1 . Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business.
Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too?
But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word.
When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes.
When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2?A.ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms. |
B.There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry. |
C.Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing. |
D.There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry. |
A.ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs. |
B.ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages. |
C.ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs. |
D.ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules. |
A.He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry. |
B.He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry. |
C.He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry. |
D.He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry. |
A.Acceptable and favorable | B.Amazed and admiring |
C.Indifferent and uncaring | D.Doubtful and uneasy |
1.上课认真听讲,做好笔记,课后及时复习。
2.词汇是基础,每天早上花半个小时的时间背诵单词,朗读课文。
3.课外多与同学用英语交流,提高听力和口语能力。
4.每天坚持写日记。
注意:1.词数80词左右,短文的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总数。
2.内容可适当发挥,注意行文连贯。
Dear Wang Mei,
I’m very glad to have received your e-mail.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua
1.自主发展的含义和重要性;
2.高中生如何做到自主发展。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.题目已给出。
Independent Development of High School Students
Independent Development, also known as self-development is the key to becoming an all-round person.
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1. 简述刷短视频的利与弊;
2. 你的观点。
注意:1. 词数80左右;
2. 开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:刷短视频 watch short videos
Good morning, everyone.
I’d like to
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That’s all. Thank you.
1.在线教育的利与弊;
2.你的看法。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.题目已为你写好
The advantages and disadvantages of online education
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1. 62%赞成: 1) 可以克隆人体器官为医学所用;2)…
2. 38%反对: 1) 很多人提出道德上的异议; 2)…
3.你的观点……
器官:organ
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
①个人介绍;②杰出贡献;③对他/她的评价。
注意:
1. 词数100词左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,使行文连贯;
3. 开头结尾已给出,不计入总词。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That’s all. Thanks for your attention.
1.垃圾的现状和危害;
2.说明处理垃圾的办法:分类放进不同的垃圾桶里;提高环保意识;
3.自己的看法。
注意:1.词数120左右,开头结尾已经为你写好(不计入总词数);
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:垃圾 rubbish
分类放进不同的垃圾桶里 put into different dustbins
提高环保意识 raise awareness of environmental protection
Dear editor,
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
9 . Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you.
People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”.
If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help.
However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections.
A.Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though. |
B.You have the power to shape a new self-perception. |
C.This encourages you to speak openly without worry. |
D.The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes. |
E.Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth. |
F.People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence. |
G.With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth. |
1.找出不适或者压力大的原因
2.如何减轻压力
3设定一个合适的新目标
4学会放松
注意:词数100字左右
可以适当增加细节,使得行文连贯
Dear Li Hua,
I have received your letter saying that
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Best wishes to you
Yours
Li Lei