1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the mid-19th century, the world     1     (destroy) by cholera, a disease that killed thousands. In London, the epidemic (流行病) was particularly severe, with bodies piling up and fear running wild. In this chaos, a man name d John Snow rose     2       (challenge) the invisible enemy.

John Snow,     3     medical doctor, had a keen interest in finding the source of cholera. He was not convinced by the then-common belief       4     cholera was spread through bad air. His suspicions were aroused     5     he noticed that most cases were concentrated around a single water pump in Soho. He investigated deeper, mapping the pumps and     6       (associate) them with cholera cases.

With detailed observation and courageous experimentation, John Snow identified the polluted water     7     the “criminal” behind the epidemic. He convinced authorities to remove the handle of the pump,     8     (effective) stopping the spread of cholera. His actions saved     9       (count) lives and marked a significant turning point in public health history.

John Snow’s lasting impact serves as a     10     (remind) of the strength of observation, logical reasoning, and decisive action in the face of challenges.

2 . From unexpected colour to making clever environmental choices, Joanna Plant, an interiors specialist and tastemaker, shares her design intentions for the year ahead.

·What is your New Year design resolution?

I’d like to get out and look at things. The aim is to visit lots of houses and gardens for inspiration and see more exhibitions abroad. I love a house tour and try to find somewhere to go and look about whenever I travel outside London or abroad. I really appreciate seeing things first-hand these days.

·What was a highlight of 2023?

Selling my house of 22 years and having the improvement of a new property — very exciting to be doing a project for myself! What’s fantastic is to work with suppliers who have amazing collections to discover and those who allow us to change the colours or make changes to existing designs.

·What design ideas do you have that you hope to bring to fruition?

Happily, clients seem to be more responsive to having bolder paint plans and using more colours. We have been asking them to see how layering pattern can make a room more quiet and relaxing. I think that we are making our rooms look very nice by using a lot of decorative trims and accessories.

1. Where will Joanna prefer to go to get design ideas?

A．Houses in America.	B．Gardens in London.
C．Tastemakers’ houses.	D．Gardening exhibitions.

2. What will Joanna probably agree with?

A．That improving her old house is exciting.	B．That working with suppliers is very fantastic.
C．That clients are willing to paint more colours.	D．That layering pattern can make a room detailed.

3. In which section of a magazine may this text be?

A．New Property.	B．Home Decoration.
C．New Year Resolution.	D．Environmental Choices.

3 . When Mark Anthony Gonzales saw a police officer in need of assistance, every element of the moral code installed in him through his Brazilian jiu-jitsu (巴西柔术) training — morality, courage, benevolence (仁爱) — told him to stop his car and lend a hand, even though his wife, Rachel Ortiz, and his four kids were in the car.

The suspect, a balding man of medium build, was running from a police officer in San Antonio, Texas. Gonzales slowed down. So did the man being chased — to avoid running into Gonzales’s minivan. That hesitation allowed the officer to catch up and take the suspect to the ground. But Gonzales quickly realized that the officer did not have control of the situation with the suspect struggling fiercely.

Gonzales put his vehicle in park and jumped out, as did Ortiz. The first thing Gonzales did was identify himself and spell out his intention to make it two-on-one in the officer’s favor and not the other way around.

Then, with the man on his back and the officer struggling to control the man’s upper body, Gonzales put his weight on the man’s legs. Seconds later, when the suspect rolled onto his stomach, Gonzales used techniques he’d learned in the gym: digging his knee into the suspect’s el bow and pulling the suspect’s head toward him to maintain control from the side. He then applied an underhook — a jiu-jitsu move where the hands are placed under the opponent’s arm to control the shoulder and upper body — and tugged until, after a few seconds, the suspect’s shoulder gave out. The officer clicked on the handcuffs and the threat was over.

Gonzales had asked his wife to record everything to protect him just in case anything was called into question. But Ortiz posted the video on Facebook, where it attracted over 56 million views.

Among those awed by the video was Brazilian jiu-jitsu instructor Rener Gracie, a fourth-degree black belt, who stated: “The combination of Gonzales’s technique and his calm communication with both the officer and suspect is the stuff of legends!”

1. Why did Gonzales stop his car?

A．To protect his family.	B．To uphold justice.
C．To show his courage.	D．To perform jiu-jitsu.

2. What did Gonzales do first when he came to the officer?

A．He joined in the two-on-one fight.	B．He persuaded the suspect to give in.
C．He warned the policeman of danger.	D．He declared his identity and intention.

3. Why did Gonzales ask Ortiz to shoot the video?

A．To record his heroic deeds.	B．To avoid getting in trouble.
C．To attract views on Facebook.	D．To expose the suspect’s behavior.

4. What’s the best title of the article?

A．Jiu-jitsu Makes A Legend	B．A Victory Of Two-on-one
C．Lending A Well-Trained Hand	D．Justice Has Long Arms

4 . The polar research vessel (船舰) RRS Sir David Attenborough, which will always be thought of by some as Boaty McBoatface, is currently on an Antarctic task to find out how sea ice influences the cycle of nutrients and carbon in the world’s oceans.

The 12 researchers on board are using autonomous underwater vehicles to explore huge areas of free-floating sea ice. This will help us better understand how climate change is impacting organisms from microscopic plankton (浮游生物) to penguins and orcas. .

Last week, the vessel collected samples from around the A23a mega iceberg (a scientific term) . The largest iceberg in existence is almost 4, 000 sq km, equal to an area twice the size of Greater London, weighing close to a trillion metric tonnes and towering up to 1, 312 feet above the sea.

It originally broke away from a main ice shelf connected to Antarctica in 1986, but had remained stuck against the seabed ever since. Until last month. Now, A23a is drifting into the Southern Ocean.

Of course, one iceberg floating into warmer waters and melting is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the climate crisis. At COP28, billions and billions were promised to fund global I climate solutions, especially in developing nations. More than 130 countries agreed to deal with emissions in agriculture, with 118 promising to triple renewables too.

But more needs to be done. Forget the A23a iceberg being a threat to shipping, it’s a sign we may be all sunk.

1. What is the purpose of RRS Sir David Attenborough’s exploration?

A．To be thought highly of as Boaty McBoatface.

B．To study the impact of the sea ice in circulation.

C．To record the cycle of nutrients and carbon globally.

D．To stand out as one of the best research vessels in the world.

2. What was this exploration most concerned about?

A．The width of warm waters.

B．The shape of main ice shelf.

C．The size of remaining iceberg.

D．The weight of free-floating iceberg.

3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?

A．Joint efforts was made to fix the climate crisis.

B．COP 28 made a difference to the climate crisis.

C．The climate crisis will be solved in the near future.

D．The melting of iceberg is just the start of the climate crisis.

4. How can we describe the author’s attitude according to the text?

A．It never rains but it pours.

B．Facts speak louder than words.

C．Where there is global community, there is a way.

D．When the exploring stops, the destroying can too.

5 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Why does the author make this speech?

A．To tell how to bond with family members.

B．To introduce how to organize a surprising picnic.

C．To explain why listening and caring are important.

2. What was the kids’ response to the upcoming picnic?

A．Excited.

B．Worried.

C．Calm.

3. What can be known about the speaker?

A．He organizes picnics every Wednesday.

B．He prepares regular lunch for his daughters.

C．He enjoys sitting outside the front steps of the house.

4. What would the speaker probably agree with?

A．A picnic is sure to help form good family relationships.

B．Spending time together makes little difference to their kids.

C．It’s worthwhile to do small yet special things with their kids.

6 . 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the woman’s problem?

A．She refuses to make friends there.

B．She’s mistaken some sales figures.

C．She’s done poor in selling products.

2. What causes the woman’s problem?

A．She rarely makes apologies.

B．She hasn’t fit in well recently.

C．She likes feeling pity for herself.

3. What is the man’s suggestion?

A．Refresh and restart.

B．Pull friends together.

C．Take up another opportunity.

7 . 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
1. What will Amada do at 2: 00 tomorrow afternoon?

A．See a dentist.

B．Meet a client.

C．Attend a concert.

2. What kind of music does Amada prefer?

A．Jazz music.

B．Rock music.

C．Classical music.

8 . Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.    1    .

American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Taylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.    2    .

In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.     3    .

Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.     4    .

Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.     5    .

A．Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.

B．In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.

C．He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.

D．They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.

E．Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.

F．Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.

G．For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world.

9 . From eleven to twelve he planned to stand __________(静止的) and watch flies on the boards, watch bees in the clover, and watch swallows in the air. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)

10 . Pausing in the shade of an apple tree, he put his strong snout into the ground and began pushing, d__________(挖), and rooting. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）