Climate protection strategy is fascinating the globe during the 19th Asian Games, not just athletic talent .
Avoiding fireworks during the opening ceremony promotes environmental awareness. Traditional fireworks displays are fun
The Games Village gave residents a “Low Carbon Account” as part of the green measures. Carbon points
A child was standing on a street-corner. He leaned with one shoulder against a high board-fence and swayed the other to and fro, while kicking carelessly at the gravel.
Sunshine beat upon the cobbles (鹅卵石), and a lazy summer wind raised yellow dust which trailed in clouds down the avenue. Clattering trucks moved with indistinctness through it. The child stood dreamily gazing.
After a time, a little dark-brown dog came trotting with an intent air down the sidewalk. A short rope was dragging from his neck. Occasionally he trod upon the end of it and stumbled.
He stopped opposite the child, and the two regarded each other. The dog hesitated for a moment, but presently he made some little advances with his tail. The child put out his hand and called him. In an apologetic manner, the dog came close, and the two had an interchange of friendly pattings and waggles. The dog became more enthusiastic with each moment of the interview, until with his gleeful caperings he threatened to overturn the child. Whereupon the child lifted his hand and struck the dog with a blow upon the head.
This thing seemed to overpower and astonish the little dark-brown dog, and wounded him to the heart. He sank down in despair at the child’s feet. When the blow was repeated, together with an admonition (警告) in childish sentences, he turned over upon his back, and held his paws in a peculiar (奇怪的) manner. At the same time, with his ears and his eyes, he offered a small prayer to the child.
He looked so comical on his back, and holding his paws peculiarly, that the child was greatly amused and gave him little taps repeatedly, to keep him so. But the little dark-brown dog took this chastisement (惩罚) in the most serious way, and no doubt considered that he had committed some grave crime, for he wriggled contritely and showed his repentance in every way that was in his power. He pleaded with the child and petitioned him, and offered more prayers.
At last the child grew weary of this amusement and turned toward home. The dog was praying at the time. He lay on his back and turned his eyes upon the retreating form.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150字左右；
2.请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置做答。
Presently he struggled to his feet and started after the child. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The child beat his pursuer with a small stick he had found. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 . When temperatures rise, humans sweat, dogs pant, and cats ... don’t move enough to overheat? Well, partially. Cats, who need to maintain an internal body temperature of 101°F to 102°F, have several methods for keeping cool in sweltering (酷热难耐的) weather.
It’s a misconception that cats sweat through their paws to cool themselves off. As summer wears on, you might see moist paw prints, but as veterinarian (兽医) Kimberly May told The Washington Post, “any secretions there or from their nose, mouth, or tongue are not for sweating; they’re for protection and moisture and are insufficient to cool the blood.”
Instead, cats recreate the sweating process — which works to cool humans via evaporation (蒸发) — by grooming themselves regularly. The saliva from their tongues acts like sweat that cools their body when it evaporates — which is why you can also help cool your cat down by using a damp washcloth to lightly wet their fur. In extreme weather, cats will also pant, but unlike dogs who pant regularly to keep themselves cool, a panting cat is a sign of more dangerous over-heating or other serious diseases.
And if you’re tempted to shave your feline (猫科的) friend to help keep him cool — don’t!
“Fur acts as a thermal regulator to slow down the process of heat absorption,” James H. Jones, an expert in comparative animal exercise physiology and thermoregulation (体温调节) at the University of California at Davis, told The Washington Post.
Fur coats are highly evolved — in the winter they keep animals warm, but in the summer, they work both to protect delicate skin from the sun and slow dehydration (Jones notes that, according to research, shaved camels fared worse in the deserts than those with their fur intact).
But even with these methods for keeping cool, cats also rely on the perks of domesticity to stay comfortable. So even though they evolved from wild ancestors and are able to tough it out, leave the A/C (or a fan) on for your cats when you go out, and make sure to leave them plenty of water.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 1?| A．Temperature affects humans and dogs more than cats. |
| B．Cats need to keep cool while the temperature is high. |
| C．Cats have more methods for keeping cool than humans and dogs. |
| D．Cats need to keep an internal temperature so they don’t have to keep cool. |
| A．grooming themselves | B．sweating like humans |
| C．panting like dogs | D．sweating through paws |
| A．fur can speed up the process of cooling down |
| B．cats with fur can be sold at a better price |
| C．fur can protect the cats both in heat and cold weather |
| D．cats with fur can survive in the deserts |
| A．Why cats need to keep cool. | B．The importance for cats to keep cool. |
| C．How fur works in the process of cooling down. | D．How cats keep cool in hot weather. |
1. 介绍动物的外形；
2. 描述动物的生活环境、生活习性；
3. 动物的独特或者有趣之处
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
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5 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Mom, where do you suppose they are?” my ten-year-old son Danny asked for the twentieth time as he stared out of the window at the range (牧场). “They” were our horses, Ginger, and her three-year-old son, Charcoal, both of whom had been missing for days.
Our range and woods offered plenty of grass for six horses. However, spring thunderstorms during the past ten days had forced the nearby river out of its banks. The other horses had come to the barn (畜棚) during the downpour, but not Ginger or Charcoal.
When the rain stopped, I took Spot, our dog, to do some first-hand searching. We went through trees and brush in wet lowlands near the river. All my calling and Spot’s smelling were in vain.
The next morning, the sun struggled to shine through gray clouds, but dampness filled the air. Suddenly, Danny shouted, “Mom, come quick! There’s Ginger!” The horse stood at the range gate crying impatiently and moving back and forth as if to say “Follow me”.
“Hurry, Danny,” I said, “get the pot with some oats (燕麦). I will bring a rope.” Ginger walked in front and we followed. “I see him! I see him!” Danny shouted. Charcoal was lying on his side, not moving. His right back leg was badly injured.
“Oh, Mom. How long do you think he’s been lying here with no food and nobody to care for him?” Tears formed in Danny’s blue eyes. “Probably several days, but we’ll never know. Ginger took care of him, though, protecting him from attacks from hungry wolves or other wild animals,” I said.
“What can we do now?” Danny asked anxiously. “There’s no way to drive a vehicle down here in all this mud.” “We just have to get him up and lead him out,” I said, keeping my voice confident. “Afterwards, we’ll have to call the vet (兽医) out.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With our encouragement and the attraction of oats, Charcoal struggled and managed to stand up.
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Upon arriving at the barn, Danny started creating a bed for Charcoal.
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6 . Parks are the beating hearts of cities, providing crucial environments for wildlife of many sizes as well as areas of rest and recreation for local citizens. Accessible via public transport, and located near a university, a stadium and the National Library, Warsaw’s Pole Mokotowskie Park provides green space for many people.
One of the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s five pathways to transformative change for water management is to restore species population, ecosystems and the benefits that nature provides to people by using each city’s advantage. As more urban centres seek new ways to unite greenery into the built environment, projects of all sizes and stages add to essential corridors and stopping points for a range of wildlife.
Tasked with improving Warsaw’s Pole Mokotowskie Park’s natural sustainability, architecture company WXCA looked at ways of enhancing the elements that were already in place to better support wildlife. One of the most visible means was the removal of thousands of square metres of concrete (混凝土). Removing concrete in and around ponds and other waterways allows the city’s features to shape themselves naturally, in reaction to both the surrounding environment and the weather. Doing so can support biodiversity by removing artificial constraints and flows. More than 13,000 square metres of concrete has already been removed, with more removal planned over the next year.
For the human users of the park, the designers created education, activity, and art spaces. The Grand Salon, a grassland surrounded by trees, is for large public gatherings, and a handful of pavilions (亭) spread throughout the space provide visible means of monitoring the quality of the air and water. They also contribute to the park’s ecosystem through rainwater harvesting. As the temperature consistently rises, city planners are using the leaves and branches of the plants and mixed use designs to reduce heat islands, improve air quality and prevent urban runoff.
1. What do we know about Warsaw’s Pole Mokotowskie Park?| A．It creates a new way to the city center. |
| B．It serves different community groups. |
| C．It reminds the public to protect the environment. |
| D．It shows the locals are living happily. |
| A．Providing stages to show off creativity. | B．Taking advantage of the city’s resources. |
| C．Encouraging people to get close to nature. | D．Supplying various wildlife with more room. |
| A．Limits. | B．Factors. | C．Methods. | D．Damages. |
| A．By offering some shelters. | B．By collecting rainwater. |
| C．By monitoring the air quality. | D．By reducing high temperature. |
7 . Wearing a caveman mask (面具), Dr. Marzluff walks across the camp at the university. Crows (乌鸦) circle and scream. They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask，he smiles. Days before, he and his students had
“We always knew crows
When the researchers walked around campus without masks, the crows they had caught and banded didn’t
“Crows are constantly
At first, only the banded birds reacted
Dr. Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’
| A．picked out | B．put on | C．searched for | D．taken off |
| A．dropped | B．stepped | C．pressed | D．tied |
| A．unhappy | B．beautiful | C．black | D．rare |
| A．hate | B．attack | C．recognize | D．contact |
| A．wave | B．react | C．reply | D．turn |
| A．friendly | B．unkind | C．different | D．same |
| A．enemies | B．professors | C．owners | D．followers |
| A．clothes | B．faces | C．organs | D．figures |
| A．expecting | B．admiring | C．watching | D．tolerating |
| A．estimating | B．changing | C．restoring | D．worsening |
| A．rigidly | B．automatically | C．abnormally | D．threateningly |
| A．resulted | B．heard | C．learned | D．benefited |
| A．promised | B．identified | C．denied | D．clarified |
| A．young | B．neighbor | C．partners | D．opponents |
| A．wings | B．noses | C．legs | D．brains |
8 . When we think about the big carbon problems we have to deal with, paper isn't the first thing that comes to mind. After all, we think it costs less energy and a lot of it is recycled these days. However, it turns out that we are wrong.
The problem is that to make paper, you need virgin (未使用过的) wood or recycled material, and it then takes a lot of energy to dry it out and turn it into paper, thus causing carbon emissions (排放). The non-governmental organization Environmental Paper Network's Luisa Colasimone said that making a ton of paper and a ton of steel used the same amount of energy. Adrian Hiel and Dave Keating, journalists working in Brussels, reported, "Average energy costs are around 16% of production costs and can be as high as 30%."
Colasimone said, "The vast majority of paper products are short-lived. They are thrown away and their carbon ends up in the atmosphere within two to three years."
Also, a recent study from the University College London (UCL) has found that recycled paper may be less environmentally-friendly than virgin paper because it is made with electricity and fossil fuels. "They found that if all wastepaper was recycled, carbon emissions could increase by 10%, as recycling paper tends to rely more on fossil fuels than making new paper," lead author Dr. Stijn van Ewijk said in a press release. "Our study shows that recycling is not a guaranteed way to address climate change. Recycling of paper may not be helpful unless it is powered by renewable (可再生的) energy."
The researchers reported that paper accounted for 1.3% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2012. This rate — 1.3% — is a stunning number, bigger than the emissions from Australia or Brazil. About a third of these emissions came from the disposal of paper in landfills. Researchers said that in coming years, the use of paper would likely rise, with the move away from plastics leading to increased demand for paper packaging.
1. On what does Luisa Colasimone agree with Adrian Hiel and Dave Keating?| A．Recycled material is bad for paper. |
| B．Recycling of paper is really helpful. |
| C．Paper making requires much energy. |
| D．The paper-making process proves simple. |
| A．It results in the increasing use of plastics. |
| B．It is powered by renewable energy. |
| C．It is the key to fighting climate change. |
| D．It may cause more carbon emissions. |
| A．Normal. | B．Shocking. |
| C．Small. | D．Relaxing. |
| A．Carbon problems with paper. | B．Emissions from paper making. |
| C．Increasing paper consumption. | D．Energy waste in paper recycling. |
9 . Sharks are often regarded as cruel animals, the lone wolves hiding in the deep, hunting for animals. But that is increasingly out of step with what scientists are learning about the animals. Instead, they say, some species of sharks are social creatures.
They form these social groups where they hang out with the same individuals over multiple years," says Yannis Papastamatiou from Florida International University.
Papastamatiou s team studied gray reef sharks(灰礁鲨) populating the waters off Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific Ocean. They attached small location transmitters(位置信号传送器) to 41 sharks, which allowed them to track the animals' movements. Also, two sharks were equipped with small video cameras9 which could record a shark's-eye view of their daily lives.
After tracking the sharks for four years, the researchers found that the same groupings of sharks—ranging from a couple up to as many as 20—frequently returned to the same parts of the reef over and over again. They also found that some of the groups stuck together during the study period.
"The sharks might be inspired to stay together because it makes hunting for food easier," Papastamatiou says. "If we hang out together and I see something, then you can come and try and take advantage of that. And alternatively, if you see something, then I can try and take advantage of that."
He points out that the sharks don't cooperatively hunt, but says that as long as the group isn't too large——which would raise competition and conflict—socializing appears to benefit the sharks.
David Shiffman, who studies shark protection, says he was surprised to learn that the sharks stuck together for so long. "Sharks are smart creatures," Shiffman says. "In addition to knowing where to find food by watching others, some species of sharks can also learn to solve simple puzzles, just by watching other sharks solve them."
1. What is a misunderstanding about sharks?| A．They normally hunt alone. | B．They stay away from reefs. |
| C．They go hunting in groups. | D．They are powerful animals. |
| A．They equipped 41 sharks with cameras. |
| B．They created artificial reefs for sharks. |
| C．They dived into the sea to watch sharks. |
| D．They employed positioning technology. |
| A．By sharing food with each other. |
| B．By cooperating to solve problems. |
| C．By following group members' examples. |
| D．By growing stronger through competition. |
| A．Sharks Are Very Lonely Animals |
| B．Feel Afraid of Sharks? Calm Down |
| C．Everyone Needs Friends—Even Sharks |
| D．A Large or Small Group: Which Is Better? |
10 . After about two weeks of intense negotiations in Paris, delegates from around the world reached an international agreement on Dec.12 to address climate change.For the first time in history, 195 countries have promised to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to increase these reductions over time.
The agreement goes beyond requiring developed countries like the US to take actions to cut down emissions.It’s a universal agreement requiring some form of action from every country, rich or poor.
The agreement sets the date for an emissions peak “as soon as possible”.It would also limit warming worldwide to less than 2℃ above the levels in the 1800s.According to scientific studies 2℃ is the point at which climate change will bring destructive consequences to the planet, including rising sea levels, severe droughts, increased flooding, destructive storms, and widespread food and water shortages.
The deal also urges wealthy countries to set a non-binding (没有约束力的) goal of providing more than $100 billion (650 billion yuan) per year in public and private financing by 2020 for poorer countries to help them invest in clean energy and combat the impact of climate change.
The Paris deal asks countries to make voluntary promises based on an analysis of each country’s economy, politics and technology.However, the deal also includes a series of legally binding requirements.It requires countries to reconvene every five years, starting in 2020, with updated plans that would cut their further emissions.Countries will also be legally required to reconvene every five years starting in 2023 to publicly report on their progress.
The Paris deal alone won’t solve global warming.Its effectiveness will depend on whether each country enacts (立法) their promise.But the deal “could be viewed as a signal to global financial and energy markets, triggering a fundamental shift away from investment in coal, oil and gas as primary energy sources like wind, solar and nuclear power”, according to The New York Times.
1. Which of the following is true about the agreement?| A．It can help slow down global warming to some extent. |
| B．It requires only developed countries to cut down emissions. |
| C．It requires some form of action from all the countries in the world. |
| D．It would limit warming worldwide to 2℃ less than the levels in the 1800s. |
| A．do something to fight against climate change |
| B．invest more in coal, oil and gas as primary energy sources |
| C．report on their progress of reducing their emissions since 2020 |
| D．provide more than $100 billion per year in public and private financing |
| A．Return. | B．Report. | C．Meet. | D．Promise. |
| A．To praise the involvement of the 195 countries. |
| B．To call on people to cut emissions of greenhouse gases. |
| C．To warn the devastating consequences of climate change. |
| D．To inform readers of an international agreement. |
