1 . More than 80 percent of global heat is absorbed by the ocean, which has a massive capacity to store and give off heat. High sea-surface temperatures are causing long-term damage to coral reefs (珊瑚礁). Corals are dying. The IPCC (政府间气候变化专门委员会) projects that up to 90 percent of coral reefs could disappear if global warming reaches 1.5℃. Another reason corals are in trouble is because of ocean acidification. Higher carbon dioxide levels have shift ed the chemistry of the ocean, making it more acidic, and corals and sea creatures have trouble growing in acidic conditions.
When ocean water warms, it expands in volume. This is a major cause of the rise in sea levels, along with the water added to the ocean by the melting of land-based glaciers (冰川). The sea level has risen by an average of 20 centimeters since the late 19th century, and the research by scientists studying the last 25 years of satellite data found that the ocean water is rising faster and faster. If it continues at its current rate, the rise in sea level by 2100 will be more than double the current estimates. Sea level rise leads to the destruction of coastal wetlands, flooding and damage to water ecosystems.
Temperature and precipitation (沉淀) are key elements of climate. A warmer climate means that more water rises from both the land and ocean, and a warmer atmosphere holds more of that water. Scientists have noticed that there are more heavy rainfall events. Additionally, higher water temperature in streams, lakes, and rivers lead to lower levels of dissolved oxygen in the water, which impacts the survival and populations of fish and other sea life.
Especially troubling are the extreme weather events that are happening more often around the world. Hurricanes are ramping up in intensity, particularly in North Atlantic. The year 2017 was a busy one for Atlantic hurricanes. Meanwhile, in the western United States, the state of California has had record-setting drought conditions, which began in 2012.
1. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 1?A.Global warming has little damage to the land. | B.Ocean acidification affects the sea temperature. |
C.Coral reefs are in danger of disappearing. | D.Corals and sea creatures need critical surroundings. |
A.Sea level rise has positive effect on sea animals. |
B.By 2100 the sea level will rise 20 centimeters. |
C.Global heating is the direct cause of wetlands destruction. |
D.The rise of sea level is beyond our imagination. |
A.Increasing. | B.Failing. | C.Appearing. | D.Changing. |
A.High Sea-surface Temperatures to Creatures | B.Global Warming, What Damages It Causes |
C.Ways to Stop High Sea-surface Temperatures | D.Extreme Weather Events and Global Warming |
2 . SEA Summer High School Programs 2022
Science at SEA
Science at SEA is a four-week program for rising high school juniors and seniors, as well as recent high school graduates, which focuses on the coastal and offshore marine environment around Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The program includes a shore component on the SEA campus in Woods Hole and a sea component aboard the Sailing School Vessel (SSV) Corwith Cramer.
July 21 — August 13 Expense: $4,000
SEA Quest
SEA Quest is a two-week program that welcomes high school students and recent graduates. Participants will gain hands-on experience conducting field research, sailing at all ship, and understanding of the complexities of creating and managing marine reserves. They return home with a broader sense of the ocean's importance to our planet and the need to preserve this precious resource for future generations. Life here is fast-paced. No prior sailing experience is necessary. Strong desire to learn is required!
July 11 — July 22 Expense: $3,200
SEA Cape
This three-week summer program at SEA offers current high school students the opportunity to study the marine environment from a variety of perspectives: scientific, historical, and literary. Participants live and study at our campus in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
June 27 — July 14 Expense: $3,800
SEA Expedition
This two-week summer program for high school students, including graduating seniors, is centered on learning by doing. SEA Expedition is a multidisciplinary experience that welcomes students to participate in every aspect of a challenging offshore sailing and oceanographic expedition, and occurs entirely aboard the SSV Corwith Cramer. Life at sea is fast-paced and tough.
July 5 — July 17 Expense: $3,500
1. Which program lasts the longest?A.Science at SEA. | B.SEA Quest. | C.SEA Cape. | D.SEA Expedition. |
A.Previous experience in sailing. | B.Great eagerness to study the sea. |
C.Ability to conduct scientific experiments. | D.Knowledge of sea resources preservation. |
A.It offers opportunities of sailing. | B.It entirely takes place on a ship. |
C.It features many relaxing activities. | D.It allows graduates to participate in. |
3 . The London Book Fair
Time and Location
The London Book Fair will take place 18 — 20 June, 2023, Olympia London.
Children’s & Young Adult
Our Children’s & Young Adult section traditionally welcomes the leading names in the field to exhibit. These companies enjoy noisy passageways full of visitors and benefit from the opportunity to increase brand awareness. However, any children under 16 are not allowed to be at The London Book Fair.
Authors & Self-Publishing
Author HQ, which consists of a theatre and networking area, is one of our most popular features, attracting great interest from the self-publishing community. Meanwhile, our Author of the Day programme helps bring writers face-to-face with bestselling authors who will share their journey to publication during a special series of talks at the fair.
Technology and Publishing Solutions
All the new ways to treat content are found in the Tech area at LBF, located in the National Gallery of Olympia. Whether it is an app, game, mobile development or enhanced eBook — or a development not yet launched — the Tech area is its home. To keep the creativity flowing, there is a dedicated Buzz Bar in the heart of the Tech area for those all-important networking meetings.
BA Members
BA Members attend the fair for FREE and receive a number of key benefits, making the fair a more accessible, cost-effective and highly relevant event for booksellers. Simply click here to find out more about becoming a BA member and take advantage of this offer.
If you have any further difficulties, please contact our Customer Services team who will be happy to help.
1. Who will be welcomed by the London Book Fair?A.A mother with a kid. | B.A green hand writer. |
C.A primary school student. | D.A visitor getting to London in July. |
A.Apply for BA members. | B.Attend networking meetings. |
C.Increase brand awareness. | D.Contact Customer Services team. |
A.A textbook. |
B.A newspaper. |
C.A website. |
D.A fashion magazine. |
A.intense...rise to | B.harsh...meet | C.keen...face up to | D.fierce...encounter |
A.Just as | B.Even though | C.In case | D.Now that |
A.was being debated | B.was debated |
C.had been debated | D.debated |
7 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, even for the most accomplished chefs, cooking
Almost every Chinese kitchen has
8 . At first, the grains of rice that Ingo Potrykus held in his fingers did not seem at all
For more than a decade Potrykus had
At that point, he tackled an even greater challenge. The golden grains
The debate began the moment genetically engineered crops (GM crops) were first sold in the 1990s, and it has
The hostility is
The benefits did seem small
Many people
A.typical | B.special | C.local | D.white |
A.dreamed of | B.come in handy | C.been reminded of | D.broken up |
A.attempt at | B.effort to | C.resistance to | D.majority of |
A.But | B.And | C.While | D.Since |
A.surprise | B.obstacle | C.norm | D.opposition |
A.achieved | B.stressed | C.overlooked | D.contained |
A.was caught in | B.was alive with | C.be conscious of | D.was honored by |
A.announced | B.maintained | C.escalated | D.applied |
A.brilliant | B.understandable | C.discharged | D.rewarding |
A.introduced | B.reminded | C.respected | D.overlooked |
A.toss and turn | B.give and take | C.produce and sell | D.demand and supply |
A.until | B.after | C.although | D.when |
A.feature | B.mark | C.build | D.benefit |
A.worried about | B.ashamed of | C.filled with | D.admired for |
A.terror | B.misery | C.starvation | D.crisis |
A.was thinking | B.thought |
C.had thought | D.has thought |
10 . A fourth color might be added to traffic lights to better realize the potential of self-driving vehicles, as stated in a recent paper by researchers at North Carolina State University in the US.
Autonomous vehicles can do more than just drive-they are able to sense their surroundings and upload information. A shared network gives orders to stop at a crossing based on traffic conditions.
The added white lights would be used to signal to human drivers that autonomous vehicles are managing the upcoming traffic flow intelligently. Drivers don’t have to check the traditional lights if the white one is on. “The white lights will tell human drivers to simply follow the car in front of them,” one of the study authors Ali Hajbabaie told the university’s website.
Simulated (模拟的) models showed that autonomous vehicles were able to improve traffic flow on their own. Introducing the white light also has a positive effect on reducing fuel consumption. The higher the percentage of autonomous vehicles at a crossing, the faster the traffic moves, reducing about 40 to 99 percent of the total delay time.
What kind of infrastructure (基础设施) is needed as self-driving technology thrives? In an interview with China Surveying and Mapping magazine, Liu Jingnan at the Chinese Academy of Engineering shared his answers.
To begin with, the vehicle’s network that collects data about the environment and shares the data with other vehicles needs to be intelligent. High-precision maps are needed for autonomous vehicles to plan routes in detail. They can provide both updated information on traditional maps and real-time changes, such as accidents.
For example, when driving around a curve, the navigation (导航) system in the vehicle needs to calculate the safe speed based on the map’s information. And if the area is foggy, the network has to alarm the other cars to slow down.
Other elements on the road need to be upgraded too. For example, road markings should be precise and readable for machines. Sensors should be built on sidewalks and roads to allow vehicles to predict potentially dangerous situations.
1. What is the purpose of adding a white light to traffic lights?A.To signal to self-driving cars when to stop. |
B.To help driverless cars assess traffic conditions. |
C.To tell human drivers to go after the cars in front. |
D.To signal to human drivers to pass the cars ahead. |
A.Increased road safety. | B.Reduced fuel efficiency. |
C.Less time stuck in traffic. | D.Unpredictable traffic patterns. |
A.To calculate a safe speed for vehicles. | B.To provide real-time weather updates. |
C.To plan routes for autonomous vehicles. | D.To offer real-time data on road conditions. |
A.The advantages of autonomous vehicles. |
B.The role of the navigation system in self-driving cars. |
C.The application of the infrastructure in self-driving cars. |
D.The efficiency of self-driving cars handling emergencies. |