouds, the machines can operate for 5 hours without bicycles and 6 to 8 hours with bicycles. With plenty of sun in the sky, the party can go on until dark. Then at night, party-goers are encouraged to take turns donating pedal power, by riding the bikes to keep the music going.
To mark the 23rd anniversary of the parties last year, the eco-friendly sound system released a vinyl record (黑胶唱片) of the electronic artists that have been playing on their systems over the years. The chosen songs pay tribute to the eight international artists who have supported SolarSoundsystem in the past years, such as Jay Ka and Gregorythme.
1. Why are the solar-and-bicycle-powered parties hosted?A.To raise the awareness of environmental protection. |
B.To stress the importance of donating pedal power. |
C.To explain the bad effects of climate change. |
D.To mark the contributions of electronic artists. |
A.The solar-and-bicycle-powered parties have been popular all over the world. |
B.The vinyl record is released to mark the 23rd anniversary of the parties. |
C.The music can last 1-3 hours longer with partial sun/clouds with the help of bicycles. |
D.The batteries are simply charged by solar energy during the night. |
A.Pay attention to. | B.Show respect to. |
C.Attach importance to. | D.Make contributions to. |
A.Solar-powered parties are on the rise in Europe. |
B.SolarSoundSystem celebrates its 24th birthday. |
C.An eco-friendly company released a vinyl record. |
D.Humans should be concerned about climate change |
5 . Growing up in Canterbury, Scartozzi recalls swimming in rivers as part of her childhood. When she returned many years later, however, she noticed things had changed. “Some of the places where I could swim before now have signs saying ‘polluted water, do not swim’,” she says. “I wanted to take my kids to places to swim but we couldn’t because these signs were up.”
Although the experience was sad and surprising, it has also served as fuel for Scartozzi, who’s now focusing on restoring the health of waterways. Her company called eCleanEnvirotech is developing technology to remove pollutants from waterways such as rivers, ponds and streams. It involves feeding polluted water into a system housing microbes (微生物) that eat or break up the pollutants.
The “engineered” nature of the technology, Scartozzi explains, means it’s adaptable for different environment conditions. Each system can be personalized with its own unique “soup” of microbes to remove the pollutants in any waterway where it is installed (安装).
Other advantages of the technology, she says, are that it can process water relatively quickly and that it can be used to treat waterways in a variety of sizes and locations.
She says she hopes to create cleaner water for the benefit of future generations. “My passion is around restoring the health of these waterways. And my purpose is to do anything that I can to return them to their former condition. That’s what drives me every day. If I can do anything, it is so that in the future, my kids and grandchildren have somewhere where they can go swimming and fishing.”
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A.Scartozzi and her kids were fond of swimming. |
B.The experience inspired Scartozzi to clean up waterways. |
C.Waterways in the world were unsuitable for swimming. |
D.The company focuses on the development of the technology. |
A.It is convenient and economic. | B.It can be used in limited waterways. |
C.It functions slowly but effectively. | D.Its system is flexible and efficient. |
A.To introduce her company. | B.To swim and fish in the river. |
C.To regain healthy waterways. | D.To educate future generations. |
A.Energetic | B.Curious. | C.Outgoing. | D.Responsible. |
6 . Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly
The Station
But the people here
There aren’t
Most of the people here are
A.filled | B.full | C.discovered | D.covered |
A.warmest | B.coldest | C.coolest | D.hottest |
A.travel | B.settle | C.work | D.live |
A.called | B.built | C.known | D.lived |
A.exists | B.builds | C.has | D.lies |
A.where | B.that | C.who | D.how |
A.other | B.another | C.the another | D.the other |
A.printers | B.icons | C.mice | D.computers |
A.don’t | B.mustn’t | C.shouldn’t | D.needn’t |
A.go | B.jog | C.travel | D.run |
A.with | B.in | C.on | D.at |
A.some | B.any | C.many | D.much |
A.plants | B.life | C.animals | D.things |
A.teachers | B.scientists | C.doctors | D.workers |
A.flows | B.forms | C.freezes | D.moves |
A.show | B.tell | C.suggest | D.say |
A.in | B.with | C.about | D.on |
A.pleasant | B.easy | C.hard | D.comfortable |
A.boating | B.swimming | C.fishing | D.washing |
A.study | B.life | C.visit | D.climate |
1. What percentage of people in Britain were working from home in 2019?
A.30%. | B.25%. | C.5%. |
A.Air conditioning will add 0. 5℃ to global warming. |
B.The British government will have 30, 000 houses built. |
C.More and more houses won’t use the heat. |
A.It was designed without using air conditioning. |
B.It was poorly prepared to deal with rising temperatures. |
C.It did harm to people’s health and productivity. |
8 . Summer is coming, and soon beaches will be full of the sounds of people having fun: splashing (泼洒) in waves and playing in the sand. But imagine finding a quieter spot of ocean. If you could stick your ears under the water, you might hear other sounds. And many of those sounds are made by fish.
People have known that fish make sounds since ancient Greece; that is why they gave some fish names like red drum, pig fish or croaker. “They’re based on the sounds these fish make,” said Audrey Looby. She studies fish sounds at the University of Florida.
So far, about 1,000 fish species have been recorded making sounds. Looby’s favorite-sounding fish is the Gulf toadfish. It makes an amazing sound like a boat whistle. Scientists are not sure how many fish make sounds. Some think that it might be as many as 22,000 types, about two-thirds of the 34,000 fish species known. And those are just the sounds fish make on purpose.
Fish sounds are important because they give a lot of information about what is going on to other fish, and to scientists. If scientists hear a fish chewing, then they know there is food available. The warning noises of certain fish species give information, too. They can tell scientists how many fish are living on a reef and where they are located. And fish sounds can tell where the endangered species are located, too, said Looby.
Fish sounds might even help preserve and bring back fish habitats. For example, scientists want to try playing healthy fish sounds in a reef that is dying. The healthy sounds might encourage fish to return and live in the dying reef. “Learning about fish sounds lets us learn about underwater environments and hopefully manage them at the same time,” Looby said.
1. Why are some fish names mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To make a prediction. |
B.To think highly of ancient Greece. |
C.To introduce a new research. |
D.To present a rule about naming fishes. |
A.They are made by accident. |
B.They sound like boat whistles. |
C.They remain partly mysterious. |
D.They are fully explored scientifically. |
A.Locating reefs. | B.Recovering fish habitats. |
C.Identifying species. | D.Identifying the types of reefs. |
A.The significance of fish sounds. |
B.The explanation of fish sounds. |
C.The distribution of fish sounds. |
D.The classification of fish sounds. |
9 . We all want to do our part in reducing waste and improving the well-being of our planet. And it does require some mindfulness and effort. Below are ways to reduce waste in and out of the home.
Prepare now, eat later.
Preparing food in advance can save money and reduce waste. Spending a few hours at the beginning of the week can really make your week run smoother because each day your food is already ready to go. Also, by preparing meals in advance, we’re better able to use all the groceries we’ve bought without leaving them so long in the fridge that they go bad.
Use a reusable water bottle.
Using a reusable water bottle can cut down on plastic consumption (消耗). A reusable water bottle can also help keep you properly hydrated (补充水分) because you’ll have it on hand.
Reusable food containers are your friend.
Using reusable food containers will pair nicely with preparing food in advance. These containers can be used and washed over and over again so you won’t need to buy additional options.
Order small portions (份额) when eating out.
Starting small when eating out is a great way to prevent food waste! We understand that eating out is enjoyable, and this way ensures that you only order what you’ll eat. Also, you’re always able to order more if you’re still hungry. If you do happen to order too much, box it up and take it home for later.
One or two of these tips can help reduce the amount of resources and food that go to waste in your daily life. Every step is positive for the planet.
1. What can help you reduce food waste in the text?A.Cooking at home. | B.Preparing food in advance. |
C.Keeping food in the fridge. | D.Buying food every day. |
A.Use small containers | B.Try reusable things. |
C.Eat later or out. | D.Stay hungry. |
A.To introduce daily actions against wasting. |
B.To describe the problems our planet is facing. |
C.To show readers tips about reducing waste. |
D.To compare effective steps for protecting our planet. |
10 . Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man’s new best friends.
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.
Although there are already robots which can do this job. rats are better. Christian Linter at Cornell University—New York says. “Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that. ” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says. “It would be wonderful. A rat could get into spaces we couldn’t get to and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course).
1. In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become man s best friends because they can ________.A.take the place of man’s rescue jobs |
B.find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings |
C.serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings |
D.get into small spaces |
A.the noise made by the rat |
B.the rat’s unusual behavior |
C.the signal sent by the radio on the rat’s back |
D.the smell given off by the person |
A.rats smell better than dogs |
B.dogs don’t need to be trained to smell people |
C.rats can see in the dark and smaller than all the robots |
D.robots’ sense of smell can be affected by other smells around |
A.they are more wonderful than other animals |
B.they are less expensive to train than dogs |
C.they don’t need electricity |
D.they are small and can get into small places |