2 . Many students study by reading their notes and textbooks over and over again. But studies show there are more effective ways to help you study smarter.

    1     Many students know what they are expected to do. Yet many often fail to plan ahead. So they need first to set a reachable target. Break it into pieces and make them happen one by one. It may seem strange at first. But after two weeks or more, it becomes a normal thing.

Don’t just reread.     2     Rereading is like looking at the answer to a puzzle, rather than doing it yourself. It looks like it makes sense. But until you try it yourself, you don’t really know if you understand it.

Find examples. Abstract concepts can be hard to understand. It tends to be far easier to form a mental image if you have a concrete example of something.     3     On its own, that concept might be hard to remember. But if you think about a lemon or vinegar, it becomes easier!

Dig deeper. It’s hard to remember countless facts and figures if you don’t push further. Ask why things are a certain way. How did they come about? Why do they matter? Psychologists call this elaboration(深究). It’s taking class material and asking many how and why questions about it.     4    

Practice more. Musicians practice their instruments. Athletes practice sports skills.     5     In a study, students took practice tests over several weeks. On the final test, they scored more than a full letter grade better, on average, than did students who studied the way they normally had.

As a teen, Cynthia Nebel studied by reading her textbooks, worksheets and notebooks. “Over and over and over again,” recalls this psychologist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn. Now, she adds, “we know that’s one of the most common bad study skills that students have.”

A．Make a budget and save it.

B．Make a plan and stick to it.

C．The same should go for learning.

D．However, not all can apply to students.

E．In other words, don’t just accept facts at face value.

F．Sadly, reading books and notes repeatedly is common for many students.

G．For instance, sour foods usually taste that way because they contain an acid.

5 . Last weekend, I said goodbye to another dear old friend. We had 12 fine years together, but our relationship was becoming dysfunctional(不正常的). Unwanted emissions and serious health problems were the final straw, leaving me with no choice but to make a trip to the knacker’s(收废汽车者的)yard.

I am now car-free for the first time in 20 years, and it feels strange. When I gave up meat, I did so mainly for environmental reasons, and I didn’t miss it at all. I would like to say the same about my car, but I can’t. It was first and foremost a financial decision: keeping the old car on the road was getting too expensive.

But doing the right thing for the wrong reasons is still doing the right thing — I now have a chance to rethink how I move myself and my family around, and can try to find a more environmentally friendly means of transport.

Going car-free is, I think, a lifestyle change that many of us are going to make over the next few years, as car ownership becomes increasingly unnecessary, expensive and socially unacceptable. However, it is easier said than done. Now my car is gone. I still need to get around. But how? I already cycle to work and use public transport when appropriate. But there are some occasions when a car seems to be the only way.

I won’t buy one: I have joined a car-share program and will use taxis more often. I will hire a car if I need to drive a long distance. But then I am still travelling in fossil-fuelled cars(燃油汽车), like when I quit meat and ended up eating more cheese. I fear I may have swapped one environmental problem for another.

I am also afraid to think about the ultimate fate of my car. I have just offloaded more than a ton of metal, plastic, rubber, fabric, electronics, oil and petrol that will end up in a landfill. There are millions of similar vehicles in the UK alone that will have to go somewhere.

Maybe I am overthinking it. According to Charlie Wilson, a climate scientist at the UK’s Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, getting rid of a private car is no doubt a positive step to reduce CO₂ emissions.

He points to research by the OECD’s International Transport Forum. “They showed that moving from a private vehicle fleet(车队)to a shared vehicle fleet can greatly cut the number of vehicles you need to deliver the mobility that we need and want. If that vehicle fleet is electrified, you can also bring CO₂ emissions close to zero.”

So in other words, just get rid of your car.

1. What do we know about the author’s car?

A．It was old.	B．It was green.
C．It was his first car.	D．It was a second-hand car.

2. What do the author’s giving up meat and saying goodbye to his car have in common?

A．He did both for the wrong reasons.	B．He thinks both help him save money.
C．He considers both are right decisions.	D．He did both out of concern for the environment.

3. What does the author fear?

A．He may have to spend more on travel.

B．His lifestyle might be changed completely.

C．He might get bored with public transportation.

D．His decision may fail to help the environment.

4. What does Charlie Wilson say?

A．It is wise to do away with old private cars.

B．It is very easy to deal with old private cars.

C．Electric cars are the solution to traffic problems.

D．The OECD plays a key role in promoting car-sharing.

7 . Now cities are full of cars. Some families even have two or more cars. Parking (停车) is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around the cities. Something will have to be done to change it. What will the cars of tomorrow be like?

Little cars may some day take the place of today’s big cars. If everyone drives little cars in the future (将来) there will be less pollution (污染) in the air. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded. Three little cars can fit (适合) in the space now needed for one car of the usual size.

The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive. Driving will be safer, too. What is more, these little cars can go about 65 kilometers per (每) hour.

Little cars of the future will be fine for getting around a city, but they will not be useful for long trips. If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the big, fast cars, and other roads will be needed for the slower small ones.

1.         is the big problem for those people who have cars.

A．Money

B．Parking

C．Driver

D．Waiting

2. Cars in the future mustn’t bring         pollution in the air.

A．more

B．much

C．less

D．no

3. The little car’s size may be         today’s car’s size.

A．one third of

B．two thirds of

C．as big as

D．as small as

4. Little cars are very fine for        .

A．long trips

B．journeys

C．everyday life

D．sport

8 . Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here is some advice for you.

Don’t argue with your parents. Don’t try to talk about something with your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t listen to you if you are shouting at them. Go somewhere else to cool off. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you think you can’t speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter to them.

Try to understand your parents. Your parents may think differently from you. Tell your parents what you think, what you care about and why. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. Put yourself in their shoes and you may find a better way out.

Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to an agreement. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days.

It is also important to show your love to your parents. Try to do some small things at home, like making them a cup of tea, helping do some chores, and so on. It helps to keep your relationship closer. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try.

1. The passage mainly talks about the communication problem between ________.

A．parents and school teachers

B．school kids and their parents

C．teachers and their students

D．parents and children of all ages

2. Your parents probably won’t listen to you if you don’t ________.

A．show your love to them	B．often stay with them
C．speak to them politely	D．do chores for them

3. The story of Micheal shows that it’s important to ________.

A．understand each other

B．stay away from your parents

C．argue with each other

D．disagree with your parents

4. Doing some small things at home can make your parents feel that ________.

A．you are happy

B．you love them

C．you like chores

D．you are relaxed

5. Which of the following is NOT true?

A．It’s certainly necessary to show your love to your parents.

B．It’s hard for all the teenagers to communicate with their parents.

C．Think it over before you want to talk to your parents about something.

D．Put yourself in your parents’ shoes and you may find some good ways to communicate with your parents.

9 . —Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.
—Oh, how nice of you! I ________ you ________ to bring me a gift.

A．never think; are going	B．never thought; were going
C．didn’t think; are going	D．hadn’t thought; were going

10 . A dictionary is very useful for the people who are learning English. People will use a dictionary for help when they have difficulty in reading a passage or doing English exercises. You will make more progress if you know how to use a dictionary efficiently (有效地)     1    

Choose a suitable (合适的)dictionary.     2     You can choose a dictionary which is suitable for your English level, needs and interests. For a middle school student in Grade 9, you can choose OXFORD INTERMEDIATE LEANER’SENGLISH-CHINESE DICTIONARY.

Try to guess the meaning of a new word before you use a dictionary. You may have had such an experience when you are reading a passage：there are some new words in it and you have difficulty in understanding the full passage. What will you do in this situation?    3    Learn culture from a dictionary. You don’t just learn a new word’s pronunciation, meaning, part of speech and other usages.     4    

A dictionary is a good friend for learning English. It’ s a waste for you not to use a dictionary in your study. But don’t think the more you use a dictionary, the better result you can get.     5     If you can do as I have told you, I think you will improve your English soon.

A．You can learn some cultural knowledge from a dictionary as well.

B．You should use your dictionary in the right way.

C．Here are some ideas on how to use a dictionary efficiently.

D．Choosing a good dictionary is very important for an English learner.

E．I think you should guess the meaning before you use your dictionary