2 . Whenever Michael Carl, the fashion market director at Vanity Fair, goes out to dinner with friends, he plays something called the phone pile game:Everyone places his
Brandon Holley, the former editor of Lucky magazine, had trouble
And Marc Jacobs, the fashion designer, didn’t want to sleep next to a noisy phone. So he
As smartphones continue to
“Disconnecting is something that we all
A popular method for
Others choose new
Sleep is a big factor, which is why Peter Som, a fashion designer, doesn’t”want to sleep
A.wallet | B.handbag | C.watch | D.phone |
A.pays | B.waits | C.prepares | D.reaches |
A.examining | B.ignoring | C.charging | D.finding |
A.banned | B.observed | C.collected | D.adjusted. |
A.communicated | B.agreed | C.dealt | D.shared |
A.keep their word | B.make their way | C.take their time | D.fix their attention |
A.techniques | B.achievements | C.images | D.appliances |
A.learn | B.produce | C.receive | D.need |
A.figure out | B.take up | C.set aside | D.get over |
A.distributing | B.entertaining | C.monitoring | D.disconnecting |
A.box | B.room | C.pocket | D.bag |
A.games | B.orders | C.sections | D.rules |
A.urgent | B.upsetting | C.relaxing | D.virtual |
A.ahead of | B.next to | C.beyond | D.within |
A.definitely | B.originally | C.scarcely | D.considerately |
With the arrival of the age of “information economy”, intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than manufacturing. Organizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information. So people of the Public Relations are hired to speak for them. A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists. In the information age, journalists spend their time, not investigating, but passing on the words of a spokesperson.
There is a joke in the novel Scoop about the newspaper's owner, Lord Copper. The editors can never disagree with him. When he's right about something they answer “definitely”, and when he's wrong they say “to some extent, Lord Copper.” It seems reasonable to suppose that, in the real world, the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.
In countries where the news is not officially controlled, it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend on advertising. The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings. I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show.
There is an argument that with spreading access to the Internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms.
Maybe the time has come to do something about it, and I don't just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper. In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices: switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust.
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4 . The notion of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture to embed meaning in their products and thus attract more customers.
Starbucks literally changed the definition of “a good cup of coffee”. For Starbucks, the brand had three elements: coffee,
Almost all Starbucks stores were corporately owned and controlled. Starbucks prided itself on the “Starbucks Experience”,
The green Starbucks logo is a mermaid that looks like the end of the double image of the sea. It was designed by Terry Heckler, who got the
Starbucks makes the typical American culture gradually broken down into elements of
But the
A.people | B.managers | C.customers | D.clients |
A.assured | B.promised | C.ensured | D.predicted |
A.emergency | B.environment | C.employment | D.customer |
A.consisted of | B.benefited from | C.contributed to | D.headed for |
A.going beyond | B.coming across | C.making up | D.depending on |
A.With regard to | B.In addition to | C.Compared with | D.In terms of |
A.general | B.reasonable | C.legal | D.fascinating |
A.committed | B.alerted | C.subjected | D.required |
A.negotiate | B.perform | C.conceal | D.escape |
A.imagination | B.inspiration | C.patent | D.philosophy |
A.creates | B.cultivates | C.credits | D.conveys |
A.brand | B.logo | C.possession | D.experience |
A.greedily | B.gently | C.persistently | D.indifferently |
A.busy | B.easy | C.miserable | D.energetic |
A.product | B.vision | C.essence | D.importance |
5 . Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: without it , it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us;
In most countries, a direct tax on
And countries with taxation nearly
Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement.
1.A.nor | B.neither | C.never | D.not |
A.look into | B.look over | C.look after | D.look through |
A.In accordance with | B.By means of | C.With reference to | D.On account of |
A.If | B.When | C.Though | D.As |
A.when | B.how | C.why | D.which |
A.persons | B.sectors | C.communities | D.classes |
A.form | B.way | C.measure | D.method |
A.quicker | B.speedier | C.more | D.larger |
A.periodically | B.almost | C.often | D.always |
A.which | B.who | C.what | D.whom |
A.manner | B.form | C.means | D.way |
A.either | B.also | C.too | D.often |
A.lent | B.saved | C.borrowed | D.collected |
A.alike | B.like | C.as | D.for |
A.heavier | B.fairer | C.finer | D.better |
6 . Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.
Students in the study became
Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on
Thinking about fast food increases
Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains — McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was
Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate
“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is
A.hungry | B.stressful | C.anxious | D.timid |
A.recognize | B.investigate | C.diagnose | D.recall |
A.motivation | B.appearance | C.emotion | D.behaviour |
A.common | B.unconscious | C.primary | D.temporary |
A.preferences | B.implications | C.ingredients | D.intentions |
A.naturally | B.strikingly | C.fortunately | D.personally |
A.gain | B.proof | C.respond | D.attention |
A.concealed | B.imposed | C.edited | D.marked |
A.separate | B.special | C.expensive | D.original |
A.potential | B.constant | C.intense | D.instant |
A.cultivation | B.resistance | C.satisfaction | D.awareness |
A.in terms of | B.on account of | C.regardless of | D.with respect to |
A.In other words | B.On the contrary | C.For example | D.In addition |
A.promoting | B.assuming | C.insulting | D.assessing |
A.chance | B.sense | C.rush | D.harm |
The sights, sounds, and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental. More likely, they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called “sensory marketing” to create an emotional association to a(n)
By relating to people in a far more
Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider
In the past, communications with customers were mainly monologues — companies just ‘talked at’ consumers. Then they evolved into dialogues, with customers providing
Based on the implied messages received through five senses, consumers, without noticing it, tend to apply human-like personalities to brands, leading to intimate relationship and, hopefully for the brands, persistent
"Sincere" brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and reliable while "exciting" brands like Apple, and Ferrari are as imaginative and
Certainly, with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the
In other words, no aspect of a product design is left to
A.specific | B.qualified | C.average | D.adequate |
A.economic | B.personal | C.artificial | D.mechanic |
A.obvious | B.potential | C.accessible | D.concrete |
A.imaginable | B.objective | C.psychological | D.gradual |
A.alternative | B.reward | C.sample | D.exhibit |
A.compliment | B.fund | C.prospect | D.feedback |
A.temporarily | B.subconsciously | C.occasionally | D.attentively |
A.loyalty | B.philosophy | C.endurance | D.regulation |
A.mild | B.daring | C.steady | D.classic |
A.far-fetched | B.hard-won | C.long-lasting | D.easy-going |
A.individual | B.sensory | C.present | D.general |
A.overall | B.ambitious | C.dramatic | D.additional |
A.chance | B.maintenance | C.progress | D.leadership |
A.accept | B.overlook | C.fit | D.treat |
A.shape | B.punish | C.signify | D.exploit |
8 . The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations, with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship. In the beginning, the games were open only to
From the perspective of many athletes,
A slender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time lost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Liddell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee
In 1971 the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
There are those who
A.amateurs | B.professionals | C.men | D.women |
A.survival | B.fame | C.profit | D.pleasure |
A.at all costs | B.by contrast | C.as a result | D.at first |
A.however | B.therefore | C.furthermore | D.instead |
A.punished | B.trained | C.unpaid | D.educated |
A.youngest | B.smartest | C.strongest | D.wealthiest |
A.booked | B.extended | C.financed | D.cancelled |
A.value | B.definition | C.origin | D.use |
A.balance | B.begin | C.change | D.restrict |
A.restored | B.created | C.removed | D.studied |
A.field | B.support | C.organization | D.team |
A.regret | B.investigate | C.explain | D.welcome |
A.displayed | B.carried | C.retain | D.lost |
A.reasonable | B.questionable | C.unbelievable | D.valuable |
A.debate | B.complaint | C.concern | D.inquiry |
9 . Though people have discussed the relationship between science and nature for many years, there is no consensual(统一的) explanation. While some view science as a powerful tool in
Despite the different presentations of the concepts, though time separated the two men, both pieces express a similar view on the relationship between science and nature. Both pieces suggest that nature is
As Commoner’s article suggests, nature only allows science to have limited power and success. Both men believe that complete trust in science is
Commoner’s article clearly represents science as weak and useless, but more importantly, dangerous. It gives evidence to support the suggested dangers
A.building | B.defining | C.showing | D.uncovering |
A.concerns | B.views | C.findings | D.achievements |
A.interests | B.ambitions | C.discoveries | D.thoughts |
A.preventing | B.earning | C.destroying | D.breaking |
A.mysterious | B.powerful | C.fantastic | D.special |
A.prosperity | B.perfection | C.improvement | D.integrity |
A.beliefs | B.experiences | C.actions | D.attempts |
A.disappointing | B.meaningful | C.useless | D.significant |
A.throws | B.expresses | C.holds | D.casts |
A.improper | B.unbelievable | C.dangerous | D.unwise |
A.reforms | B.failures | C.experiments | D.changes |
A.controlled | B.digested | C.shared | D.applied |
A.question | B.doubt | C.hope | D.use |
A.provided | B.supplied | C.associated | D.compared |
A.directly | B.especially | C.definitely | D.necessarily |
10 . Before the age of the smartphone, photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all good amateur photographers, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.
The new ease of photography has given us a tremendous appetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary. We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat or the cat’s breakfast. Even photo journalists are experimenting with mobile phones because their near invisibility makes it easier to capture unguarded moments.
In the past, magazines published unforgettable photos of important people and global events that captured our imaginations. These photos had the power to change public opinion and even the course of history. But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long.
As people everywhere embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards appear to be shifting. Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Today, images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Photojournalists are trained to accurately represent what they witness. Yet any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer.
The question of the accuracy of images gets even trickier when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps-- like Hipstamatic or Instagram --- which encourage the use of filters (滤镜). Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Photographers using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images--- but also controversy. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war, while distancing us from those who fight in them.
Yet photography has always been more subjective than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions-- where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and what to leave out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true? There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories--- and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, wars, and disasters, and in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing.
Who knows? Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead to a dramatic change in our way of being. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.
1. According to the author, there are fewer memorable photographs today because_________.A.the quality of many images is still poor |
B.there are so many good images these days |
C.traditional media refuse to allow amateur photos |
D.most images are not appealing to a global audience |
A.indicate it’s a word cited from another source |
B.stress that the picture of reality is greatly improved |
C.draw audience attention to a word worth considering |
D.show it’s arguable whether the picture is truly improved |
A.The daily life pictures are very expressive themselves. |
B.Photographs of the digital age are more subjective than before. |
C.Photos altered by filters of camera apps are too subjective to be true. |
D.Many members of the media value daily life images over major social events. |
A.Camera Apps Bury Authenticity |
B.Photography Redefined: A Visual Language |
C.Smartphone: Killer of Professional Photography |
D.The Shifting Standards of Professional Photography |