1.人物简介；
2.令人敬佩的原因。
注意：
1. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2. 词数：100左右
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2 . Google previously announced successful tests of machine learning systems designed to assist doctors. In one case, Google reported AI had examined eye diseases with equal accuracy to doctors. Other tests showed that machine learning can be used to study large amounts of patient data to predict future medical events.
Now the company has published two new studies showing a high level of success in identifying metastatic breast cancer. Metastatic means that cancer has spread from its main area to other parts of the body. Metastatic breast cancer is one of the deadliest, causing about 90 percent of all breast cancer deaths worldwide.
In metastatic breast cancer patients, the cancer often travels to nearby lymph nodes(淋巴结). Usually doctors examine lymph node tissue under a microscope to see whether cancer is present. Google notes that previous studies have shown that up to one-fourth of metastatic lymph node classifications end up being changed after a second examination. In addition, studies show that small metastatic material can be missed up to 67 percent of the time when examinations happen under extreme time restrictions.
Google says it created a mathematical algorithm(算法). The algorithm, called Lymph Node Assistant, is trained to find characteristics of tissue affected by metastatic cancer. When the system examined tissue images(图像), it was able to differentiate between metastatic cancer and non-cancer 99 percent of the time. In addition, the Lymph Node Assistant is highly effective at finding the positions of the cancers. Some of these positions would be too small for doctors themselves to identify. The research also showed that the algorithm method can reduce the usual time needed to examine the disease by about 50 percent.
But Google makes clear the AI-based system is not meant to replace the work of medical professionals. Instead, it is designed to reduce the number of false identifications and help doctors work faster and more effectively.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?| A．Google became a pioneer in training doctors. |
| B．Machine learning is able to stop future medical events. |
| C．Google developed artificial intelligence to help doctors. |
| D．Artificial intelligence cured eye diseases with equal accuracy to doctors. |
| A．One-fourth of the metastatic breast cancer patients die in the end. |
| B．Metastatic breast cancer is very difficult to identify. |
| C．It results in 90 percent of deaths of all cancers. |
| D．It can be identified after a second examination. |
| A．It can offer effective treatment. |
| B．It can tell the exact positions of cancers |
| C．It costs 99 percent less time than before. |
| D．It improves the accuracy of identifying cancers by 50%. |
| A．False identification of cancers will be avoided. |
| B．More effective prevention of cancers will be found. |
| C．The number of medical professionals will be reduced. |
| D．Doctors can have a faster understanding of patients’ condition. |
3 . Located at Europe’s biggest water park, the Galaxy Erding in South Germany, the world’s first VR water slide takes the exciting experience to a whole new level by offering thrill-seekers the choice of three attractive worlds --- Space, Sky, or Snow. By simply wearing a headset, riders can slide through a magical alien world, follow beautiful butterflies around floating islands or put themselves in a white winter wonderland. To make the experience even more heart-stopping, the 160-meter-long ride that lasts about 35 seconds has two uphill tracks that provide a roller-coaster-like experience.
While the tire slide, which has been successfully tested by almost 10,000 park goers since it opened in February 2018, is impressive, the technology behind it, developed by California startup Ballast is even more so. The specially-created waterproof headsets can be worn in water up to a few meters deep, without harming the delicate Samsung Galaxy S8 mobile devices that run the custom software for the VR experiences. The headsets also charge wirelessly (无线地), allowing park operators to swap out sets throughout the day.
The biggest challenge the company faced, however, was providing a suitable VR experience for everyone. That’s because unlike roller coasters, where the speed is fixed for all riders, water slide speeds vary depending on the weight of the person. To overcome the issue, Ballast fixed smart sensors (传感器) in important areas along the slide to keep track of the rider’s progress at all times. The information, conveyed through the headset, allows the custom software to adjust his or her location within the virtual world accordingly, making for a smooth, seasickness free ride for all.
Though Ballast is thrilled at Space Glider’s success, the company has bigger ambitions. They want to create an experience where guests will be able to swim underwater surrounded by virtual dolphins, whales, and even sharks, without wearing the heavy headsets!
1. What can people do if they go to the Galaxy Erding?| A．They can swim with dolphins. |
| B．They can explore the outer space. |
| C．They can experience VR water slide. |
| D．They can swap out sets all day long. |
| A．The tire slide has been successfully tested so far. |
| B．Water slide speed vary depending on the age of the person. |
| C．Thrill-seekers take the exciting experience by wearing a headset. |
| D．The specially-created waterproof headsets can be applied in water. |
| A．The painkillers. |
| B．The fixed speed. |
| C．A sensor fixed in important areas. |
| D．Virtual dolphins, whales and sharks. |
| A．objective | B．subjective | C．opposed | D．indifferent |
4 . Modern lifestyles are generally quite different from those of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, a fact that some claim as the cause of the current rise in global obesity, but new results published July 25 in the open access journal PLOS ONE find that there is no difference between the energy expenditure(耗费) of modern hunter-gatherers and Westerners, casting doubt on this theory.
The research team behind the study, led by Herman Pontzer of Hunter College in New York City, along with David Raichlen of the University of Arizona and Brian M. Wood of Stanford measured daily energy expenditure among the Hadza, a population of traditional hunter-gatherers living in the open Savannah of northern Tanzania. Despite spending their days hiking long distances to seek for wild plants and game, the Hadza burned no more calories each day than adults in the U.S. and Europe. The team ran several analyses accounting for the effects of body weight, body fat percentage, age, and gender. In all analyses, daily energy expenditure among the Hadza hunter-gatherers was indistinguishable(难以区分的) from that of Westerners. The study was the first to measure energy expenditure in hunter-gatherers directly; previous studies had relied entirely on estimates.
These findings overturn the long-held assumption that our hunter-gatherer ancestors expended more energy than modern populations, and challenge the view that obesity in Western populations results from decreased energy expenditure. Instead, the similarity in daily energy expenditure across a broad range of lifestyles suggests that habitual metabolic(新陈代谢的) rates are relatively constant among human populations. This in turn supports the view that the current rise in obesity is due to increased food consumption, not decreased energy expenditure. It means we have more to learn about human physiology(生理学) and health, particularly in non-Western settings.
"These results highlight the complexity of energy expenditure. It's not simply a function of physical activity," says Pontzer.” Our metabolic rates may be more a reflection of our shared evolutionary past than our diverse modern lifestyles."
1. According to the new research, hunter-gatherers consume _________.| A．the same energy as Westerners | B．more energy than Westerners |
| C．less energy than Westerners | D．the same food as Westerners |
| A．By comparing hiking distances. | B．By identifying wild plants and game. |
| C．By estimating daily energy expenditure. | D．By measuring daily energy expenditure. |
| A．the rise in obesity is due to increased food consumption |
| B．decreased energy expenditure makes Westerners fat |
| C．daily energy expenditure stays the same in history |
| D．humans’ habitual metabolic rates are unchanged |
| A．Our physiology activity. | B．Our energy expenditure. |
| C．Our metabolic rates. | D．Our modern lifestyle. |
5 . Antarctica(南极洲)’s melting ice, which has caused global sea levels to rise by at least 13.8 millimeters over the past 40 years, was thought to primarily come from the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Now, scientists have found that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—considered largely unaffected by climate change—may also be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.
The WAIS, whose base is below sea level, has long been considered the most likely to break down. Besides gravity, a deep current of warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it from below until it becomes a floating shelf at risk of breaking away. In contrast, extreme cold and a base mostly above sea level are thought to keep the EAIS relatively safe from warm waters.
But as greenhouse gases warm much of the planet, driving stronger polar winds, some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarctica’s once unassailable ice. A cooperation of more than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added about 5 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2017.
Eric Rignot of the University of California, Irvine, and colleagues combined 40 years of satellite imagery and climate modeling and found that overall Antarctica now sends six times more ice into the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majority coming from West Antarctica. But East Antarctica was responsible for more than 30% of Antarctica’s contribution to the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise over the past 40 years. “The more we look at this system the more we realize this is fragile,” Rignot says. “Once these glaciers become unstable there is no red button to press to stop it.”
Rignot hopes the study brings greater attention to a part of Antarctica that has traditionally been understudied. Helen Fricker, a glaciologist (冰川学家) in California, agrees. “We need to monitor the entire Antarctica and we just can’t do that without international cooperation.”
1. What is the new finding of scientists?| A．The east Antarctica is losing ice at an increasing rate. |
| B．The west Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979. |
| C．5 billion tons of ice is added to Antarctica each year. |
| D．The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm over the past 40 years. |
| A．A base mostly over sea level. | B．The force of gravity. |
| C．The invasion of a warm current. | D．Extremely low temperature. |
| A．Fragile. | B．Unattackable. |
| C．Mild. | D．Unstable. |
| A．Satellite imagery. | B．Global monitoring. |
| C．Worldwide climate modeling. | D．Worldwide combined efforts. |
