1 . “I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up at us, cats look down on us, but pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear. But he, too, surely saw something in them that was lacking in other domestic beasts, for it was they who ended up running the show in novel Animal Farm. Pigs, then, are intelligent social creatures.

And, like all animals, they sometimes fight. A study just published in Animal Cognition by Ivan Norscia, a biological anthropologist at the University of Turin, in Italy, and his colleagues, looked at how a group of 104 domestic pigs went about resolving such incidents. In total, Dr. Norscia and his team studied the details of 216 pig conflicts over the course of six months.

Some pigs tend to be attackers; others tend to be victims. Who is what depends largely on weight, for, among pigs pounds mean power. The attacker might bite, kick, bump or lift the victim (or string together a sequence of those actions). Most conflicts ended in seconds, but some lasted a minute or two.

In most animal species that would be that. However, many of the pig conflicts Dr. Norscia observed had interested parties beyond the protagonists (主角). He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in resolving fights —and what this says about pigs’ cognitive (认知) abilities.

Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to intervene during the heat of a conflict (though this did occur), he and his colleagues looked at what happened in the three minutes directly following an aggressive interaction. Sometimes, they found, the protagonists made up on their own —for instance, by touching noses.

On other occasions, though, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this bystander acted as a peacemaker, engaging with the attacker and reducing the number of subsequent attacks compared with what might otherwise have been expected. Sometimes, by contrast, the bystander engaged with the victim. This appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior such as shaking and scratching.

1. Why does the author mention Winston Churchill in the first paragraph?

A．To prove pigs are clever.	B．To show pigs are inspirational.
C．To state Churchill loves pigs.	D．To introduce the topic of the text.

2. What probably decides on the pigs’ roles in pig conflict?

A．Their ages.	B．Their weight.
C．Their safety needs.	D．Their cognitive abilities.

3. Why did Ivan Norscia and his colleagues conduct the study?

A．To comprehend the role of bystanders in conflict resolution.

B．To figure out the relationship between pigs.

C．To record the details of 216 pig conflicts.

D．To find out the reason for pigs’ conflicts.

4. How will the bystander interact with the victim after a fight?

A．By shaking it.	B．By touching its nose.
C．By scratching its back.	D．By offering comfort to it.

2 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Hank was a two-year-old cat. Hank’s big adventure started last November 6. Delores Bushong, his 75-year-old owner, had just returned from a market when she realized Hank didn’t come in for his snacks. She called his name in the streets around her home. Then she heard something. She looked up and spotted Hank on a branch near the top of a neighbor’s tree.

Bushong believed Hank came out through a fence’s cracks (缝隙) and then became scared by some dogs. The more scared he got, the higher he climbed. “Cats have an amazing ability to climb up trees, but actually they aren’t good at climbing down,” said Dan D’Eramo, director of the Humane Rescue Alliance (HRA).

Bushong, worried about Hank, asked the HRA to help her. HRA called the fire department, but the tree’s branches weren’t stable enough to support a climb. And the position of the tree made a firetruck ladder useless. Then Bushong called a construction company to rent scaffolding (脚手架) but was told she should book the equipment 10 days in advance. Bushong was upset. “It is frustrating to realize something you love is in trouble but you personally can’t do anything about it,” she said.

To her delight, the neighbors came to help. Ed Baptiste, whose tree Hank had climbed, let Bushong sit in his backyard and called to Hank. One neighbor called a local business, EJ’s Pest Control, which had a tall ladder. Unfortunately, the 42-foot ladder proved too short. Another neighbor donated a can of fish, hoping it might attract the hungry cat to come down. Nearby dog owners took their pets away on walks instead of letting them out in their yards to avoid further frightening Hank.

By the fifth day, nothing had worked. That’s when Robert, a veterinary (兽医) assistant at HRA, came up with an idea. He asked Bushong to fill a special bag with some of Hank’s favorite things: cat food and a soft blanket. They called it Hank’s party pack. Robert wanted to save Hank with it.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Then Robert tied the pack to a long bamboo pole.

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Bushong told the kind acts to a local newspaper office.

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3 . Matt Kauffman is a wildlife researcher at the University of Wyoming. He leads the Wyoming Migration Initiative, which studies the migratory (迁徙的) paths of animals like deer and elk (驼鹿) in the American state of Wyoming.

In 2019, Kauffman and other scientists were talking at a conference in Italy. He began learning that wildlife around the world had the same difficulties faced by Wyoming’s migratory deer and elk. “We just naturally got together, and nine or ten of us are working on migrations around the world,” Kauffman told Jackson Hole News & Guide. “We realized that a lot of the same things we were trying to address by mapping migrations in Wyoming were applicable globally.”

Their talk in 2019 was the beginning of an international effort that now includes 92 scientists and environmentalists. Their effort is called the Global Initiative on Ungulate (有蹄类动物) Migration. The aim is to gather information on the seasonal movements of gazelles in Mongolia and Norwegian reindeer. The hundreds of paths would then be presented in an electronic migration map. The researchers wrote a report that recently appeared in the publication Science.

The report describes how animal movements over long distances to get food and other resources are not doing so well. The main reason for the struggles comes from land development by humans. Roads and fences create barriers for the animals, restricting their movement. And the warming of the planet has also unsettled environmental systems.

Joe Ogutu studies migratory east African wildebeest, zebra and Thomson's gazelle for the University of Hohenheim in Stuttgart, Germany. Since 2015, he has watched the ungulate migration called Mara-Loita in southwestern Kenya stop working because of fence-building and sharing land space with hundreds of thousands of sheep and goats. Ogutu hopes that the Global Initiative on Ungulate Migration will bring attention to the Mara-Loita migration and other at-risk paths. “Publicity and attention,” he said, “will hopefully lead to its restoration and protection.”

1. What did Kauffman realize at the conference in Italy?

A．The migratory paths of animals in Wyoming were at risk.

B．The migratory animals’ difficulties were global issues.

C．Some scientists finished mapping animals’ migrations.

D．Many countries focused on wildlife migrations.

2. What does the report published in Science find according to the text?

A．How to save ungulates in the world.	B．Where migratory animals like to move.
C．Why animals’ migrations run into trouble.	D．What people have done to protect wildlife.

3. What does Ogutu think of the Global Initiative on Ungulate Migration?

A．It has great significance.	B．It has brought great benefits.
C．It should be extended to Africa first.	D．It should be based on Mara-Loita migration.

4. Which of the following may be the best title for the text?

A．Animals Are Facing Survival Challenges

B．Humans Have Ruined Animals’ Migration

C．Researchers Are Mapping Animals’ Migratory Paths

D．Global Warming Brings Threat to Ungulate Migration

4 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How is the news being broadcast?

A．Over the Internet.

B．Over the radio.

C．On TV.

2. Which city is the weather report mainly about?

A．Hong Kong.

B．Shanghai.

C．Guangzhou.

3. When will the heavy rains move north?

A．In May.

B．In July.

C．In August.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In every photo from our family vacation to Washington, D.C., I was showing off the souvenir I picked out at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo — a white, oversize, cotton sweatshirt with pandas     1     (dance) on the front.

Nearly 30 years later I found myself among     2     pool of photojournalists and video crews packed into the panda enclosure(围场), covering a small cub(幼兽) named Bei Bei for National Geographic.

After the photographs of Bei Bei     3     (publish), my editor suggested I ask zoo administrators if I could return periodically     4     (document) the first year of the cub’s life. They said yes.

On that first day with Bei Bei, I felt a little thrill as a zoo staffer took me down a quiet path to the back of the panda enclosure     5     the panda’s keepers were waiting. They introduced     6     (they), handed me shoe coverings and a mask, and led me through a series of gates and     7     (eventual) to Bei Bei.

Soon I was making regular     8     (stop) at the zoo to record the baby panda’s transformation. My kids had never been     9     (interested) in my job than when I was on the Bei Bei beat. When I mentioned the project     10     friends and neighbors, they would light up in ways I’d never seen. It turned out that everyone loved pandas.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Over the past few years, the interest in exploring Mars has grown, with some important     1     (discovery) about it. They raise further questions about the past atmosphere of Mars and scientists ultimately want to know whether or not it was     2     (suit) for life.

Images taken by the European Space Agency’s Mars Express satellite show the marks that     3     ancient network of rivers left on the     4     (planet) surface. The valleys formed as they would on earth,     5     a strong flow of water carving its way through the landscape.

    6     is less clear is where the water came from. Due to a lack of knowledge about the past climate of Mars, scientists cannot tell whether it came from melting glaciers (冰川), groundwater     7     something unheard of, though some researchers are doubtful whether liquid water was responsible for the marks     8     (see) by the satellite. They say other materials such as sand or dust can flow like a liquid and produce similar results.

Mars formed more than 4.5 billion years ago and there is no liquid water on the surface of it today. But scientists generally believe it     9     (go) through an early wet and warm era that ended after 1.5 billion to 2.5 billion years,     10     (leave) the planet extremely dry and cold.

10 . Researchers from The University of Queensland(UQ)have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating language barriers among scientists. The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.

UQ’s Dr Pablo Negret said the research team analysed more than 10,000 bird species, and found that 1,587 species have 10 languages or more spoken within their distributions. “Scientific information on species can be spread across different languages, but valuable information can go missing or get lost in translation,” Dr Negret said. “Without enough sharing of information, this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”

Take the common bird Pochard for example. It is classified as vulnerable species(易危种)and crosses 108 countries in Europe, Asia and north Africa, where a total of 75 official languages are spoken. The survival of the common Pochard, and so many other species, depends on effective cooperation and policy agreements among people with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.

This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically, in relation to the language spoken in those regions. ”We hope the app will encourage researchers and conservation organisations to interact with their peers in other regions, especially if they speak different languages, and be a starting point to allow everyone to work together to protect threatened species,” Dr Negret said.

Dr Tatsuya Amano, a researcher and the co-author of the paper, said this work could extend further than bird species. “Any species, whether they’re mammals, amphibians(两栖动物), or plants, with a range crossing multiple countries will be impacted by language barriers, as well as species that migrate across different countries, such as marine species and butterflies,” he said. ”The significance of the impact of poor communication on such an important issue is evident, and is the reason why we’re working hard to improve science communication across languages.”

1. What does the underlined word “eliminating“ in paragraph 1 mean?

A．Giving in to.

B．Coming across.

C．Putting up with.

D．Breaking down.

2. What is the function of adequate sharing of information?

A．Ensuring the effectiveness of protective measures.

B．Helping people know more about scientists’ efforts.

C．Spreading knowledge of the diversity of birds worldwide.

D．Compromising the effectiveness of conservation measures.

3. What is shown on the app?

A．The producer of the app.	B．The organizations involved.
C．The location of endangered birds.	D．The information of new geographers.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Birds Protection Is an Urgency	B．A New Bird App Spreads Its Wings
C．A New Bird App Helps Learn Languages	D．Poor Communication Impacts Cooperation