1 . In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett-“Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad.
Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism. “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says.
It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
1. Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph 1?A.To offer an example to handle failure. |
B.To describe a shallow understanding of failure. |
C.To introduce a common attitude towards failure. |
D.To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. |
A.It protects us from false feedback. | B.It pictures us as competitive people. |
C.It poses a severe threat to self-image. | D.It denies negative feedback to ourselves. |
A.Short-sighted. | B.Wait-and-see. | C.Objective. | D.Skeptical. |
A.Unhappily. | B.Mistakenly. | C.Hurriedly. | D.Carelessly. |
A.Don’t escape when our self-image is broken. |
B.Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. |
C.Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. |
D.Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. |
A.providing | B.having provided | C.provided | D.to provide |
(1) 演出时间、内容;(2) 邀请观看。
注意:(1)写作词数应不少于100;
(2)可适当增加情节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Sam,
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Yours,
Li Hua
1. 入乡随俗
2. 忙于做
3. 到达视线所及之处
4. 无限的想象力
5. 证明是一次巨大的成功
6. 一个令人尴尬的时刻
7. 拓宽某人的知识
8. 通过体育运动促进中国文化
9. 创设一种特定的氛围
10. 正要去做某事时突然……
5 . Last year, wildfire spread through Boulder, Colorado. It wasn’t a hot summer day. It wasn’t a forested neighborhood. It was winter in the suburbs (郊区). More than 1,000 homes and buildings burned.
Large parts of the country that don’t have wildfires are now at risk. They include nearly 80 million homes and buildings. That’s what new data shows. Over the next 30 years, the risk will only grow. The group First Street Foundation created a program called Fire Factor. People can go to a website to learn what their wildfire risk is in 2022 and in 2052. Right now, about 16% of Americans live in risky places. By 2052, that will go up to 21%.
California will likely suffer a lot from wildfire. That’s partly because it is so big and partly because of its weather. So California will be on the top of the at-risk list. But nearly half of all at-risk Americans in 2052 will live in the southern half of the U.S. The South will be home to the largest number of people at high risk: 32 million. States like Texas, Florida, Oklahoma, and North and South Carolina will be “in the line of fire,” so to speak, and so will southwestern states like Arizona and New Mexico.
People are doing many things to make fire risk worse. They are moving to places where wildfire is a natural yearly event. They are building homes right next to plants and trees that can burn. Climate change has increased heat and dryness. That means any spark (火花) at any time can cause a big fire.
As with many climate threats, wildfires put minorities (少数群体) at the greatest risk. By 2052, about 44% of all Native Americans will live in places at major risk from wildfire. Nearly 1 in 4 Hispanics will. People who don’t speak English or own cars will have a harder time learning about and getting away from a fast-moving fire.
1. What problem did Boulder have last year?A.Strange weather. | B.Huge loss of forests. |
C.Widespread wildfires. | D.A rapid drop in populations. |
A.About 16% of Americans are safe now. |
B.The risky areas of wildfire are increasing. |
C.The risk of wildfire will be lowered in 2052. |
D.Nearly 80 million homes are burnt down by wildfire. |
A.Florida. | B.South Carolina. |
C.California. | D.New Mexico. |
A.Reasons why wildfire risk is worse. | B.Dangers humans may face in the future. |
C.Actions taken by humans to prevent fire. | D.Suggestions for self-protection in wildfire. |
A.About 16%. | B.About 21%. |
C.About 25%. | D.About 44%. |
6 . “Robot, stand up” — Oscar Constanza, 16, gives the order, and slowly but surely a large frame (支架) lifts him up and he starts walking. Fixed to his shoulders, chest, waist, knees and feet, the exoskeleton (外骨骼) allows Oscar — who has a genetic neurological condition that means he was unable to move — to walk across the room and turn around.
“Before, I needed someone to help me walk ... this makes me feel independent,” said Oscar, as his father Jean-Louis Constanza, one of the co-founders of the company that makes the exoskeleton, looked on.
“One day Oscar said to me: ‘Dad, you’re a robotic engineer. Why don’t you make a robot that would allow us to walk?’” his father said in Paris. “Ten years from now, there will be no, or far fewer, wheelchairs,” he said.
Other companies across the world are also making exoskeletons, competing to make them as light and usable as possible. Some are focused on helping disabled people walk, others on applications, including making standing less tiring for factory workers. Wandercraft’s exoskeleton, an outer frame that supports but also simulates (模仿) body movement, has been sold to many hospitals in France, Luxembourg and the United States, for about 150,000 euros a piece. It cannot yet be bought by private individuals for everyday use — that is the next stage the company is working on. A personal skeleton would need to be much lighter, Wandercraft engineers said.
Just outside Paris, 33-year-old Kevin Piette, who lost the ability to walk in a bike accident 10 years ago, tries one on, walking around his apartment, remote controller (遥控器) in hand. “In the end, it’s quite similar: instead of having the information going from the brain to the legs, it goes from the remote controller to the legs,” he said, before making his dinner and walking with it from the kitchen to the living room.
1. What difficulty did Oscar face?A.He didn’t get along well with his father. | B.He didn’t get the right treatment. |
C.He failed to invent a robot. | D.He lost his ability to walk. |
A.Support his dream of being an engineer. | B.Help him get away from the wheelchair. |
C.Stop limiting his freedom. | D.Set up a robot company. |
A.Other companies. | B.Exoskeletons. |
C.Disabled people. | D.Factory workers. |
A.They are affordable for most disabled people. | B.They will have a big market. |
C.They have reached the common family. | D.They are not as useful as expected. |
A.It is difficult to control. | B.It is worse than real legs. |
C.It can satisfy his daily needs. | D.It helps him follow his dreams. |
7 . It all started with a tweet from a social media influencer Jérôme Jarre on March 15 after he was on a call with a volunteer in Somalia who had just seen a 6-year-old girl die after walking 90 miles with her mother in search of water. In Somalia alone, 6.2 million people are in need of help.
In his video, Jarre says that everyone is on social media from food and water companies to airlines. What if they could find an airline willing to send food and water to Somalia?
With Turkish Airlines being the only airline that flies to Somalia, he started a GoFundMe campaign (活动) called “Love Army for Somalia” and challenged viewers to post on social media #TurkishAirlinesHelpSomalia to get them to set aside one of their flights to Somalia for food.
The campaign took off, and other social media influencers joined the movement to help spread the word. Within days, many famous people joined the cause. Turkish Airlines listened and came back with an answer, saying they would keep donating (捐赠) a plane to be filled with food until the end of the famine (饥荒). This campaign received $1 million within 24 hours with the average (平均的) donation being around $28 — the highest donation of $50,000 came from Alex and Ani, a jewelry company.
The goal was to reach $1 million in 10 days and the amount (数量) of money raised in such a short time by so many people surprised Jarre. However, they don’t want this to be a one-off campaign, and to keep the campaign going they’ve come up with another hashtag, #NominatedForSomalia, and ask each donor to encourage three friends to donate through social media.
Jérôme Jarre is in Somalia right now and sharing wonderful images that will put a smile on your face and make sure help is reaching the right people.
1. What happened to the 6-year-old girl?A.She lost her way. | B.She lost her life. |
C.She failed to be a volunteer. | D.She failed to stay close to her mother. |
A.To set up an organization. | B.To give up using social media. |
C.To raise money from the public. | D.To apply for a job in an airline. |
A.Paragraph 2. | B.Paragraph 3. | C.Paragraph 4. | D.Paragraph 5. |
A.It was a great success. | B.It drew little attention. |
C.It fell short of its goal. | D.It was questioned by viewers. |
A.Hopeful people in bad situations |
B.Huge social influence of famous people |
C.The big change social media makes in our life |
D.A powerful story on using social media for good |
8 . In January 2016, I was eighteen years old at the time. I was going through a
I rewatched “The Nanny” and then I met a lovely girl named Hannah in an online community. We shared how much we loved the
I started to
In March 2017, the
Life, however, had other plans and I
I can’t describe the feeling of our first hug (拥抱) — it was
She is my best friend, and
A.reasonable | B.long | C.hard | D.different |
A.failed | B.finished | C.changed | D.wanted |
A.waiting for | B.looking for | C.giving up | D.picking up |
A.understood | B.praised | C.warned | D.attracted |
A.sitcom | B.girl | C.Internet | D.job |
A.forget | B.care | C.write | D.talk |
A.stop | B.love | C.avoid | D.teach |
A.common | B.easier | C.new | D.stronger |
A.landed | B.needed | C.left | D.created |
A.treated | B.supported | C.hurt | D.challenged |
A.tough | B.private | C.eventful | D.unexpected |
A.memory | B.importance | C.cost | D.possibility |
A.publicly | B.jokingly | C.quickly | D.honestly |
A.visit | B.follow | C.check | D.thank |
A.refused | B.helped | C.managed | D.hoped |
A.boarded | B.sent | C.built | D.owned |
A.free | B.boring | C.fearful | D.magical |
A.team | B.connection | C.network | D.habit |
A.calling | B.inviting | C.telling | D.seeing |
A.work with | B.hear from | C.ask for | D.stay with |
A.which | B.that | C.whom | D.what |
A.which | B.that | C.who | D.what |