| A．It still looks quite new. | B．It requires a thorough repair. |
| C．Its appearance needs improving. | D．It doesn't run quite well. |
| A．He lost the way. | B．He didn’t observe traffic rules. |
| C．He was driving in the rain. | D．He was driving in heavy traffic. |
| A．Worried. | B．Confident. | C．Surprised. | D．Excited. |
| A．Go sailing. | B．Go swimming. | C．Stay indoors. | D．Watch TV. |
| A．An accountant. | B．A saleswoman. |
| C．A bus driver. | D．A policewoman. |
| A．Doctor and patient. | B．Boss and ·employee.. |
| C．Teacher and student. | D．Mother and son. |
In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There were floods of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, was to erect a dam to say no to laziness and greed.
These days that model is out of fashion. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. your will power is no longer like a dam.
The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things are beyond our direct control.
Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habits, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits- cue, routine and reward.
You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that’ll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don’t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk. Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to handle the neural networks inside.
To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and his is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings.
If you want to change your life, don't just look for a clever cue. Commit yourself to some larger global belief.
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Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath.
The earliest saunas were probably, underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave.
A few people today say that the smoke sauna, ''savusauna'', is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor(4wk)or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available .
Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis (关节) may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain. Asthma(哮喘)patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to speed recovery time.
Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. a good sweat removes dirt from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes The cardiovascular (心血管) system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute .
| A．An extra-large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in |
| B．A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice |
| C．The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. |
| D．The body's core temperature usually rises 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever |
| E．After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours |
| F．Some people prefer taking a warm shower beforehand to speed up perspiration (流汗) in the sauna. |
9 . Does an unborn baby know his mothers' voice? Psychology professor Anthony DeCasper designed an experiment to find it out. He placed padded earphones over a newborn's ears and gave him a bottle nipple(奶嘴) attached to a closed rubber tube Changes in pressure in the tube switched channels on a tape recorder. If the baby paused extra long between bursts of sucking(吮吸) he heard one channel; if he paused shorter than average, he heard the other. The baby now had the ability, in effect, to change.
DeCasper found that newborns choose the recording of their mothers' voice over that of another woman's. The baby, however, has no innate(天生的) interest in his father's voice, which is heard in the womb(子宫) only: from time to time, while the mother’s voice is ever present. Within two weeks after birth, however, the baby can recognize Dad’s voice,too.
A newborn is even attuned (调和)to the rhythm of his native language. In a French study using a setup similar to DeCasper's, French babies given the choice between French and Russian words responded more to the sound of French.
Brian Satt, a research specialist in clinical psychology, has parents sing a lullaby-like ''womb song'' to their babies. The unborn baby often develops a specific, consistent movement pattern when its song is sung. According to Satt, most parents can calm a fussy newborn with the song most of the time, which is a prize worth more than rubies to a new parent.
He is woken up by a heavy jolt (颠簸):His mother has fallen heavily on one hip. He is much too well cushioned (缓冲) to experience any injury, but her pain and the fear that she may have hurt him floods both their bodies with stress-related hormones. He cries and kicks vigorously, a cry never heard because there is no air to make sound. As she recovers, the stress hormones fade away, and he calms down, too.
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?| A．An unborn baby can occasionally hear his fathers voice |
| B．DeCasper's approach proved effective in a French experiment |
| C．An unborn baby has a good command of his native language |
| D．Padded earphones are used in DeCasper's experiment |
| A．is unable to identify his mother's lullaby after birth |
| B．is able to identify his mother's voice rather than that of others’ |
| C．is able to help release stress-related hormones |
| D．is able to distinguish French accent from Russian accent |
| A．mother's stress, anger or shock might not hurt the unborn baby in the womb |
| B．an unborn baby’s cry might never be heard because of the condition of the womb |
| C．lullabies are always useful in calming a fussy newborn |
| D．an unborn baby has to kick violently and repeatedly in the womb |
| A．belongs to one of the natural tendencies some animals also have |
| B．is an indication which shows an unborn baby can use all his senses after birth |
| C．is a physiological reaction of human beings |
| D．is the most important factor which leads an unborn baby to the survival in the womb |
10 . Most of the guests who come on our trips have never been to Egypt before. We want to make everyone comfortable and at ease, but we do always get the same questions in advance of the trip. So here I will give you some travel tips.
What should I wear?
If you're lucky enough to visit Egypt between November and February, pack a sweater. You’ll need it - the desert gets rather cold at night. During the day, the temperature will be agreeable and comfortable. Any other time, pack as if you're going to Phoenix of Vegas in August. For the ladies, bathing suits are normal if there's a pool where you are going, but leave the string bikini at home it is a Muslim country, after all. Last, if you are planning on visiting any mosques (清真寺) or certain parts of upper Egypt, ladies will need to plan on bringing something that comes at least to the elbow(肘部), and no shorts for men or women in those areas.
What special things do I need to pack?
One of my favorite things in the world to bring to Egypt is an Evian water, a sprayer with a fine mist of Evian water. You may be able to find it in your local drug store. Spray a little on your face or head, and your body temperature will feel like it's dropped 10 or15 degrees. Other items include your camera, sun block and extra batteries .
What medical preparation do I need?
In a word: none!. The one thing you may come down with in Egypt is politely called ''Pharoah's Revenge''. The thing that gets rid of Pharoah's Revenge is a regionally produced medicine, and is available at every drugstore for $1 a box. Don't drink local water. Do drink bottled water, avoid the skins of fresh vegetables, and you’ll be fine.
1. What clothing is proper for ladies visiting a mosque?| A．String bikinis. | B．Bathing suits | C．Long-sleeve clothes | D．Shorts |
| A．To relieve your thirst | B．To cool yourself down. |
| C．To prevent sunburns | D．To drive away insects |
| A．a battle | B．a tale | C．a disease | D．a plant |
| A．describe a journey to Egypt to the tourist | B．offer some practical tips on traveling in Egypt |
| C．warn readers of the poisonous insects in Egypt | D．attract more tourists to Egypt |
