1 . If you’re putting together a team for a project, you might tend to pick people with cheerful, optimistic characters and flexible thinking. But a new management study indicates your team might also benefit from people who have the opposite emotions (情感), according to experts from some universities.
The study, co-authored by Jing Zhou, investigates (研究) the effects of "team affective (情感的) diversity" on team creativity. The paper is among the first research to show how, why and under what condition teams "affective diversity" promotes team creativity
Team members with what researchers call "negative affect" exhibit critical and continuous thinking that allows them to find problems needing solutions, as well as to search out and critically evaluate relevant information. On the other hand, team members with "positive affect" engage in broad and flexible thinking that expands their range of information and helps them see unusual and creative connections, the researchers say.
"At any given point of time, some team members may experience positive affect such as joy and inspiration, while others may experience negative affect such as frustration and worry," Zhou said. "Instead of trying to homogenize (使类同) team members' affect, teams should enthusiastically accept affective diversity.”
When a team experiences a high level of this "affective diversity", what Zhou describes as "dual-tuning (双调谐)" leads to greater creativity.
"Our study suggests that teams may be aided in using their affective diversity via involvements that focus on building the team's memory system, which can be accelerated when team members spend time together, share goals, receive information about member specializations and train on the task together," Zhou said.
1. What is the new management study about?| A．Teams benefit more from negative people. |
| B．People with cheerful characters make good teams |
| C．Teams only benefit from people with flexible thinking |
| D．People with negative feelings might also benefit teams. |
| A．By addressing problems more efficiently | B．By assessing related materials seriously. |
| C．By encouraging broad and complicated thinking. | D．By investigating unusual and creative connections |
| A．By balancing team members' different emotions | B．By inspiring a high level of the affective diversity. |
| C．By praising positive affect like joy and inspiration. | D．By avoiding negative affect like sadness and worry. |
| A．Use Your Team's Emotions to Promote Creativity | B．Win Great Creativity by Searching for Its Reasons |
| C．Create an Excellent Team with Optimistic People | D．Homogenize Team Members' Affect Enthusiastically |
2 . When Demetris Payne saw a missed call from her son’s junior high school, she knew something was wrong. With a sigh, the single mom of four from Shreveport, Louisiana, called back. A school official said her 13-year-old son Jadarien was suspended (停课) for three days for talking back to his teacher. She was told to pick him up right away.
As soon as the pair got home, Payne took away her son’s cellphone and video games. She left him with her 70-year-old father, who lives with them.
“When I got home from work, he was eating strawberries and having fun with my dad.” Payne said. “It was like a vacation.” Payne knew she needed to do more to discipline him. So she handed him a tool and asked him to start cleaning up the yard. When he finished, she told him he’d be volunteering his yard services free of charge for people in need during the spare time of his suspension.
“He didn’t believe it,” Payne said. “I can be soft on him and baby him sometimes.” But Payne was serious. She posted a photo of Jadarien online with the heading, “Yard services-FREE”, explaining that he got suspended from school and would do yard services or wash cars for members of the community over the next three days. Some neighbours responded immediately.
Jadarien spent about two hours cleaning up the yards. He ended up hitting at least eight different homes. When he finished, Payne took him to the library, where he spent the rest of the day reading and completing his homework.
“We explained to him that these things weren’t to punish, but to teach him about discipline.” Payne said. “Whether the teachers are right or wrong, always respect them.”
On Tuesday, Jadarien was happy to finally head to school. Payne sat down with Jadarien’s teachers to help come up with a plan to keep him on track. However, she’s confident Jadarien learned his lesson.
1. Why was Jadarien suspended for three days?| A．He played his cellphone in class. | B．He talked about video games at school. |
| C．He said something against his teacher. | D．He failed to answer the teacher’s question. |
| A．Payne’s son, Jadarien. | B．Payne’s 70-year-old father. |
| C．An official in Jadarien’s school. | D．A classmate of Jadarien’s. |
| A．Anxious. | B．Shocked. | C．Awkward. | D．Worried. |
| A．When one track doesn’t work, try another. |
| B．When you behave worthily, your son will follow suit. |
| C．It takes three generations to make a gentleman. |
| D．Lessons learned from the past can guide one in the future. |
| A．He is an artist. | B．He is a businessman. | C．He is a host. |
4 . Born into poverty on 21 May 1799, Mary Anning had to work hard from a young age. Her parents had 10 children, of whom only two survived childhood --- Mary and her elder brother Joseph. Mary’s own survival was said by her parents to be a wonder. At the age of 15 months, a sudden rainstorm hit the shelter, where Mary, her babysitter, and two children stayed. A lightning strike killed them all except Mary.
She didn’t have formal education and was only taught to read at a Sunday school. Raised in the seaside holiday village of Lyme Regis in Dorset, Mary and Joseph made a living by selling fossils to holidaymakers at their father’s waterfront booth.
Her life changed in 1811 when Joseph noticed bones mixed together with rock. Unknown to them, this was the first ever discovery of an ichthyosaurus ( 鱼 龙 ), a marine lizard from the Triassic period. Anning noted down every find she made, and after failing to find any new fossils for over a year, in 1821 she made her next discovery, digging up three more ichthyosaur skeletons. This was followed two years later by an even more impressive find --- a complete plesiosaur(蛇颈龙). This was so extraordinary that many leading scientists declared it a counterfeit, unwilling to believe that an uneducated 24-year-old could find such remarkable remains. Additionally, society at the time was highly religious and many rejected these discoveries as they conflicted with the teachings of the Bible.
Despite the setback, Anning continued to make more shocking revelations. Anning also dug up fossilized shit, which made experts know the diets of prehistoric creatures. But her biggest find of all was the first complete skeleton of a pterosaur in 1828.
All of Mary Anning’s discoveries helped influence the study of paleontology(古生物学) as scientists began to take an increased interest in fossilized animals and plants. Her work also encouraged people to question the history of the Earth in more detail and encouraged girls and those from poor backgrounds by proving that they could succeed in scientific study, a profession mainly controlled by wealthy upper-class men.
1. What can we learn about Mary Anning from the first two paragraphs?| A．It was not easy for her to survive. |
| B．She didn’t experience the lightning strike. |
| C．She didn’t get basic knowledge about science. |
| D．It was impossible for her to find a job outside. |
| A．Something not needed. |
| B．Something not valuable. |
| C．Something not authentic. |
| D．Something not beneficial. |
| A．her get international fame |
| B．make her become more professional |
| C．experts better understand prehistoric creatures |
| D．convince the leading scientists of her discovery |
| A．the process of her findings |
| B．the significance of her discoveries |
| C．the discoveries of fossilized animals |
| D．the background of her scientific study |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I'm writing to express my heart-felt thanks to you for your gift on my eighteen birthday. I certainly loved this portable computer very much. I was looking forward to have a portable computer since my teachers assigned us many homework online. With this computer, I can do my homework whenever I free. Besides, it offers me so much convenient to download useful information from websites. On the Saturday or Sunday, when I have time I can chat with my friends under the help of this computer. Of course, I will work hard than before at my lessons in the future. Here again, I would like to express my thanks to you. best wish!
A few weeks ago, I received a letter. It was from a friend of
I can still remember one of the first times my world
One day she let me try
Those simple words changed me. Can you change
7 . Some people are using old books to create works of art, including sculptures. They can change the shape of a hardcover book so it becomes 3-D. The resulting sculpture has not only a length and width, but depth. The process can be very simple, and the result is often beautiful.
There are many kinds of book folding. Artists fold, bend, and sometimes, cut a book's pages while keeping them together. The art works can be hung on a wall or placed on a table. "They look impressive on the wall," says writer Candice Caldwell. "A group of six of these on the wall together can look really beautiful, and they're just really simple folds."
In 2003, Caldwell started making clocks from old books when she saw plans for a simple book-folding project in a do-it-yourself magazine. She has since taught several friends and her mother how to create wall art from books.
Caldwell operates a blog. She writes about reshaping everyday objects like books for uses other than what they were designed for.
Clare Youngs, who is an illustrator (插图画家), has written a book called Folded Book Art. She says book folding is easy. From her home in England, she told the Associated Press by email that "It looks as if it is complex and unachievable, but it is really easy to do. You just don't tell anyone how easy it is and they will be amazed at your creations."
Youngs began making art from book pages several years ago when she saw pictures of folded books at the website Pinterest com. She also watched some videos on You Tube that tell how to create art from books.
Youngs suggests folding cooking recipe and photography books. She says that "If it's really visual and really colorful when you start to fold them, you get a whole new look on the wall."
1. What does Caldwell write about online？| A．Creating everyday objects. |
| B．The works of art on the wall. |
| C．A project in a do-it-yourself magazine. |
| D．Changing the shape of daily items for other purposes. |
| A．It is boring. | B．It is dangerous. |
| C．It is unnecessary. | D．It is not complex. |
| A．In the library. | B．From friends. |
| C．On the internet. | D．From cooking recipes. |
| A．Recycling old things. | B．Ways to fold various books. |
| C．a new use for old books. | D．The goal of book folding. |
8 . Below you will find a list of streaming services and channels that focus on TV and movies, various sports, documentaries, and more.
Netflix
Cost: $8.99/ month for a basic plan that allows a single screen in standard definition (清晰度); $12.99/ month for a standard plan that allows two screens at once and HD Streaming.
Watch it on: Android mobile devices and tablets; Windows phones; Amazon Fire TV devices; Apple TV.
Notes: Netflix subscribers can download select programming for offline viewing, and the number of devices you can download on is equal to the number of screens you can use at one time.
Hulu
Cost: $5.99/month for a basic plan that features limited commercials; $ 11.99/month for an ad-free plan.
Watch it on: Android mobile devices and tablets; Nintendo Switch; Play station 3 and PlayStation 4.
Notes: Ad-free subscribers can download select programming for offline viewing.
Amazon prime
Cost: $12.99/ month; $6.49/ month for student membership; $119/ year for an annual membership; or $59/ year for an annual student membership.
Watch it on: iOS mobile devices and tablets; Android mobile devices and tablet; amazon Fire TV devices.
Notes: An Amazon Prime subscription includes access to all other benefits of Prime membership.
Apple TV+
Cost: $4.99/ month after 7-day free trial; free for 1 year with purchase of an Apple device and if redeemed (赎回) within 90 days; free with Apple music Student Plan.
Watch it on: Android mobile devices and tablets; Amazon Fire TV devices; Apple TV.
Notes: Apple TV+ is available through apple TV channels.
1. What device can be used in watching Netflix？| A．Nintendo switch | B．Windows phones. |
| C．iOS mobile devices and tablets. | D．Play Station 3 and PlayStation 4. |
| A．$59/year. | B．$77.88/year. | C．$119/year. | D．$155.88/year. |
| A．Netflix. | B．Hulu. | C．Amazon Prime. | D．Apple TV+. |
9 . A global group of scientists have reduced the time it takes to find and introduce disease-resistance genes from wild plants into domestic crops such as rice, wheat and potato, a research revealed on Tuesday.
Scientists from the John Innes Center in Britain, along with colleagues from Australia and the United States, have created a database known as AgRenSeq, where researchers can easily search for resistance genes already discovered in wild relatives of modern crops.
The study was co-authored by a global expert Professor HarbansBariana from the University of Sydney, who said that this technology will support the discovery and characterization of new sources of disease resistance in plants. Once researchers have identified resistance genes using AgRenSeq, they can clone them and introduce them to domestic crops to protect against diseases and pests,
“We have found a way to scan the genome(基因组)of a wild relative of a crop plant and pick out the resistance genes we need and we can do it in record time,” Dr. Brande Wulff, a project leader from the John Innes Centre, said.
“This used to be a process that took l0 Or 15 years and was like searching for a needle in a haystack(干草堆),” Wulff said. “We have perfected the method so that we can clone these genes in a matter of months and for just thousands of dollars instead of millions.”
The team are highly optimistic about their work, predicting it to be utilized in protecting many crops with wild relatives including soybeans, pea, cotton, potato, wheat, rice, banana and cocoa. “Using speed cloning and speed breeding we could deliver resistance genes into the best varieties within a couple of years, like a phoenix(凤凰) rising from the ashes,” Wulff added.
1. How have the researchers developed the resistance genes?| A．By reducing the research time. |
| B．By introducing them to wild plants. |
| C．By cloning them from domestic crops. |
| D．By getting resistance genes from wild plants. |
| A．It will protect crops from being damaged by pests. |
| B．It will create a database for researchers to search. |
| C．It will protect domestic crops for 10 to 15 years. |
| D．It will contribute to reducing the wild plants. |
| A．Produced. | B．Made. |
| C．Used. | D．Studied. |
| A．The resistance genes cost millions of dollars. |
| B．The resistance genes were found in a haystack. |
| C．It took the researchers ten years to find the resistance genes. |
| D．Disease-resistance genes will be put into practice soon. |
1. 活动举办的意义；
2. 活动内容；
3.时间和地点。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Darren,
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Yours,
Li Hua
