| approve of be highly regarded the majority of affect put it another way |
2.
3. His work
4. Your opinion will not
5. Let me
| stimulate pursue contribute gain knowledge expose oneself to |
1. It’s important to
2. Honesty and hard work
3. You can’t
4. We can
5. Everyone has the freedom to
| be eager to be enthusiastic about breakthrough precious apparent |
2. A family break allows you to spend
3. Don’t worry, all the people around
4. His
5. Scientists have made a
New research into EQ and IQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ. While your IQ tells you
I remember Graham was very difficult before he came into my class. I had heard stories about his bad behavior. Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage! But when he got interested, he changed. The first day he walked into my class, he
It happened early on a Friday morning. Tina, a sixteen-year-old girl came to school as usual. But when she entered the classroom, she
A few days ago, I went out for a dinner get-together with some friends. My best friend left the table for 30
Most people believe when they are living
6 . Chinese scientists recently achieved precise total synthesis (合成) of sugar from carbon dioxide in the laboratory, marking a crucial step in artificial sugar synthesis.
The synthesis, which took more than two years to realize, was achieved by teams from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology and the academy’s Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics. Their research was published last week in a paper in Chinese Science Bulletin, a multidisciplinary academic journal.
Sugar is a major source of energy for the human body and a key raw material for industrial production, and it is mainly obtained by extracting it from crops such as sugar cane. However, the traditional method of extraction is limited by the energy conversion efficiency of plant photosynthesis. Moreover, the process of extracting sugar has been affected by uncertain raw material supplies due to land degradation and shortages, ecosystem degradation and extreme weather and natural disasters caused by global warming.
As a result, artificial sugar synthesis has been continually studied by the scientific community in recent years, and scientists around the world have contributed to the effort. In their latest research, the Chinese scientists adjusted high-concentration carbon dioxide and other raw materials in the reaction solution. With the help of chemical catalysts and enzyme (酶) catalysts, they obtained four kinds of sugars: glucose, allulose, tagatose and mannose.
The experiment lasted about 17 hours, much shorter than the time required for traditional methods of sugar extraction, according to Yang Jiangang, lead author of the paper and associate researcher at the Tianjin institute.
The efficiency of sugar synthesis in this study was 0.67 grams per liter per hour, which was more than 10 times higher than the previous results achieved by scientists worldwide. Yang said that the carbon dioxide to sugar conversion rate of glucose reached 59.8 nanomoles of carbon per milligram of catalyst per minute. This is the highest level of artificial sugar production known domestically and internationally.
The study also achieved precise control of artificial sugar synthesis. “By controlling the varied catalytic effects of different enzymes, theoretically almost any type of sugar can be synthesized,” Yang said. Regarding the study, Manfred Reetz, a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, said it is a particularly challenging task to convert carbon dioxide into sugars.
The achievement by Chinese scientists has provided a flexible, multifunctional and efficient sugar synthesis route, which opens a door for green chemistry, Reetz said. Green chemistry, similar to sustainable chemistry, is a rapidly developing field that focuses on how to fully utilize raw materials and energy in the process of producing the intended product while minimizing or eliminating the use and generation of harmful substances.
Carbon dioxide to sugar conversion is seen as an example of green chemistry, since it was conducted under normal temperature and pressure conditions and did not yield any harmful substances.
1. Why do scientists keep studying artificial sugar synthesis?| A．Because sugar is an essential energy source for industrial production. |
| B．Because the traditional extraction approach is not environmentally friendly. |
| C．Because raw material supply is unreliable in the process of traditional sugar extraction. |
| D．Because the traditional extraction approach is less productive than plant photosynthesis. |
| A．It synthesized almost all types of sugar in the laboratory. |
| B．It controlled varied catalytic effects of different enzymes. |
| C．It converted high-concentration carbon dioxide into sugar. |
| D．It lasted 17 hours, shorter than previous traditional methods. |
| A．Green chemistry helped use up all raw materials to generate more products. |
| B．Carbon dioxide to sugar conversion will be used in industrial production soon. |
| C．Green chemistry is a new field where Chinese scientists will put more efforts on. |
| D．Carbon dioxide to sugar conversion will take up all sugar production due to its efficiency. |
Driving to Palm Springs two years ago, I met a snowstorm. A car suddenly changed the direction
8 . The story of Jennifer Bricker is one of the most amazing story, which is full of both great surprises and life lessons.
Jennifer was born in Romania without any legs. She was later
The Brickers never let this
The girl was
But it was tumbling (翻腾运动) that was her true love. When she was a little girl, she was a big
As she grew older Jennifer began
If her story was not amazing enough already, when Jennifer turned 16, she got the most
| A．adopted | B．injured | C．sold | D．seen |
| A．disability | B．gift | C．excuse | D．failure |
| A．signed up | B．brought up | C．put up | D．kept up |
| A．roles | B．instruments | C．sports | D．tricks |
| A．audience | B．athlete | C．member | D．fan |
| A．performed | B．appeared | C．hosted | D．challenged |
| A．competing | B．fighting | C．acting | D．going |
| A．pity | B．topic | C．challenge | D．success |
| A．disturbing | B．popular | C．unbelievable | D．reliable |
| A．fluent | B．loud | C．silent | D．inspiring |
Last year, I baked biscuits for complete strangers to say “thank you”. I’d had to call 999 because I found my husband unconscious on the floor. Within minutes, a police car arrived and soon my husband received medical care in hospital.
A week later, when I dropped off still-warm biscuits and presented a thank-you note at the police station, the policemen thanked me for delivering gifts.
I drove away feeling light and happy. Later, I realized that my natural high might have been more than it seemed.Research has shown that sharing gratitude has positive effects on health. People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure and get better sleep.
What about people who receive gratitude?Research has confirmed that when people receive thanks, they experience positive emotions.“Those are happy surprises,”says Jo-Ann Tsang, a professor of psychology. When someone is thanked,he’s more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and his chances of being helpful again doubles, probably because he enjoys feeling socially valued.
The give-and-take of gratitude also deepens relationships. Studies show that when your loved ones regularly express gratitude,making you feel appreciated,you’re more likely to return appreciative feelings, which leads to more satisfactory in your relationships.
Nowadays,however,many people don’t express gratitude. Our modern lifestyle may be to blame. With commercial and social media, everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they’re the center of the world. If it’s all about them, why thank others?
Why not thank others? Just take a look at how many positive effects can saying “thank you”have on personal health—and the well-being of others.
If you aren’t particularly grateful, I strongly suggest you learn to be.People who are instructed to keep gratitude journals,in which they write down positive things that happen to them,cultivate gratitude over time.
1. What health benefits can people gain from expressing gratitude?2. How do people probably respond when they receive gratitude and feel socially valued?
3. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
▷ Saying “thank-you”improves relationships,but nowadays some young people don’t want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.
4. If possible, who would you like to express gratitude to most? Why? (In about 40 words)
Read what Sarah writes in reply to Paul.
1. What problem does Paul have?
| A．He worries about his career life. | B．He considers himself not creative. |
| C．He has difficulty understanding things. | D．He will fail his course however hard he works. |
| A．She doesn’t get why Paul is afraid. |
| B．She believes each question has the right answer. |
| C．She thinks people should often reflect on their ideas. |
| D．She thinks people should think freely without fear of judgement. |
| A．Paul and Sarah are strangers | B．Paul and Sarah have the same idea |
| C．Paul and Sarah are college classmates | D．Paul and Sarah are from the same place |
