1 . A young Dutch inventor is widening his effort to clean up floating plastic from the Pacific Ocean by moving into rivers, using his new floating machine to catch garbage before it reaches the seas.

On October 26, Boyan Slat presented his solar-powered device “Interceptor,” which removes plastic from rivers as it floats past.

“We need to close the tap, which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place,” he said, calling rivers “the arteries(动脉)that carry the trash from land to sea.” Experts say 9 million tons of plastic waste, including plastic bottles, bags, and toys, flows annually into the ocean from rivers and streams, endangering life in the oceans.

The machine has a shaped nose to block away larger floating waste like tree trunks. It works by guiding plastic waste into an opening in its bow, a conveyor belt(转送带)then carries the trash into the machine where it is dropped into waste containers. It sends a text message to local operators who can come and empty it when it’s full.

Three of the machines have already been put into practice in Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Malaysian government official lzham Hashim was present at the launch and said he was delighted to witness the project.

“It has been used for 2 months in the river and it’s doing very well.” Slat said. 1,000 rivers are responsible for some 80 percent of plastic pouring into the world’s oceans. “I want to settle them all in the next five years. This is not going to be easy, but imagine if we do get this done,” he told his enthusiastic supporters, “we’ll truly make our oceans clean again.”

Jan van Franeker of the Wageningen Marine Research Institute said the new machine looks promising. “They have finally moved toward the source of the litter,” he said in a telephone interview. “The design, from what I can see, is awesome.”

1. Why does the author quote Slat and experts’ words in paragraph 3?

A．To stress the importance of rivers.

B．To prove the severity of the pollution.

C．To show their insight into the problem.

D．To explain the background of the invention.

2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The responsibility of the operator.

B．The function of the conveyor belt.

C．The working principle of the device.

D．The critical role of the shaped nose.

3. Which of the following words best describe Slat?

A．Ambitious and innovative.	B．Optimistic and humorous.
C．Confident and honest.	D．Talented and proud.

4. What does Franeker think of the new machine?

A．It takes time to improve.

B．It has a bright future.

C．Its design is disappointing.

D．Its appearance is attractive.

2 . Money Daniels spends several hours every week cleaning up cans and bottles in the rivers near his home with other teen environmentalists in Chattanooga, TN. Together, they have collected more than 1 ton of aluminum cans, nearly 1,000 cans a week for a year. In January, he co-founded a club called the Cleanup Kids with his best friend. The project’s mission: to encourage kids to pick up 1 million pounds of trash across the globe before the end of the year.

Daniels says he first developed a passion for wildlife when he was 3. “As far back as I can remember, I’ve always loved animals,” Daniels says. Marine life especially interests him. When he began discovering trash on walks along the river with his family, he immediately thought of his favorite sea creatures.

His mission now is saving the earth’s rivers, which he points out are even more polluted than the world’s oceans. “Eighty percent of the ocean’s trash comes from rivers,” he says. In 2019, he adopted the name Conservation Kid on Instagram, and started posting about things like how something as simple as a deserted face mask can entangle (缠住), choke, and kill turtles, birds, and fish. Mask waste has increased an estimated 9,000% since the pandemic(疫情) began.

Although he mostly speaks to other teens, Daniels has found that adults are often persuaded by his argument that cleaning up, recycling, and ridding plastic ought to be a selfish act for humanity: when plastics break down, they can wind up in our drinking water. He has met with the mayor of his city, and his experiences speaking with influential grownups has convinced him that adults can change their habits.

But, in truth, the burden to save the planet has landed on children like him. “Kids may be a small percent of the population, but we’re 100% of the future,” he says. “And we can save the world.”

1. What led to the birth of Daniel’s project?

A．The inspiration from his best friend.

B．The goal to make a role model for kids.

C．The concern for the ocean life.

D．The idea of other teen environmentalists.

2. Which can be inferred from paragraph 3?

A．The ocean’s trash has grown rapidly.

B．The river pollution requires less attention.

C．Many animals are infected in the pandemic.

D．River waste contributes most to the ocean’s trash.

3. Which of the following can best describe Money Daniels?

A．Optimistic and creative.

B．Caring and responsible.

C．Considerate and generous.

D．Courageous and devoted.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Grownups’ selfish behaviors for humanity.

B．A teenager’s contributions to saving the waters.

C．A youngster’s responsibility to protect the world.

D．Teen environmentalists’ efforts to clean the oceans.

3 . When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.

After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.

The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.

He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.

Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.

“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”

1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?

A．He was fond of traveling.	B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.	D．He longed to be a doctor.

2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?

A．To feed the animals.	B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.	D．To test the eco-machine.

3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?

A．To review John’s research plans.	B．To show an application of John’s idea.
C．To compare John’s different jobs.	D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.

4. What is the basis for John’s work?

A．Nature can repair itself.	B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.	D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.

4 . Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.     1    , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.

What are indoor plants?

Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.     2    .

Why are indoor plants good for you?

Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “    3    . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.     4    .

Which plants can you grow?

Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “    5    ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”

A．All plants are different

B．Not only do they look beautiful

C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors

D．Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer

E．Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best

F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help

G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding

5 . Forfar Marine (海洋的) Science Program

Live on beachfront property, study on the clear Caribbean waters, and earn your certifications during a marine science program through the nonprofit International Field Studies (IFS). Forfar Field Station, located on Andros, Bahamas, has been home to unique field study experiences for students since 1970 and IFS is happy to use the past 50 years of experience to support our program designed to give young adults a professional and academic experience of a lifetime. Students will join in lecture-based activities and journeys throughout the island as they explore the wonders of Andros.

Program Overview

Our program will allow students to conduct real-life marine-based field studies with an introduction to ecotourism and the Bahamian culture. We will also explore how climate change is specifically affecting the ecosystem on the island. Students will take classes from our qualified staff of Environmental Educators and Certified Instructors while enjoying hands-on labs and exploring the ocean, blue holes, and unique island ecology of Andros. As a recent college graduate or post-high school student taking a gap year, this experience is sure to help you stand out as you start your career path.

Program Details

Ages: 18 — 24 years old

Length: about 6 weeks

 Fall Group: October 27 — December 5, 2022

Application Deadline Extended: September 27th

 Winter Group: January 17 — February 25, 2023

Application Deadline Extended: October 31st

 Summer Group (shortened program): May 30 — July 1, 2023

Application Deadline Extended: February 20th

Pricing:

 Fall/Winter Groups: $5,500

 Summer Group: $4,700

 Discounted rates for Bahamian residents available. Please note interest on your application.

Focus: Marine Science, Coastal Ecotourism, Island Ecology, Climate Change, Diving, and Sea Kayaking.

Certifications you’ll receive: PADI Open Water Diver, PADI Advanced Open Water Diver PADI Rescue Diver, etc. (PADI is the world’s leading scuba diver training organization.)

1. When may you submit an application if you are interested in Fall Group?

A．On September 15th, 2022.	B．On September 30th, 2022.
C．On October 1st, 2022.	D．On October 10th, 2022.

2. How will the program benefit students?

A．They may become a member of staff at PADI.

B．They may go on a free tour on the Bahamas.

C．They will get diving-related certificates.

D．They will be paid very well.

3. What can be learned about the program?

A．It lasts for six weeks in each season.	B．It takes place on Andros, Bahamas.
C．It is open to primary school students.	D．It features marine and food science.

6 . The impact of the man-made climate crisis on Antarctica is scientifically undeniable: stable ice shelves are retreating, air temperature increased by 3 degrees Celsius. krill(磷虾)numbers are declining, melting ice is contributing to sea level rise, and polar bears and seals are getting displaced. “Antarctic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual.” Jasmine Rachael Lee, lead author of the University of Queensland study says.

Published in the journal PLOS Biology, the study finds population declines are likely for 65% of the continent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100. The most vulnerable(脆弱的)species is the Emperor penguins. In October 2022, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed Emperor penguins as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act(ESA), as experts predict the flightless seabird will see a 26% to 47% dip in its population by 2050. “This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible(不可逆转).” said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.

Aside from Emperor penguins, other Antarctic specialists, like the Adélie penguin and dry soil nematodes, were also highly vulnerable. We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic species. Global action and global voices to help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat to Antarctica is coming from outside of it. And then we need local actions to help protect biodiversity against local threats and give them the best chance of adapting to climate changes. This will help to save our iconic(代表性的)species like the Emperor penguins and all of Antarctica’s unique and highly adapted inhabitants. It will also help humankind, as we rely heavily on the priceless services the Antarctic provides in regulating our climate and capturing sea level in its ice sheets.

1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?

A．The impact of climate crisis is usually denied.

B．Conservation efforts are badly needed.

C．Air temperature on Antarctic increases 3℃ annually.

D．Sea level rise results in seabirds losing their habitats.

2. Why is the Emperor penguin mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A．To serve as a call to protect wildlife on Antarctic

B．To reflect the growing population of wild species.

C．To prove the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act.

D．To highlight the severe impact of rising temperature.

3. What is probably the best conservation policy?

A．Reducing the chances of making a trip to Antarctic.

B．Making joint efforts to relieve climate change.

C．Attempting to provide essential nutrients to the ecosystem.

D．Continuing to carry forward the Endangered Species Act.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Plants and Wildlife on Antarctica Will Decline Quickly

B．Antarctic Species Are Vulnerable to Human Threats

C．More Action Should Be Taken to Protect Wildlife on Antarctica

D．The Best Conservation Strategy Will Be Carried Out Soon

7 . Recycling is a great way of doing your bit for the environment and helping to protect the earth’s precious resources. However, a new study has revealed that our desire to be sustainable maybe doing more harm than good. According to waste company Biffa, this is because of “wish-cycling” — assuming that items such as disposable coffee cup sand pizza boxes will be recycled if put in the recycling bin. In fact, pollution from those items or other non-recyclables can result in recyclable items that have been put in the correct bin going to landfill. David Heaton, a business director at Biffa, said: “Pollution happens when items are disposed of in the wrong bins or haven’t been cleaned before being recycled.”

Experts at Biffa analyzed the amounts of non-target and non-recyclable materials that entered UK material recycling facilities between 2016 and 2020. It was found that, in 2016, the average pollution rate of recycling waste was 13.4 percent, rising over four years to 17 percent by the end of 2020. This shows that, even as people are becoming more eco-conscious, wish-cycling is increasing both in households and businesses.

The Biffa experts say that one of the best ways to prevent pollution of recycling is to clean recyclable waste before putting it in the bin. They suggest cutting off the top of old pizza boxes and only recycling that part to avoid pollution from the grease (油脂). Check the on-packaging recycling label to check it can actually be recycled When it comes to plastics, Biffa recommends checking the resin code, the number in the plastic triangle, to know whether it should go in the recycling bin. In general, resin codes 1, 2, 4 and 5 are recyclable, while 3, 6 and 7 are not. Larger items, like electronics, furniture and batteries, can also be recycled but often can not go in household recycling bins as they need specialist separating. These will need to be taken to recycling centers or sustainable waste management companies.

“It’s vital as a nation that we get better at effective ‘pre-cycling’— sorting waste correctly before collection to reduce pollution rates,” added Mr. Heaton.

1. What’s the truth of “wish-cycling” according to the first paragraph?

A．The desire to lead a sustainable life.

B．The good intention to help recycling.

C．The habit of throwing items that end up in landfills.

D．The practice of recycling items that can not be recycled.

2. What has experts at Biffa concluded after their analysis?

A．People are becoming more eco-conscious.

B．Wish-cycling is on the rise in recent years.

C．Pollution happens less frequently in recycling facilities.

D．People are used to cleaning recyclable waste before putting it in the bin.

3. Which of the following is a proper way of recycling?

A．Dispose of electronics together with household waste.

B．Skip the step of checking the on-packaging recycling label.

C．Check the resin code of plastics to see whether it is recyclable or not.

D．Cutoff the top of old pizza box and throw the rest to the recycling bin.

4. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A．Recycling: a Big Project	B．Wish-cycling: a New Trend
C．Wish-cycling: a Growing Concern	D．Pre-cycling: an Effective Method

8 . Fish genetically engineered to glow blue, green, or red under blacklight have been a big hit among aquarium lovers for years. But the fluorescent (发荧光的) pet is not restricted to glass displays anymore. The red-and-green-glowing versions, more vivid than normal zebrafish even in natural light, have escaped fish farms in southeastern Brazil and are multiplying (繁殖) in creeks in the Atlantic Forest, a new study shows. It is a rare example of a transgenic animal accidentally becoming established in nature, and a concern for biologists, who worry the transgenic fish could threaten the local fauna (动物群) in one of the most bio-diverse spots on the planet.

In the 2000s, companies saw the potential of the fish as pets. Trademarked as Glofish, they became the world’s first genetically engineered species to be commercially available. Now, they are one of the first to escape and thrive in nature. Early on, environmentalists worried about the possibility, and Glofish sales were banned in some U. S. states such as California and several countries-including Brazil. In 2014, a single Glofish was spotted in canals of Florida. But it had not multiplied, probably because native predators such as the eastern mosquitofish and the largemouth bass ate the intruder, said the biologist who spotted the fish, Quenton Tuckett. Unlike Florida, Glofish thrived in the Brazilian creeks. In 2017 he and colleagues began to survey five creeks in three cities, finding transgenic zebrafish in all of them.

The Glofish are reproducing all year round, with a peak during the rainy season — just as native zebrafish do in Asia. But the transgenic fish seem to achieve sexual maturity earlier than their forebears, which allows them to reproduce more and spread faster. The invaders are also eating well: a diversified diet of native insects, algae, and zooplankton.

Despite Brazil’s ban on sales of the fish, stores all over the country sell them as pets. They may soon colonize other parts of the country. Tuckett says it should be “a wake-up call”. For now, the glowing fish “could be considered little weeds growing up out of the concrete”, Tuckett says, but points out that even little weeds can grow to cause a lot of damage.

1. What is the concern of the biologists?

A．The ecological impacts are unpredictable.

B．The transgenic fish could do harm to the local animals.

C．The transgenic fish accidentally became established in nature.

D．The transgenic fish are more vivid than normal zebrafish in natural light.

2. According to paragraph 2, what can be inferred about Glofish?

A．They were kept as pets before the 2000s.

B．They were prohibited from sales throughout the U. S.

C．They didn’t thrive in Florida probably due to the local enemies.

D．They were found in all of the Brazilian creeks in 2017.

3. What does the underlined phrase “The invaders” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The Glofish.	B．The native zebrafish.
C．The largemouth bass.	D．The eastern mosquitofish.

4. What is Tuckett’s attitude towards Glofish?

A．Indifferent.	B．Ambiguous.
C．Cautious.	D．Supportive.

9 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I must admit, I haven’t always liked animals. In fact, I distrusted them greatly while growing up, and I still fear the ones I don’t know personally. What set my beliefs in stone was being attacked—not once but many times, including the summer after second grade when I was bitten by a rabbit. Then, when I was nine and riding my dirt bike down the road, a large dog charged me and tried to bite my ankle. After all those negative experiences, there was one thing I knew for sure: All creatures, great and small, were no friends of mine.

After college in California, I returned to live the single life in Las Vega. Then I met Lisa. In no time at all, we fell in love, married and moved into a new house. Despite my avoidance of animals, Lisa had a dog called Bailey. Bailey didn’t like me, but he tolerated my existence once he realized I wasn’t going anywhere.

Things changed as spring came. We welcomed a new member of our family: our son Evan. One evening Evan grabbed hold of the dog’s tail. The irritated dog paused and turned to look at his stuck tail but waited patiently until being released. Still the stories I’d heard of animals attacking babies worries me.

Then my worst fear occurred. I sat on the couch (沙发) reading after a long day while my wife worked at the dining-room table paying the bills. I saw Evan crawl across the family-room carpet as he made his way behind the couch. One minute, all was quiet and then Bailey entered the room and headed to where Evan had crawled. I nearly jumped out of my skin when I heard the dog start a fearful barking behind me.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Throwing the book away, I rushed around the couch with great fear.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Having witnessed our dog killing a scorpion (蝎子) and saving my son, I was speechless.

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10 . The rhino census (犀牛普查) is out, bearing good news for the greater one-horned rhinos! In September, 2022, the International Rhino Foundation (IRF) documented in a report that there is a baby boom in this population, representing an increase of 167 percent.

According to the report, there are a total of 4,014 greater one-horned rhinos living in India, Nepal, and Bhutan. Although this is positive news, their IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) status still remains vulnerable.

In India alone, the home to 70 percent of the world’s greater one-horned rhinos, there was an increase of 274 rhinos since the last biannual census, according to the organization Rhino Review.

An important reason for this baby boom is the fact that Assam, India, has enlarged Kaziringo National Park, home to the world’s largest one-horned rhino population. The park went from 430 square kilometers to 1,040 square kilometers. This gives more breeding areas for the rhinos, and they are closed to visitors during breeding season.

India and Nepal are also protecting the rhinos by enforcing wildlife crime laws. To reduce rhino death by poaching (偷猎), the IRF donates vehicles and equipment, plus education including guard training and crime investigation.

The IRF data for other rhino species is not as promising, although the greater one-horned rhino numbers are encouraging for future conservation. According to the report, there is a decline in Sumatran rhinos, Africa’s white rhinos, while the Javan rhino population is stable and threatened by loss of habitat.

The State of the Rhino report offers hope for these other species. Given that the greater one-horned things were once close to extinction, with fewer than 100 living in the world, their recovery is incredible. This demonstrates that there are solutions when organizations and people work together. Let us hope that this successful rhino baby boom will affect other endangered wildlife species around the globe.

1. What contributes to the baby boon of one-horned rhinos in Assam, India?

A．Extending the protected areas for rhinos.

B．Raising fund to set up more reserves for rhinos.

C．Leaving the one-horned rhinos alone in the wild.

D．Keeping visitors away from the Kaziringo National Park.

2. How does IRF help protect the one-horned rhinos?

A．By cooperating with other organizations.

B．By enhancing anti-poaching efforts.

C．By transferring the rhinos to other habitats.

D．By guarding the rhinos with new equipment.

3. What can we learn from the rhino report?

A．Rhinos are no longer a vulnerable species.

B．Rhinos will affect other wildlife in the world.

C．Everyone can play a role in protecting nature.

D．It is possible to protect other endangered species.

4. What is the purpose of this text?

A．To inform good news on the greater one-horned rhinos.

B．To show the measures taken to protect the one-horned rhinos.

C．To introduce an endangered species—the greater one-horned rhinos.

D．To indicate the decline of other species of rhino population.