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Alle Pierce knows how to plan a holiday. A few months ahead of time, she constructs a spreadsheet of what she wants to do and see. She examines the menus of restaurants she is planning to visit. She uses a picture of the destination as her phone’s locked screen image and downloads a countdown app. “What’s so exciting about a trip is the anticipation before it,” says Pierce, founder of a luxury travel company.
Experts stay she is right. Recent studies suggest that hoping for something boosts your mood and lowers your stress. “Imagining good things ahead of us can increase motivation, optimism and patience,” says Simon Rego, a psychologist from New York.
Of course we can’t just book a flight every time we need a little cheering up or feel low. But there are ways to incorporate the power of anticipation into your everyday life.
Get excited about little things. Write down one thing you’re excited for tomorrow. Maybe it’s a new book, or a package you’re expecting. The collection of these mini thrills means you will still gain the benefits of looking forward to something. Plus, with the nearer stuff, there’s more of a sense that it’s going to happen for sure.
Remember that anxiety and anticipation can coexist. “The dark side of positive anticipation is anticipatory anxiety. Anxiety and excitement are sister emotions,” says Christian Waugh, a psychology professor from North Carolina. But it is harmful only when you just focus on the anxiety part and ignore the excitement part. The key is acknowledging the happy, positive aspect of what you are doing, along with the nervous feelings. When you consider anxious things as exciting, it actually makes you feel better about them.
Connect with your future self. Research has shown feeling as if you are on a path to your future self can have a positive effect on your well-being by getting you out of short-term thinking. Thinking ahead may help you prioritize your goal and move toward it. As you start seeing progress, you will look forward to doing the things that get you closer to your future self.
In short, to enjoy life more, embrace anticipation. It’s worth waiting for.
1. What makes a trip exciting according to Alle Pierce?2. How does hoping for something benefit us?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the research, connecting with your future self can have a negative effect on your well-being.
4. Please give an example to show how you can incorporate the power of anticipation into your daily life. (In about 40 words)
4 . An AI model can be used to detect stress in office workers based on how they use their mouse and keyboard. A new study suggests that a machine-learning model using these two elements was more accurate at detecting stress in people than a model that tracked their heart-rate data.
“We saw that the models that just used the mouse and keyboard data performed better than the models that had the heart-rate data in it,” says Mart Naegelin. a Ph. D. student at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and one of the study’s authors.
Naegelin and her fellow researchers used machine-learning models to analyze data on keyboard-typing activity, mouse movements and heart-rate data. They also studied the data of a combination of two or all three of these elements to determine which performed best in terms of measuring stress. They found that the model trained on mouse and keyboard data performed better than the model that used mouse, keyboard and heart rates. Of the single-modality (形态) models, the heart-rate data performed the worst. “The test was conducted in an environment that simulated an office environment, so the results still need to be confirmed in real-life scenarios (情况),” Naegelin says.
In the experiment, participants were divided into three groups. A control group carried out assigned tasks, such as planning meetings and collecting data, with no additional work. A second group at times answered questions from managers in person in a mock interview scenario while completing other assigned tasks. And members of a third group were, at certain points, interrupted with additional questions sent through an online chat on top of tasks assigned to other groups. At regular intervals during the experiment, participants were asked to rate their stress levels through a computer questionnaire.
Researchers learned that workers made longer, less accurate movements with their mouse, as well as more typing errors, when they were stressed. Shorter, more direct movements with the mouse were tied to lower stress levels. The study didn’t focus on why increased levels of stress are thought to affect muscle activity.
The researchers say they believe a stress-detection system that logs keyboard and mouse movements might be beneficial as a self-help tool for employees alongside other initiatives to improve workplace mental health. But employee participation would need to be optional and based on informed consent (同意), and companies would need to commit to protecting user privacy.
It remains to be seen how this technology will evolve and be adopted in practice, but the potential for AI to contribute positively to employee well-being is an appealing avenue for future exploration.
1. What do we know from Naegelin’s study?| A．Heart-rate data has little connection with stress. |
| B．Mouse and keyboard data proves effective in stress detection. |
| C．Mouse data performs worst in measuring stress among all models. |
| D．Using more elements in a model increases accuracy in stress detection. |
| A．The research process. | B．The research findings. |
| C．The research purpose. | D．The research background. |
| A．AI models based on mouse and keyboard data have been widely applied. |
| B．Naegelin’s study explains why muscle activity can affect stress levels. |
| C．Employers need to respect employees’ privacy while detecting stress. |
| D．A stress-detection system improves physical health at the workplace. |
| A．To introduce a new model to detect stress. |
| B．To compare different models in stress detection. |
| C．To show the disadvantages of being overstressed. |
| D．To state the importance of a stress-detection system. |
When I was an undergraduate student studying ecology, I was used to discovering overall trends in large amounts of data. The thought of getting my hands dirty in the field never seemed interesting to me. I saw it as a boring and repetitive task. But I knew potential graduate schools would likely view my lack of field experience as a hole in my application letter. My mother also thought I should work for a few years to explore my interests before pursuing further education. So I decided to apply for field-based summer positions after graduation.
After landing a job assessing the sage grouse habitat in Utah, I found myself in the company of Sherel, a 75-year-old botanist and the leader of our field crew. On the very first day of the fieldwork, I noticed a special plant on the field. “Wonderful! Looks like you’ve got a Mahonia repens,” Sherel shouted excitedly. I gently touched the plant with yellow flowers by my feet, “This one here? How can you tell it’s a Mahonia?” He paused briefly to admire the plant and then began his energetic description of the plant’s typical features. That evening, while we were watching the sunset together, I texted my childhood friend. “Day I was actually kind of fun,” I started, “but we’ll see how long it takes before I get bored from just identifying plants in the field all day.”
But as the weeks of fieldwork rolled by, the boredom I had expected never arrived. I came home from the field each night with sore legs and a sunburned neck, excited by the day’s finds. By picking Sherel’s brain about different species of animals and plants, I discovered field days are about much more than identification. Each day is an opportunity to learn a little bit more. When the summer was over, I found myself in another field job, this time surveying forest in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.
I’m now a third-year Ph. D. student in ecology. Fieldwork may be buggy, wet, and physically demanding, but working with others helps keep spirits high and the physical activity helps me stay sharp. And it constantly reminds me that any task can present an opportunity to learn — as long as I am open to it.
1. Why did the author join the fieldwork in Utah?| A．To find out overall trends in data. | B．To assess the sage grouse habitat. |
| C．To improve his application letter. | D．To realize his mother’s dream. |
| A．argued with Sherel | B．complained to his friend |
| C．became a leader of his group | D．discovered a Mahonia repens |
| A．Easy but interesting. | B．Boring but fruitful. |
| C．Tiring but meaningful. | D．Repetitive but demanding. |
| A．We should explore fun in daily tasks. | B．We should be open to new experiences. |
| C．We should respect the people around us. | D．We should be determined about our goals. |
8 . Frozen in time, a 125-million-year-old mammal attacking a dinosaur. A 39-million-year-old whale, the heaviest animal that ever lived. The oldest known jellyfish, from 505 million years ago. Paleontology (古生物学) produces newsworthy discoveries.
Fossils (化石), moreover, provide direct evidence for the long history of life, allowing paleontologists to test hypotheses (假设) about evolution with data only they provide. They allow investigation of present and past life on Earth. Flows of biological diversity, appearances of new life forms and the extinctions of long existing ones, would go undiscovered without these efforts. But the headlines over exciting new fossils greatly underestimate the true importance of paleontology. Its real significance lies in how such discoveries brighten the grand history of life on Earth. From its beginnings, more than three billion years ago, to the present day, fossils record how life adapted or disappeared in the face of major environmental challenges.
Paleontologists provide us with a unique vantage on modern climate change. They play an essential role in interpreting ancient environments, in reconstructing ancient oceans, continents and climates. Fossils provide key limitation on the climate models that are essential for predicting future climate change. And the fossil record gives important insights into how life will respond to predicted future climate conditions, because these have occurred before in Earth’s history.
In addition, paleontology has provided a fundamental contribution to human thought: the reality of species extinction and thus of a world that has dramatically changed over time. In documenting the history of life, paleontologists recognized that many extinction episodes could occur suddenly, such as the event 66 million years ago that ended the dinosaurs. The search for the causes of past mass extinctions started pioneering studies from across the scientific spectrum (科学界), focusing on potential future threats to humanity.
Not only do paleontologists know what happens to life when things go bad, they also know how long it takes for ecosystems and biodiversity to recover from these disasters, which can take far longer than modern humans have existed.
Paleontologists thus provide a unique perspective on the nature and future long-term ecological impact of the current human-produced biodiversity crisis, the so-called Sixth Extinction, and therefore the importance of protecting modern biodiversity. The very concept of a Sixth Extinction would not exist without paleontologists documenting the first five.
Paleontologists know that understanding life’s past is critical to anticipating and adapting to life’s and humanity’s future. Paleontology is important because it brings its unique and critical perspective to current challenges in climate change, biodiversity loss and the environment. Paleontologists can predict the future because they know the past.
1. The first two paragraphs are written to _______.| A．describe an event | B．raise a question |
| C．present an opinion | D．make a comparison |
| A．A positive effect. | B．A valuable suggestion. |
| C．A quick decision. | D．A comprehensive view. |
| A．Ecological recovery takes shorter than imagined. |
| B．Past lessons can help to predict the future threats. |
| C．Paleontologists can handle the biodiversity crisis. |
| D．Fossil studies focus on the causes of mass extinctions. |
| A．Paleontology: A Pioneering Study |
| B．Paleontology: A History Recorder |
| C．Paleontology Tells More About Nature Than Humans |
| D．Paleontology Is Far More Than New Fossil Discoveries |
9 . Regeneron Science Talent Search (Regeneron STS) is the oldest and most important science research competition for high school students all over the nation. Started in 1942, Regeneron STS recognizes and empowers most promising young scientists. Each year, nearly 2,000 students enter Regeneron STS. The competition awards 300 student scholars and their schools annually and invites 40 student finalists to Washington, D. C. to participate in final judging. Regeneron STS provides an important platform for their original research which is examined and reviewed by professional scientists.
What are the requirements?●Applicants must be over 13 years of age and have legal parental permission to submit (提交) the application and participate, or be 18 years of age or older;
●Applicants must complete individual research projects to enter Regeneron STS. Research conducted as part of a pre-collegiate student team project is not qualified for Regeneron STS;
●Applicants must submit application package through our online system, and must not have entered any previous Regeneron STS.
What are the core components of an application?●Essays, short answer responses, activities and basic information;
●Scientific Research Report (maximum 20-page research paper about one of the applicant’s original research projects);
●Recommendations submitted by adults;
●Test Scores (optional).
What could the applicants win?●PARTICIPATION AWARDS: All competitors will receive a T-shirt, laptop stickers, and a free one-year subscription to Science News magazine.
●SCHOLAR AWARDS: Each of the 300 scholars will receive a $2,000award.
●SCHOOL AWARDS: The schools of each scholar will receive $2,000 per scholar. The award is intended to contribute to excellence in science, math and/or engineering education at the school.
●FINALIST AWARDS: Judges select 40 finalists from among the scholars. In addition to an all-expense-paid trip to Washington, D. C., finalists receive a minimum award of $25,000.
1. From Paragraph 1, we know that Regeneron STS ________.| A．was started before the 1940s |
| B．recognizes 40 scholars every year |
| C．is a platform for professional scientists |
| D．is a nationwide science research competition |
| A．be over 18 years old |
| B．submit applications online |
| C．have entered Regeneron STS before |
| D．have completed the research for a team project |
| A．Each finalist. | B．Each participant. |
| C．Each scholar. | D．Each of the scholars’ school. |
10 . 
It was a Sunday afternoon in May. Paul Blachut was busy working at a restaurant in scenic Augsburg, Germany. Many tourists came for food at the pretty place beside the river, where the meltwater was cold at this time of year.
A mother and her daughter were
Blachut heard the sudden shout, “Two women are drowning in the river!” Then he hurried to the
As Blachut got closer to them, he could
Several onlookers expressed their
| A．enjoying | B．buying | C．drinking | D．pouring |
| A．slowly | B．naturally | C．fortunately | D．suddenly |
| A．pool | B．restaurant | C．shore | D．tube |
| A．stopped | B．raced | C．wandered | D．worked |
| A．Without | B．Despite | C．Besides | D．For |
| A．put away | B．tried on | C．took off | D．hung up |
| A．helpless | B．dangerous | C．calm | D．busy |
| A．share | B．express | C．respond | D．tell |
| A．mentioned | B．recalled | C．rent | D．shot |
| A．pretty | B．soft | C．heavy | D．strong |
| A．schedule | B．task | C．message | D．plan |
| A．pushing | B．flying | C．rolling | D．pulling |
| A．wave | B．clap | C．grasp | D．shake |
| A．surprise | B．admiration | C．happiness | D．hope |
| A．curious | B．careful | C．passionate | D．modest |
