2 . 2023年 12 月 22日，第78 届联合国大会协商一致通过决议，将春节(农历新年)确定为联合国假日。作为一名中国青少年，请你以网民 Millennium Dragon 的名义，在联合国网站该主题论坛上发表个人观点。内容包括：
1.个人感受和对春节的理解；
2.推广春节的意义。
注意：
1.写作词数 80 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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——Millennium Dragon

3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“Daisy?”   Mom stood at the door of my bedroom.

“Yes, mom.”

“Your grandma doesn't feel well. I am taking her to the hospital. It will take long,   I'm afraid. Take care of your twin brothers, will you?”

Still in bed, I gave an “OK”   gesture. I got out of bed, washed my face and began to prepare breakfast. Dad called in the middle, saying he had an important meeting today and couldn’t make it home early. Oh, fine! I thought I could manage it all by myself.

After all, I kept babysitting them after my twin brothers were born. Now that the summer vacation had just started, I had a lot of free time. Later, I woke up Tim and Toby, and put fried eggs, sausages, and milk in front of them. Alas! 7-year-olds,especially boys, could never keep quiet. But I usually didn't shout as long as they finally emptied their plates. I was learning to be patient as a big sister.

After they finished, I began cleaning the big mess while they ran loose, chasing and shouting. I was sure it was going to be exhausting today. Well, everything turned out to be okay in the morning. I read them stories and they played video games for a while. However, in the afternoon when they got bored, they lay on the so fa watching cartoons. Tim spoke first, “I am hungry and want a burger.” And then Toby followed, “So am I.”

“But I am not supposed to take you out of home. And I never...”

“Please! Please!”

“I will think about it if you behave yourselves in the restaurant.”

“Sure!” “No problem!”

I thought it might be a good idea to take them to MacDonald’s because I didn’t have to cook. Besides, there were slides, Lego bricks and other kids.

Paragraph 1:

As soon as we got to the large parking lot outside the restaurant, Tim ran wild and got missing.

Paragraph 2:

When mom went back home in the evening, I was as tired as a dog.

注意：
1.续写词数应为 150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

As soon as we got to the large parking lot outside the restaurant, Tim ran wild and got missing.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

When mom went back home in the evening, I was as tired as a dog.

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4 . Will Exercising With A Cold Make You Sicker?

Whether you’re a die-hard exercise devotee or just beginning to get into workout, you may worry that coming down with a cold could disturb your training routine     1    Researchers have looked into this problem and have concluded that a mild cold does not always have to prevent you. But there are several key warnings to keep in mind.

Do the “neck check”.

Before you start your workout gear, assess your symptoms carefully. The most popular advice is to do what’s referred to as the neck check, where if symptoms are above the neck, exercise is probably safe    2     If, however, you do have symptoms below the neck, such as a hacking cough, chest discomfort, nausea, diarrhea or body-wide symptoms like fever, muscle aches or fatigue, then it’s not a good idea to exercise.

Monitor your symptoms.

    3    What might begin as a runny nose could later become something more serious, like bronchitis or the flu. Proceed with caution, keep tabs on how you’re feeling and skip the workout if you start to feel worse. There’s this myth that you can sweat out a virus, but that is a terrible thing to do. If you’re not feeling well, heavy exercise can exacerbate your symptoms and increase your risk for complications.

    4    .

If you’re confident that your cold symptoms are manageable and you still feel up for exercising, moderate intensity cardiovascular (心血管) exercise for 30 to 45 minutes a session. A brisk 30-minute walk outside or a low-impact workout on a stationary bike would be a good option.    5    

A．Stick to moderate workouts.

B．Improve your immune response.

C．Keep in mind that symptoms can evolve.

D．Could a workout actually do you some good?

E．Does your runny nose mean skipping your exercise session?

F．However, if you feel light-headed or any pain while exercising, consider your cue to quit.

G．If your only symptoms are nasal congestion (鼻塞) and a low-grade headache, a light workout is OK.

5 . Birds do it. People do it. Owls do it in the daytime. Even Caenorhabditis elegans, a primitive roundworm made up of a few thousand cells, does something that looks an awful lot like it. Sleep is an ancient, universal experience.

But partly because it is so commonplace, for a long time sleep was a subject that scientists had not woken up to. It is only in the past half-century or so that it has attracted the attention of dedicated researchers. A new book from Kenneth Miller, a science journalist, sets out to elaborate the field’s short but fascinating history. The book is organized around the life and hard work of a scientist named Nathaniel Kleitman who set up a pioneering sleep-research programme at the University of Chicago.

The early pages of the book, before there is much in the way of established science to describe, are the weakest. A good deal of time is spent on biographical details and pen portraits of the world through which Kleitman moved. But the story soon picks up. It ranges from the discovery of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and circadian rhythms — the biological clocks that govern humanity’s days — to the effects of sleep deprivation (which can be fatal, at least in lab animals). It also probes the purpose, if any, of dreams.

Underlying it all is a sense of psychology's slow maturing as a science. New technologies such as electroencephalographs, which monitor electrical activity in the brain, have offered practitioners the ability to study brains directly, rather than trying to infer what they are doing from the behaviour of their owners.

Discoveries often lead to new questions in turn. That is why neat, tidy endings are hard to achieve in science books; this one is no difference. Despite all the progress of the past 50 years, scientists are still unsure what sleep is for. For anyone curious about asking the right questions, however, Mr. Miller’s book is a good place to start.

1. What is the book aimed at?

A．Setting up a pioneer programme.

B．Introducing the contribution of a scientist.

C．Attracting the attention of other researchers.

D．Recording the development of sleep research.

2. What does the underlined expression “picks up” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Recovers.

B．Refreshes.

C．Improves.

D．Accelerates.

3. What is presented in the book?

A．Portraits of the author.	B．Sleep patterns and dreams.
C．The history of psychology.	D．The importance of the brain.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards Miller’s book?

A．Favorable.

B．Disapproving.

C．Doubtful.

D．Ambiguous.

6 . Tripadvisor Reco has hundreds of top Trip Designers across the globe ready to plan and book your perfect trip.

Satisfaction guaranteed

We are confident that you’ll love your experience planning with a Trip Designer. If not, let us know and we’ll work with you to make it right.

Compared to traditional travel agencies or doing it all yourself, Reco makes your trips easy and cost effective.

	Reco	Travel agency	Do it yourself
Travel industry professional	✔	✔
Highly personalized itinerary(行程)	✔	×	✔
Algorithmic(算法) matching	✔	×
Local expertise	✔	×
No hidden fees	✔	×

Meet a few of our Trip Designers

Mauricio E (Costa Rica)

Luxury, beach, local culture, parks & green spaces, animal encounters, must-see attraction, etc.

Manlio G (Spain, Portugal)

History, local culture, wine, local cuisine, luxury, beach, must-see attraction, etc.

Susan C (Morocco, Egypt, Turkey)

Local cuisine, accessibility, luxury, local culture, history, sustainable travel, seniors, wine, etc.

From Travelers

“Sietra & Jeremy helped us determine where in The Caribbean we should go for our honeymoon. They were responsive and answered all our questions.” — Kiana, The Caribbean, September 2023

“Vasilis took our requests and transformed them into a 5-star vacation. He was very knowledgeable about everything in Greece.” — Sharon, Greece, October 2023

1. What is an advantage of Reco over others?

A．Local expert knowledge.	B．Professional teams.
C．The lowest price.	D．A free math course.

2. If you want ecofriendly travelling, you can choose       

A．Mauricio E.

B．Manlio G.

C．Susan C.

D．Vasilis.

3. What is the last section mainly about?

A．Travelers’ unforgettable experiences.

B．The most frequently asked questions.

C．Reco’s steps in making custom plans.

D．Customers’ positive review s of the trips.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In recent years, Chinese craftsmanship has enjoyed a renewed interest from global audiences. This is due in part     1     the growing popularity of Chinese culture and the     2     (increase) wealth of middle-class consumers.

One of the most popular forms of Chinese craftsmanship     3     (be) porcelain (瓷器). Porcelain is a type of ceramic     4    is made from a mixture of clay and kaolin, a type of white clay. Chinese porcelain has been prized for centuries for its beauty and durability. It was once used as     5     status symbol in the Chinese imperial court.

Another popular form of Chinese craftsmanship is jade (玉) carving. Jade     6     (use) in China for thousands of years for jewelry, sculptures, and other decorative objects. Jade carving is a highly skilled craft that requires a great deal of     7     (patient) and precision. Craftsmen use a variety of tools     8     (carve) jade, including chisels, saws, and drills.

The intricate designs of jade carvings often reflect Chinese culture and symbolism. For example, the dragon is a popular motif in Chinese jade carving, often     9     (see) as a symbol of power and good luck.

Chinese craftsmanship is a valuable part of Chinese culture. It is a testament to the skill and creativity of Chinese craftsmen,     10     it continues to inspire and amaze people around the world.

8 . Nir Eyal was part of a team of Stanford MBAs and also one of the brightest investors in Silicon Valley. He documented his experiences, reading and observations of hundreds of companies to know how mind manipulation(操纵) worked—how products change our actions, and create desires. The result of his research is the Hook Model.

A trigger is the actuator of behavior. Triggers come in two types: external and internal. Habit-forming products start by alerting users with external triggers like an email, a website link, or the app icon. For example, suppose Barbra, a young woman in Pennsylvania, happens to see a photo in her Facebook taken by a family member from a rural part of the state. It’s a lovely picture and since she is planning a trip there, the external trigger’s call-to-action intrigues her and she clicks. By cycling through successive hooks, users begin to form associations with internal triggers, which attach to existing behaviors and emotions.

The simple action takes Barbra to a website called Pinterest, a “pinboard-style photo sharing” site where she is dazzled by other fascinating objects related to what she is generally interested in—namely things to see on her upcoming trip.

Variable rewards are one of the most powerful tools companies implement to hook users. Research shows that levels of the dopamine(多巴胺) rise when the brain is expecting a reward. Wanting rewards creates a focused state, which suppresses the areas of the brain associated with judgment and reason while activating the parts associated with wanting and desire.

When Barbra lands on Pinterest, she’s spending more time hunting for the next wonderful thing. Before she knows it, she enjoys endlessly scrolling Pinterest, and she builds a desire to keep the things that delight her. By collecting items, she’ll be giving the site data about her preferences. Soon she will follow and make other investments, which serve to increase her ties to the site and prepare her for future loops through the hook.

1. What did Eyal’s research focus on?

A．His personal experiences.

B．His findings of Hook Model.

C．His observations of companies.

D．His researches on human brain.

2. What drives Barbra to access Pinterest?

A．The website has a unique style.

B．A photo in her Facebook attracts her.

C．External and internal triggers both work on her.

D．There is a lot of information about her upcoming trip.

3. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?

A．How a reward works.

B．How the brain works.

C．Why the levels of dopamine rise.

D．What influences judgment and reason.

4. How did Pinterest hook Barbra?

A．By suggesting on investments.

B．By offering appealing discounts.

C．By learning about her preferences.

D．By making workable plans for her future.

9 . Late one night in July 2020 in Reykjavik, Haraldur(Halli) Thorleifsson was wandering around the city’s main shopping street with his wife and two kids. During their walk, his three-year-old son was thirsty and wanted a drink from the corner store. But Thorleifsson soon discovered he couldn't help with the simple request: A 20-centimetre step blocked his access to the store.

The barrier was all too familiar. Born with muscular dystrophy, which causes progressive weakness and loss of muscle, Thorleifsson, now 46, has been using a wheelchair since he was 25. As he waited outside, he recalled, “I thought about how strange it is that we separate families in this way. I thought about all the times I wasn’t able to join my friends at restaurants, pubs and stores that are inaccessible.”

Living all over the world as a creative director and digital designer in cities such as San Francisco and Tokyo, Thorleifsson had witnessed first-hand how different cities consider and plan for accessibility, from ramps(斜坡) and sidewalks to public transportation.

Having recently sold his digital creative agency, Ueno, to Twitter, Thorleifsson now had the financial means to make a difference in his hometown. He decided to start with a project to make Iceland wheelchair accessible, one ramp at a time.

Ramp Up Reykjavik was launched as a non-profit in 2021 with a goal to build 100 ramps, mostly in the city’s down-town, within a year. Unlike portable and temporary solutions in other cities, these ramps are permanent structures that match the aesthetic of the buildings, making them appear as if they’ve always been there. It’s a design detail that helps provide a sense of inclusivity.

With the help of government funding and other sponsors, the Ramp Up team finished ahead of schedule and has broadened its scope to all of Iceland, with the goal of building1, 500 ramps countrywide by 2026.

1. What inspired Thorleifsson to build the ramps?

A．His inconvenience in life.	B．His childhood experience.
C．A request from his wife.	D．His desire to make a fortune.

2. What made it possible for Thorleifsson to start the project?

A．Great donations from society.

B．Money from sale of his company.

C．Full support from the government.

D．A wealth of experience in management.

3. What is special about Thorleifsson’s project?

A．It is non-profit.

B．It highlights the details.

C．It fits in with the surroundings.

D．It solves the problem temporarily.

4. Which of the following words can best describe Thorleifsson?

A．Flexible and thoughtful.	B．Modest and considerate.
C．Selfless and confident.	D．Generous and helpful.