1 . Life on earth evolves (进化) through the passing on of genes. How does culture evolve?
The evolutionary biologist, Richard Dawkins, coined the term “meme” in his book The Selfish Gene. According to Dawkins, while genes are the pieces of biological information from our parents which determines our appearance and how we grow, memes are units of cultural information — ideas and beliefs — that “pass from brain to brain”. Like genes, memes must compete for survival — if a meme cannot gain our attention. it disappears.
Basically, any shared idea related to culture is a meme. Myths, for example, are memes. Every society has its own stories that have survived, with some variations, for hundreds or thousands of years. The mythological dragon in Chinese culture is an idea that has been successfully passed among people for generations and is therefore also a meme.
Historically, memes have spread very gradually by word of mouth. Within Internet culture, though, a successful idea can be shared among millions of people within a few hours. Internet memes (which may for example, take the form of an image, a video or a website) may not last long, but they are particularly catching. They are shared “liked” copied and thus rapidly grown.
Then why do some ideas succeed in gaining our attention while others fail to attract us? It’s difficult to say, but humor is generally a factor. People are most likely to forward something to their friends if they think it is funny and the easier it is to digest the further the meme travels. Other memes may gain ground because they are something out of the ordinary. Aside from pure entertainment. Internet memes have a commercial aspect. Given their mass appeal, it is no surprise that advertisements turn up alongside them.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 2?| A．Accepted. | B．Preferred. | C．Invented. | D．Understood. |
| A．They are genes passed down from our parents. |
| B．They are cultural units that spread among people. |
| C．They belong to myths in different cultures. |
| D．They determine the development of the Internet. |
| A．It spreads faster and wider. | B．It takes fewer forms. |
| C．It’s harder to digest. | D．It lasts longer. |
| A．The distance a meme can travel. | B．Achievements of Internet memes. |
| C．Reasons for the success of some memes. | D．The uniqueness of a meme. |
(1) 从下表中选择对你影响最大的一位伟人，描述他（她）的主要事迹；
(2) 谈谈该伟人对你产生的激励作用。
注意：
(1) 字数100-120； (2) 标题和开头结尾不计入总词数。
参考词汇：动物学家zoologist (n.) 黑猩猩 chimp (n.) 青蒿素artemisinin (n.) 杂交稻 hybrid rice
| Jane Goodall(1934-)，Britain | Tu Youyou(1930-), China | Yuan Longping(1930-2021), China |
| 动物学家, 前往非洲研究黑猩猩多年,在研究和保护野生动物方面做出巨大贡献。 | 药学家,多年从事中西药结合研究,创制了新型抗疟药青蒿素,首位获诺贝尔科学奖的中国人。 | 农业专家, 致力于杂交水稻研究, 在消除世界饥饿方面做出巨大贡献。 |
The Great Person I Admire
Ladies and gentlemen,
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Thank you for your listening.
3 . Fast walkers may live longer than dawdlers (缓慢的人)— regardless of their weight, a new study suggests.
Researchers at Leicester University analyzed data on 474, 919 people with an average age of 52 in the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2016. They found women who walked briskly had a life expectancy of 86.7 to 87.8 years old, and men who kept up the pace had a life expectancy of 85.2 to 86.8. Slow walkers hadn’t much encouraging prospects (前景): women had a life expectancy of 72.4, and men of 64.8 years old, if they were more leisurely in their movements. According to the paper, published last week, that ratio held true even if the fast walkers were severely overweight. It does not necessarily mean fast walkers will live longer. Experts say it suggests walking speed could be a simple way for doctors to judge their patients’ general health alongside other tests.
It is hardly the first study holding up walking speed as a powerful evidence that appears to improve and determine our health.
In 2011, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) published a study by Stephanie Studenski, who found the same: walking speed was a reliable predictor of life expectancy.
In 2013, US researchers found walking pace was linked to lower heart disease risk and longer life expectancy. In 2018, a study from the University of Sydney found picking up your walking pace to even an “average speed” could cut your risk of premature death by a fifth.
And Tom Yates, the physical activity professor at Leicester who's behind the latest study, has been publishing findings on this connection for years.
In 2017, he analyzed the same UK Biobank data and found walking speed appeared to affect the risk of dying from heart disease — concluding that the slowest walkers were twice as likely to suffer a heart-related death compared to quick walkers.
1. What does the underlined word “briskly” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Casually. | B．Quickly. | C．Actively. | D．Energetically. |
| A．Most fast walkers are overweight. |
| B．Fast walkers have a simple way of living. |
| C．Walking speed can help doctors know about their patients’ general health. |
| D．Doctors will surely have better ways to cure their patients of their illness. |
| A．Walking slowly is bad for people's health. |
| B．Walking speed can predict a person’s life expectancy. |
| C．People won't die early by increasing their walking pace. |
| D．Lower heart disease risk is determined partly by walking pace. |
| A．Fast Walkers May Have a Long Life Expectancy |
| B．Life Expectancy Is Determined by Exercise |
| C．Researchers Try to Improve Life Expectancy |
| D．The Public Doubt Researches on Walking Speed |
4 . When someone is homeless or trying to recover from a natural disaster, they are in need of a lot of the basic life necessities that many of us take for granted (认为……是理所当然的). While people are often encouraged to donate canned goods, not everyone is thinking about things like shoes.
Of course, you can’t go looking for a new job or a home, if you have no shoes to walk in. One woman in Hays, Kansas took this into consideration, and found a way to help hundreds of people.
Payless stores were going out of business, and shoes were selling for as little as $1 per pair, so a woman named Addy Tritt bought out all the remaining shoes at the Hays Payless store—more than 200 pairs—and donated them to flood victims (灾民) in Nebrsska.
Those shoes were then included in a flood relief shipment taken to farmers in Nebraska by Fort Hays State University. Tritt, who recently graduated from FHSU’s human resources program, wanted to “pay it forward”.
“I have been so lucky,” she said. “There have been so many great people in my life who have inspired me. I see so many terrible things in the news. So many people have helped me when I was down. They influenced me so much that I want to help if I can.”
Tritt has a history of charitable (慈善发) acts. She has donated more than 60 bags of school supplies to Hays students, and organized a baby clothes drive and two supply drives for the animal shelter.
“I really feel I have been directed and guided to help people,” she said. “If you can do something for someone else, you need to find a way even if it is a pair of shoes.”
1. How did Tritt help flood victims?| A．By sending some food to them. |
| B．By helping them find new jobs. |
| C．By selling shoes to raise money for them. |
| D．By buying shoes for them. |
| A．Pay ahead of time. | B．Save some money. |
| C．Pass the love. | D．Put forward the plan. |
| A．The low price of shoes. | B．Other people’s influence. |
| C．Ideas from her school. | D．The sad situation of victims. |
| A．Caring. | B．Independent. |
| C．Clever. | D．Brave. |
1. When did Betty Jameson win the Southern Championship?
| A．In 1932. | B．In 1934. | C．In 1939. |
| A．The United States Amateur competition. |
| B．The United States Women’s Open. |
| C．The Western Open. |
| A．Golf. | B．Basketball. | C．Tennis. |
| A．About 70 years old. | B．About 80 years old. | C．About 90 years old. |
A group of musicians from China, Germany and Switzerland joined hands in a special concert to celebrate the 100-day countdown to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. The event, also known as China Media Group(CMG) China-Europe Music Festival,
It’s part of a program of special events running up to the Winter Olympics, which will begin on February 4, 2022. Thomas Bach, president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC),
The concert
Bach added, “The beautiful performances by this talented group of international artists show that inspirational moments are possible when we are dreaming together. This is
CMG President Shen Haixiong said, “Sport and music are the common language of all mankind. Artists from different countries perform wonderfully
7 . High school is difficult for everyone whether you want to admit it or not. You are going through an awkward time. But joining a club will be beneficial to you.
Meeting new people
Joining a club is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to the school.
College applications
Most teens go to schools, then come home and spend the rest of the day in front of the television or phone, but activities prohibit this. Teens are also very impressionable and if they fall into the wrong crowd, they could fall into consequences such as drug use, or other problems. Clubs are a great way to spend time with good people.
Long term benefits
Things such as meeting and speaking to new people, keeping and eye on the time, and being organized are things you will use every single day of your lives.
| A．Good use of your time |
| B．Learning more knowledge |
| C．Here is why joining a club is beneficial |
| D．Another benefit of joining a club is to ensure that you get to a top college |
| E．You will use these skills in different settings whether you realize it or not |
| F．Another really nice thing is that it looks really good on college applications |
| G．Joining a club forces you to interact with peers that have similar interests as you |
8 . China has announced that couples will be permitted to have up to three children in a major policy shift from the existing two-child limit, after recent data showed a dramatic decline in births in the world's most populated country.
"To actively respond to the ageing of the population…a couple can have three children," state media Xinhua reported on Monday, citing a committee meeting hosted by President Xi Jinping
Early this May, China reported the slowest population growth since the early 1960s, despite scrapping its one-child policy in 2015 to encourage more births and avoid a potential population crisis.
A once-a-decade survey showed that the overall population of China grew to 1,41178 billion in the 10 years to 2020, up by 5. 38%. The increase reflects an average annual rise of 0.53%, down from 0.57% reported from 2000 to 2010.
The announcement drew a chilly response on Chinese social media, where many people said they could not afford to have even one or two children. "I am willing to have three children if you give me 5 million yuan (£554,350)," one user posted on Weibo. As a matter of fact, experiment of the three-child policy in Heilongjiang province in the last few years also resulted less effectively than expected.
It is not only China that is facing such a population challenge. Across east Asia, authorities have, for years, been struggling to persuade couples to have more babies. South Korea and Japan both have used allowance to encourage.
The policy change will come with "supportive measures, which will be beneficial to improving our country's population structure, fulfilling the country's strategy of actively coping with an ageing population and maintaining the advantage of human resources", Xinhua said. It did not specify the support measures.
1. Why did China announce the three-child limit this May?| A．To completely stop the population from ageing. | B．To show concern over the ageing population. |
| C．To increase the birth rate of the country. | D．To remove the two-child limit. |
| A．Issuing. | B．Changing. | C．Adopting. | D．Canceling |
| A．China has a smaller population in 2020 than in 2010. |
| B．Many couples can't afford to raise two or more children. |
| C．Hei Longjiang has the smallest population among the provinces. |
| D．Korea and Japan have managed to cope with ageing population. |
| A．A book review. | B．An online newspaper | C．A travel brochure. | D．A biology textbook. |
9 . When I first began to learn photography, a photographer offered me a simple
Don’t just “point and
This advice could also be applied to
All is too often it is not until our lives are in
| A．example | B．reward | C．tip | D．course |
| A．shoot | B．reframe | C．catch | D．focus |
| A．recognizing | B．considering | C．designing | D．spotting |
| A．behave | B．feel | C．stand | D．play |
| A．maintained | B．aroused | C．recalled | D．recovered |
| A．In other words | B．As a whole | C．In a way | D．On the contrary |
| A．work | B．photography | C．life | D．study |
| A．lose track of | B．make use of | C．get hold of | D．let go of |
| A．surprise | B．challenge | C．happiness | D．regret |
| A．struggle | B．fail | C．intend | D．expect |
| A．tough | B．strange | C．helpless | D．aimless |
| A．surprise | B．doubt | C．crisis | D．pride |
| A．abandoned | B．cancelled | C．misplaced | D．forget |
| A．merely | B．rarely | C．always | D．sometimes |
| A．Thus | B．Moreover | C．Instead | D．However |
| A．comments | B．requests | C．promises | D．decisions |
| A．impossible | B．active | C．negative | D．complex |
| A．beautiful | B．long | C．fresh | D．memorable |
| A．picture | B．figure | C．memory | D．story |
| A．react | B．relax | C．reappear | D．refocus |
10 . As a middle schooler, one of my life goals was the Presidential Fitness Award-an honor given to those who passed a series of gin-class tests that included doing a number of pull ups, running a mile, and, among other things, the sit and reach(another version of toe touching). That's where things went wrong for me. I could never reach quite far enough.
Toe touching is an easy way to begin or end any sort of workout, For most people, it is among the easiest stretching exercises to do. But for me(and any of my classmate)it's complete suffering. Why? “The two biggest factors are the flexibility of your hamstrings(腿筋) and the range of motion of your hip(髋) joints,” says Jeffrey Jenkins, a physiologist at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. “But another big factor is the relative length of your arms and your torso(躯干) to your legs, which unfortunately can't be changed.”
Ienkins says that although there are sore unjust aspects, overall the toe touch is not the worst measure of flexibility. But if you are flexibility clumsy like me, there are some things you can do to improve the flexibility of the body you have. Whenever you stretch then, your muscles contract, tighten, and resist the force to be stretched, resulting in that annoyingly painful feeling that most of us get when we first reach down to touch our toes or attempt to stretch other muscles. However, Jenkins says, if you are patient, this too shall pass.
If you hold the stretch for a minimum of six seconds, you can actually overcome the re flex (反射). In fact, Jenkins says, there's some evidence that holding still stretches for 30 seconds results in greater improvement in flexibility than holding it for 15 seconds, and just as much improvement as 60 seconds. But for some people, the pain that accompanies those sixty seconds is just too severe. If you can get past that pain, then you can probably improve your flexibility However, Jenkins cautions against tolerating too much pain; you could be tearing a muscle.
1. What can be inferred about the author from the text?| A．He is a P. E. Teacher in a junior school. |
| B．He improved a version of toe touching. |
| C．He can't pass the tests of the Presidential Fitness Award. |
| D．He was envied by his classmate for his academical achievements, |
| A．How we can practice touching toes, |
| B．Why some people can't touch their toes. |
| C．What is the most important to an athlete. |
| D．Why people begin and end exercises by touching toes. |
| A．Muscle pain. | B．Clumsy moves. |
| C．Body flexibility. | D．Attempt to stretch. |
| A．to seek professional help |
| B．not to stand the severe pain beyond limit |
| C．to hold the still stretch for at least 15 seconds |
| D．not to quit at focus on the pain from the muscles |
