2 . “Adolescent chimpanzees (黑猩猩) are in some sense facing the same psychological characteristics that human teens are,” said Alexandra Rosati,a professor at the University of Michigan. “Our findings show that several key features of human adolescent psychology are also seen in our closest primate relatives.”
The researchers conducted two tests involving food rewards with 40 wild-born chimpanzees in Republic of Congo. The chimpanzees voluntarily participated in the games to receive food treats.
Chimpanzees experience adolescence at about 8 to 15. Like humans, chimpanzees show rapid changes in hormone levels during adolescence,start forming new bonds with companions, show increases in aggression and compete for social status.
In the first test, adolescent and adult chimpanzees could choose between two containers in a gambling (投机) task. One container always contained peanuts, a food that chimpanzees somewhat like. Hidden in the other one was either an unlined food — a cucumber slice — or a favorite food — a banana slice. The chimpanzees could play it safe and get the peanuts, or take a chance for some greatly desired banana at the risk of ending up with unappetizing cucumber. The chimpanzees’ emotional reactions were recorded, including angers, screams, or sticking on the table.
During several rounds of the test, adolescent chimpanzees took the risky option more often than adult chimpanzees, but adolescents and adults had similar negative reactions when they received cucumber.
The second test, modeled after the famous “marshmallow test” with human children, examined delayed satisfaction where chimpanzees could receive one banana slice immediately or wait for one minute to receive three slices. Both adolescent and adult chimpanzees chose the greater delayed reward at a similar rate. Human teens lend to be more impulsive (冲动) than adults so they would be more likely to take the immediate reward.
“Prior research indicates that chimpanzees are quite patient compared with other animals, and our study shows that their ability to delay satisfaction is already mature at a fairly young age, unlike in humans,” Rosati said.
Risk-taking behavior in both adolescent chimpanzees and humans appears to be deeply biologically rooted, but increases in impulsive behavior may be specific to human teens.
1. What does the first test aim to find out about chimpanzees?| A．Their problems of emotions. | B．The signs of aggression. |
| C．Their sense of adventure. | D．The change in hormone levels. |
| A．Give it a try. | B．Take an action. |
| C．Play with fire. | D．Avoid taking risks. |
| A．Puzzled. | B．Delighted. | C．Disappointed. | D．Surprised. |
| A．The chimpanzees prefer bananas to any other reward. |
| B．Human adolescents tend to enjoy the instant satisfaction. |
| C．Human teens’ ability to delay satisfaction develops better. |
| D．The chimpanzees are impatient to wait for delayed rewards. |
Do you suffer from bloating (肠胃胀气) or irritated bowels (拉肚子) when feeling stressed or anxious?
If you ever suffer from stomach troubles during a
“There’s
There are several things you can do
For instance, Dr. Ashton suggests, you may get stressed by not being prepared for some activity like
Think about how you can calm your day from
If you feel
Chinese fans seem to have special meanings in Chinese culture. I’ve
Men also use fans. But these fans are quite often much
| A．how | B．why | C．which | D．where |
6 . For most people, nothing is better than having an iced beer after you are back home in hot summer.
1. Beer reduces risk of heart disease You can easily reduce the risk of heart disease by 30% or more if you are one of the individuals who drink a pint of beer per day. The result is totally opposite if you drink too much beer. Be careful with your portions.
2.
Beer prevents diabetes due to the alcohol content which increases insulin (胰岛素) sensitivity. Also, beer is rich in dissolvable fiber that is so needed if the individual suffers from diabetes.
Beer minimizes risk of cancer Xanthohumol (抗氧化剂黄腐酚) is found in beer, which is very important since it has anti-cancer properties. Drinking beer in moderation speeds up chemical reactions that keep off the risk of prostate cancer (前列腺癌) in males.
4. Beer manages blood pressure
According to the recent studies carried out by Harvard researchers, middle-aged women who drink beer in moderation were much less likely to develop high blood pressure. Other alcoholic drinks do not have the same properties.
5. Beer treats dandruff (头皮屑)
You’ll be surprised to find the annoying dandruff finally gone.
| A．Beer lowers risk of diabetes. |
| B．Beer improves your oily skin. |
| C．Believe it or not, women should also drink beer. |
| D．At the same time, you may be a little nervous and guilty. |
| E．Some people prefer a beer to some pills when they get a cold in summer. |
| F．Remember it is how much beer you consume that matters to your health. |
| G．Beer is much healthier than all the shampoos and conditioners (护发素) that you see on the shelves in the supermarket or in advertisements. |
Guan Yu, an ancient general known for his loyalty and bravery in battles, has been widely worshipped (敬奉). The Temple of Guan Yu in Xiezhou, North China’s Shanxi Province, is the
In 2020, a research institute
Across the country, historical and cultural heritage sites are protected and studied to discover and learn about traditional Chinese culture, amid the nation’s efforts
In Shanxi, with local protection work
If you have not heard of Yangshi Lei, the
All the above great cultural relics and popular tourist attractions have been included on UNESCO’s World Heritage List,
Yangshi
With so many architectural
