1 . Farmers around the world face serious challenges in growing food more effectively. Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi (真菌), and bacteria. So to manage the threat, farms are turning to artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and computer vision to target pests more ________.

In 2019 the United Nations reported on the pest ________ causing crop losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year. Damage from plant diseases, it said, costs the world economy an estimated $220 billion annually, and invasive insects around $70 billion.

Smart farming is one way to combat the problem, using AI and robotics to kill bugs and reduce reliance on pesticides while ________ skilled worker shortages and adapting to climate change. Technologies include soil and crop sensors, satellite and drone monitoring, plus computer vision and AI data analysis to reduce the number of affected plants and increase crop ________.

Insect monitoring services like the UK’s Spotta offer ________ real-time data on invasive species. The company uses internet-connected dry traps to catch red palm weevils (象鼻虫) that attack date palms, causing more than $1 billion of losses in the Middle East, Africa, and North America each year.

Traps alert plantation workers to trees infested (寄生) with weevils so they can eliminate them before they cause any real damage. And this targeted approach means less pesticide is used, ________ the impact on other species.

________, the Californian agriculture technology startup FarmSense uses visual sensors and machine learning algorithms (算法) trained to find and track insects in real-time. With non-native invasive insect species ________ to increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050, these technologies could give farmers a huge advantage in eco-friendly pest control and food growing.

Precision spot spraying linked to AI is another valuable add-on that aims to ________ pesticide and herbicide use. Spraying entire crops can harm insect pollinators (传花粉者) like bees and becomes part of agricultural run-off when it is washed out of soil. But targeting weeds or insects using cameras and directed sprays can vastly reduce ________ use.

In the Czech Republic, scientists at Mendel University in Brno have built a sample robot that patrols greenhouses and can identify the different ________ of insect growth. It then ________ just enough insecticide to kill individual pests, working 24 hours a day to keep things under control.

Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and AI-controlled systems as the future of farming. In the case of 80 Acres, its pesticide-free indoor farms are ________ by AI every step of the way. Robots do a lot of the work and computer vision lets them know if crops need more nutrients or if pests are causing ________.

Their efforts are part of what analysts say will be a $2.6 billion AI-farming market by 2025. Reimagining how farming operates will be crucial says the World Bank – reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, and biodiversity loss. And technology will play its part in helping farmers improve their all-around crop ________.

1.

A．effectively

B．temporarily

C．desperately

D．enthusiastically

2.

A．mystery

B．burden

C．control

D．challenge

3.

A．conducting

B．strengthening

C．employing

D．addressing

4.

A．fields

B．diseases

C．yields

D．sensors

5.

A．targeted

B．enlarged

C．analysed

D．downloaded

6.

A．increasing

B．having

C．reducing

D．measuring

7.

A．Generally

B．Similarly

C．Hopefully

D．Unfortunately

8.

A．forecast

B．growth

C．cultivation

D．migration

9.

A．make

B．direct

C．instruct

D．minimize

10.

A．valuable

B．physical

C．chemical

D．scientific

11.

A．stages

B．types

C．species

D．options

12.

A．submits

B．applies

C．reduces

D．produces

13.

A．constructed

B．demonstrated

C．monitored

D．managed

14.

A．threat

B．treatment

C．evolution

D．damage

15.

A．association

B．cultivation

C．measurement

D．management

2 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. principles	B. obliges	C. varies	D. characterized	E. collectively	F. defines
G. proportion	H. completion	I. normally	J. delivers	K. systematic

Education

Education includes both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.

Formal education consists of     1     instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of teaching approaches and the development of curricula.

The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights     2     all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13.

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum     3     what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession     4     teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding which enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities. Sometimes educational systems can be used to promote     5     or ideals as well as knowledge, which is known as social engineering.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this     6     between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this     7     is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is     8     by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, "post-secondary", or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the     9     of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is     10     taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Restoring the peaceful spaces of Keyuan, and others, in Suzhou honors the past and keeps ancient skills alive, Wang Kaihao reports.

Students studying here two centuries ago seemed to be really enviable (令人羡慕的). First     1    (construct) in the 10th century as a part of a villa, the garden of Keyuan in Suzhou, Jiangsu province, was rebuilt and renewed on numerous occasions     2     history until it became a Confucian academy in 1805.

It was not, perhaps, an ivory tower where hermits became entirely emerged in metaphysical thinking honoring the ancient sages. The waterscape, rockeries and flourishing willows may have ushered (引导) students to step into a "painting"     3     earthly beauty and dynamics of a real world can be felt.

Keyuan, covering about 7,800 square meters, thus became the only     4     (survive) example among the classical gardens of Suzhou that     5     (function) as a school, whereas most of the rest were former residences.

However, its ownership changed hands several times in recent history, and the luster of the past seems     6     (forget) by the passing of time after the garden was finally used as offices and storerooms. The contrast became even more regrettable     7     the Great Wave Pavilion, a garden on the UNESCO World Heritage List that is just a few meters away across a narrow lane, was bustling with tourists every day.

When Keyuan was handed to He Fengchun, a veteran garden renovation designer, in 2012, her work to make “the pearl” shine again was challenging. The pond was muddy. Rocks were unstable. Plants were withering. Termites also took a toll on the buildings, the structure of which     8     (damage) through decades of neglect.

“Fortunately, its basic layout remained, ”recalls He, the director of Suzhou Institute of Landscape Architecture Design. “Detailed research of historical files and a survey of this site can thus offer us reliable references in     9     (consolidate) its structure and resuming the original landscape.”

Every step in the refurbishing and decorating process has to follow historical recordings and precedent, says the designer. If relevant documentation is vague, restorers     10     leave certain parts untouched to retain marks left by time.

“It took just more than one year for us to actually renovate this garden, but much longer time was spent in evaluating every detail in the plan and making sure of its historical accuracy,” she says.

Renovation of Keyuan was recognized with an Asia-Pacific Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation by UNESCO in 2019. A bright and elegant garden is now accessible to visitors and jointly portrays a culturally rich neighborhood with the Great Wave Pavilion.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。1.

A．Because he often goes shopping there.	B．Because he wants to find a job there.
C．Because he knows the fame of the clothes there.	D．Because he is a fashion designer.

2.

A．He just went abroad for further study.	B．He went to another city and worked there.
C．He travelled a lot across the country.	D．He just stayed in the countryside.

3.

A．A salesgirl.

B．A buyer.

C．A biology teacher.

D．A fashion designer.

4.

A．Jane’s tip is really worth the wait for a job application.

B．There is something wrong with the waiting tables in the restaurant.

C．He doesn’t want to work as a waiter any longer.

D．Working as a teacher will be a great opportunity for him.

5 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．He and other construction workers’ daily life.

B．He’s bitter life in construction sites.

C．He’s view on the changes back in his hometown.

D．He and his wife’s happy life in Sichuan Province.

2.

A．For about four years.	B．For about five years.
C．For about six years.	D．For about eight years.

3.

A．Because his life looks fantastic and full of high tech.

B．Because viewers see optimism and dedication there.

C．Because his vlogs are full of something ridiculous.

D．Because He and his wife’s life is very unique.

6 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．The plants barely grew without radiation.	B．The plants didn’t grow fast enough.
C．The plants looked much stronger.	D．Not all the seeds grew in lunar dirt.

2.

A．Because the astronauts didn’t take care of the dirt.

B．Because the dirt was exposed to radiation and solar wind for too long.

C．Because the dirt stressed the plants the most.

D．Because the Apollo 11 mission was unsuccessful.

3.

A．Because they felt it meaningless to keep the dirt for long.

B．Because they wanted more researchers to do experiments on it.

C．Because they are preparing to send astronauts to the moon again.

D．Because they want astronauts to know more about the moon dirt.

7 .

A．The test is really scary.	B．Henry should have passed the test.
C．Henry must be too sick to take the test.	D．The test shouldn’t be a block to schooling.

8 .

A．He has been stiff and sore for a week.	B．He shouldn’t have too much physical exercise.
C．He is supposed to do more office work.	D．Jonny is not as strong as before.

9 .

A．The man works as a tour guide.	B．The man loves his country the best.
C．The man has saved money for ten years.	D．The man has been to many countries.

10 .

A．She is too busy to meet Mr. Franklin at present.

B．She is not willing to meet Mr. Franklin until next Wednesday.

C．She is willing to ask her associates to meet Mr. Franklin.

D．She is only available now to meet Mr. Franklin in person.