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阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。本文回顾了百年前人们对于汽车的态度,由历史照见今日,为今天无人驾驶的兴起带来了启示。

1 . Driverless taxicabs, almost certainly coming to a city near you, have freaked out passengers in San Francisco, Phoenix and Austin over the past year. Some documented their experiences on TikTok, like “startled by the empty front seats during a ride to a coffee shop” or “we're making a left turn without using a left hand”.

The nervous laughter of anxious TikTokers reminds historian Victor McFarland of the pedestrians who yelled “Get a horse” to unlucky motorists in the 1910s. But McFarland, who teaches at the University of Missouri, says the innovative beasts known as automobiles were more threatening and unfamiliar to people a century ago than driverless cars are to us now. He says, “The early automobiles were noisy and dangerous. They had no seat belts and ran over pedestrians.

Contemporary over-scheduled families see benefits of driverless taxis. “If I could have a driverless car drive my daughter to every boring play date, that would transform my life, "Mathieu, a history professor, laughs. She says that larger concerns today include numerous laws that can be broken when no one is at the wheel.

A century ago, like now, there were concerns about the future of certain jobs. “A hundred-plus years ago, we were worried about teamsters being out of work,” Mathieu says. Teamsters then drove teams of horses Union members today include truckers, who might soon compete with driverless vehicles in their own dedicated lanes.

“You can’t have congestion-free driving just because you constantly build roads,”Peter Norton says, another history professor. Now, he says, is an excellent time to learn from what has not Worked in the past. “It doesn’t automatically get safe just because you have state-of the-art tech.”

Historians say we need to stay behind the wheel when it comes to driverless cars.

1. What does the underlined word “startled” mean in Paragraph 1?
A.delightedB.satisfiedC.embarrassedD.astonished
2. What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A.Cars were frightening to people at first.B.Cars were once considered as horses.
C.Cars were driven by horses 100 years ago.D.Cars were getting familiar with people.
3. What do historians really mean by saying “we need to stay behind the wheel when it comes to driverless cars.”?
A.Putting humans physically behind the wheel.
B.Exploring new technology further.
C.Building more roads to avoid congestion.
D.Getting on top of concerns over driverless.
4. What is the best title of the text?
A.Driverless Cars: Bridging the Past and Present
B.Driverless Cars: Pioneering a New Era
C.Driverless Cars: What History Teaches Us
D.Driverless Cars: How Innovations Shape the World
7日内更新 | 16次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模考试英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中(0.65) |
名校
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了德克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员在地震预测方面取得的进展,特别是他们开发的AI算法在地震预测方面的应用及效果。

2 . Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing promise in earthquake prediction, challenging the long-held belief that it is impossible. Researchers at the University of Texas, Austin, have developed an AI algorithm (算法) that correctly predicted 70% of earthquakes a week in advance during a trial in China and provided accurate strength calculations for the predicted earthquakes.

The research team believes their method succeeded because they stuck with a relatively simple machine learning approach. The AI was provided with a set of statistical features based on the team’s knowledge of earthquake physics, and then instructed to train itself using a five-year database of earthquake recordings. Once trained, the AI provided its prediction by listening for signs of incoming earthquakes within the background rumblings (隆隆声) in the Earth.

This work is clearly a milestone in research for AI-driven earthquake prediction. “You don’t see earth-quakes coming,” explains Alexandros Savvaidis, a senior research scientist who leads the Texas Seismological Network Program (TexNet). “It’s a matter of milliseconds, and the only thing you can control is how prepared you are. Even with the 70% accuracy, that’s a huge result and could help minimize economic and human losses and has the potential to remarkably improve earthquake preparation worldwide.”

While it is unknown whether the same approach will work at other locations, the researchers are confident that their AI algorithm could produce more accurate predictions if used in areas with reliable earthquake tracking networks. The next step is to test artificial intelligence in Texas, since UT’s Bureau TexNet has 300 earth-quake stations and over six years worth of continuous records, making it an ideal location for these purposes.

Eventually, the authors hope to combine the system with physics-based models. This strategy could prove especially important where data is poor or lacking. “That may be a long way off, but many advances such as this one, taken together, are what moves science forward,” concludes Scott Tinker, the bureau’s director.

1. How does the AI forecast earthquakes?
A.By identifying data from the satellites.
B.By analyzing background sounds in the Earth.
C.By modeling data based on earthquake recordings.
D.By monitoring changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.
2. What does Alexandros Savvaidis intend to show in paragraph 3?
A.The ways to reduce losses in earthquakes.
B.The importance of preparing for earthquakes.
C.The significance of developing the AI prediction.
D.The limitation of AI algorithms in earthquake prediction.
3. What will the follow-up research focus on?
A.Conducting tests in different locations.
B.Applying the AI approach to other fields.
C.Building more earthquake stations in Texas.
D.Enlarging the database to train the calculation accuracy.
4. Which words can best describe the earthquake-predicting technology?
A.Stable but outdated.B.Effective but costly.
C.Potential and economical.D.Pioneering and promising.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文为一篇说明文,介绍了纸质吸管在对于身体健康和环境保护上的负面影响。

3 . Picture the scene: you are sitting at a cafe on a hot summe’s day and decide to order a glass of lemonade. It arrives ice cold and you smile in contentment until the waiter asks if you want a straw. Now you have to choose to either take a straw or not. Actually, the decision is not an easy one.

A study by a European research group showed there are significant health and environmental risks associated with the paper-based and bamboo-based straws that have replaced plastic straws.

The recent ban on plastic straws saw the introduction of the modern paper straw. It was hoped by officials that it would address the environmental issues of single-use plastic. However, scientists observing the performance of the new paper straws found themselves puzzled by their ability of never getting soggy (浸湿的). They wondered what might be allowing paper straws to perform so well.

The first study to investigate this was performed by Alina Timshina and co-workers in 2021. It showed that paper and plant-based straws contain significant PFAS (含氟表面活性剂). These are fluorine-based chemicals that have remarkable properties in resisting water, oil and pretty much anything. And almost nothing degrades or reacts with PFAS which means they persist in the environment and will do so for thousands of years.

They also make it into the human body by migrating from packaging into our food and drink. Once PFAS are in our blood they are associated with a number of health effects such as liver and kidney disease. There is also evidence that PFAS may lead to increased risk of high blood pressure in pregnant women.

PFAS have also been found in plastic straws but at lower levels. The only material determined to be free of PFAS was stainless steel, which are currently not widely used, so you risk the embarrassment of sounding like a very demanding customer when asking for one. But then again, maybe we should all be more demanding when it comes to preserving the environment and human health.

1. Why does the writer mention the scene in paragraph 1?
A.To show the politeness of waiters.B.To reflect the necessity of drinks.
C.To highlight the importance of straws.D.To lead to the following findings.
2. What can be inferred about PFAS from the passage?
A.They are life-threatening.B.They are chemically stable.
C.They allow paper straws to resist water only.D.They are less in paper straws than plastic.
3. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?
A.Insisting on using steel straws.B.Imposing a ban on paper straws.
C.Putting steel straws into mass production.D.Promoting the use of plastic straws.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A.The availability of stain straws.B.The inefficient ban on plastic straws.
C.The negative effects of paper straws.D.The characteristics of different straws.
2024-06-14更新 | 22次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届江西省南昌市高三下学期二模英语试卷
阅读理解-七选五(约270词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了临床心理学家Taitz提出的一些快速缓解压力和焦虑的技巧。

4 . Feeling anxious? Try smiling or doing a good deed to get rid of it.

Taitz, a clinical psychologist, published a new book Stress Resets: How to Soothe (缓和) Your Body and Mind in Minutes.     1    . Here are a few of our favorites.

Name that emotion. You feel overwhelmed with negative emotions and you’re not sure why you feel this way.     2    . Maybe you’re feeling depressed and you’re at a 3 on a 0 to 5 scale. When you’re able to observe your emotion, this can loosen your sadness, anger or stress, says Taitz.

    3    . There’s been an upsetting event and now you think everything is terrible. Grab a pen and paper and make a list of what you care most about: health, friendships, career, hobbies, family. Assign each item a percentage and then draw each section in a pie chart. The image should be an instant reminder that “there are a lot of other things that matter” in your life, says Taitz.

Wear a half smile.     4    ? If so, Taitz wants you to try a half smile. Ever so slightly raise the upper corners of your lips. This will automatically reduce all that tension and relax your face muscles, communicating to your brain that everything’s OK.

Do a good deed. You feel like you have no control over your life and nothing seems to be going right because you feel powerless, says Taitz. Doing a good deed can remind you that you have the power and ability to make things better for yourself and others.     5    .

Taitz says all of these are actions like “small wheels on a big suitcase.” So pause the next time you are feeling stressed and give yourself a reset.

A.Make a pie chart of your life
B.Classify the upsetting events
C.Do you tense up your face when you’re stressed
D.Are you in a setting that is making you force a smile
E.Observe and describe the emotion and label its intensity
F.You can live by your values even if so much is out of your control
G.She shares 75 techniques to help reduce stress and anxiety in real time
2024-06-13更新 | 22次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届江西省南昌市高三下学期二模英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 较易(0.85) |
文章大意:本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了为了迎接2024年巴黎奥运会,出于安全考虑,需要将塞纳河边大多数四四方方、墨绿色的书摊暂时移除。

5 . The open-air bookstalls (书摊) that line the River Seine are as symbolic of Paris as the Louvre or the Arc de Triomphe. But most of the boxy, dark green stalls must be temporarily removed before the 2024 Summer Olympics for what officials say are security reasons.

Organizers in Paris are aiming to bring back magnificence to the Games, which begin on July 26. The opening ceremony will take place not in a stadium, but along the Seine, with thousands of Olympic athletes riding on a flotilla (船队)of 160 boats before hundreds of thousands of visitors on the river’s banks. The ceremony’s unusual format poses security headaches, for both the International Olympic committee and the Paris police, who said they had concerns that bombs could be hidden in the stalls.

The booksellers, known as “les bouquinistes”, have said they will not compromise, calling the order issued by the Paris police chief last week an affront to the French capital’s history and soul. “Paris without the bouquinistes is like Venice without the boats,” said Jean-Pierre Mathias, 76, who has had a stall along the Seine for about four decades.

Open every day from morning until dusk, the bouquinistes are both a scene along the riverside and a symbol of Paris’s literary culture, attracting curious tourists and locals looking for rare books. The tradition dates back to at least the 17th century and by the 19th century, Napoleon gave approval to the bookstalls, popular with intellectuals and writers, and they became permanent.

The city’s mayor (市长), Anne Hidalgo, initially highlighted the booksellers’ importance to the city and suggested an alternative plan that would keep the stall s in place once the police confirmed they were not a security threat. But that plan was no longer under consideration because the police declared it necessary to remove the stalls for safety, a spokeswoman for Ms. Hidalgo said on Tuesday.

1. The bookstalls must be removed before the Olympics due to ________.
A.traffic crowdednessB.audience attentionC.potential dangerD.ceremony chaos
2. What does the underlined word “affront” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Doubt.B.Shame.C.Claim.D.Appeal.
3. What is the mayor’s attitude towards the removal?
A.Objective.B.Indifferent.C.Approving.D.Opposed.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Paris bookstalls, a symbol of French culture
B.Paris bookstalls, a welcomed tourist attraction
C.Paris bookstalls gaining support from citizens
D.Paris bookstalls facing the relocation order
2024-06-13更新 | 28次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届江西省南昌市高三下学期二模英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约370词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了身患癌症的马拉在家人的陪伴下对抗病魔的故事。

6 . We decided not to tell the kids. Marla knew that once our three daughters understood that their mother had been given 1,000 days to live and they’d start counting.

They would not be able to enjoy school, friends, their teams, or birthday parties. They’d be watching too closely how she looked, moved, acted, ate, or didn’t. Marla wanted her daughters to stay children: unburdened, confident that tomorrow would look like yesterday.

In 2009, Marla’s physician called to tell her that she had early-stage breast cancer. She was also BRCA-positive, meaning that she carried the gene for the disease, a troublesome marker. After several medical operations, she needed eight rounds of chemotherapy (化疗) to clear the cancer found in her lymph nodes.

Our kids were 8, 9, and 11 at the time, and though they understood then that she was undergoing treatment, we never told them the news. We soon learned from Memorial Sloan Kettering’s head of breast-cancer oncology: Marla had a triple-negative cancer cell, the most severe of them all. It is commonly referred to as “the breast-cancer death sentence”. This specialist outspokenly told her: “Go live your next 1,000 days in the best way you know how.”

Despite the sickness of chemotherapy, she went on running long distances, for her own mental fitness, and more importantly, so her kids would see her strong. I knew these miles were a wonder. Marla earned and survived a little more than 3,500 days instead of 1,000 since her initial diagnosis. In her lifetime, she celebrated 25 anniversaries, 57 children’s birthdays, three college acceptances, and two high-school graduations. But the next numbers make me numb: Zero college graduations. Zero weddings. Zero grandchildren.

Marla said to me at the hospital, “No glory days for us. We almost had the kids out of the house, and now you’re alone. I’m so sorry.” I replied, “Sorry about what? You made life worth living. When you kissed me, I melted. I admired your pureness, your power. You outran science. Thank you for taking me on your magic carpet. Rest easy, my one and only girlfriend.”

1. If the children were told about Marla’s illness, they would ________.
A.remain innocentB.study harderC.hang out with friendsD.live with burden
2. How did Marla face her illness?
A.She continued sports activities.B.She accepted it angrily.
C.She avoided social life.D.She refused medical treatment.
3. What do the numbers show in paragraph 5?
A.Their precious memories.B.Seriousness of her illness.
C.A mixed feeling of joy and regret.D.Importance of family celebrations.
4. What does Marla’s story tell us?
A.Life is not all roses.B.Live life to the fullest.
C.Love overcomes thing.D.Happiness takes no account of time.
2024-06-13更新 | 24次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届江西省南昌市高三下学期二模英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约250词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文为一篇应用文,介绍了一组书本精选集,包含了四种经典书籍的特别版本。

7 . These picks contain 4 special editions of classic books:

Farewell to Manzanar

By Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston(Clarion Books)

Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston lived with her family at Manzanar, a camp where the US imprisoned Japanese American during the World War II. This is the 50th anniversary edition of her incredible memoir. Ages 8 and up

I Shook Up the World

By Maryum “May May” Ali, illustrated by Patrick Henry Johnson(Beyond Words)

This is the 20th aniversary edition of a book about boxer Muhammad Ali(1942-2016), written by his daughter. It is divided into rounds” about his life, including when he won an Olympic gold medals. It also describes his role in the civil rights movement. Ages 6-10

The Tale of Despereaux

By Kate DiCamillo, illustrated by Timothy Basil Ering(Candlewick)

The Newber y Award-winning fantasy book contains a new short story by author Kate DiCamillo in the 20th anniversary edition. The story, The Tapestry at Norendy”, is about a girl who discovers magic by listening to a tale about a mouse. Ages7-10

Warriors: The Ultimate Guide

By Erin Hunter(Haper Collins)

This colorful guide has been updated to mark the 20th anniversary of the Warriors series, and it includes profiles of 85 of the most outstanding warrior cats. With new art, detailed map, and introductions to each of the clan(宗族), the book makes you personally on the scene in the Warrior World. Ages 8 and up

1. Which book tells the stories of an Olympic golden medalist?
A.Farewell to ManzanarB.I Shook Up the World.
C.The Tale of DespereauxD.Warriors: The Ultimate Guide
2. What is special about “Warriors: The Ultimate Guide”?
A.Magical elements.B.Inspiring stories.
C.Historical significance.D.Various artistic forms.
3. What do the four books have in common?
A.They are intended for children.B.They win different awards.
C.They mark significant anniversaries.D.They are related to animals.
2024-06-13更新 | 20次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届江西省南昌市高三下学期二模英语试卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约320词) | 较易(0.85) |
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了美国和英国不同年龄段的人生日的意义以及庆祝方式。

8 . Birthdays are especially important to the very young and the very old. On their birthdays, people receive birthday cards and birthday presents from their family and friends. Children’s cards often have a large number on them showing how old they are. Cards for adults have pictures of flowers or scenery, or humorous or rude cartoons. Inside there is usually a simple greeting, such as “Happy Birthday” or “Many Happy Returns of the Day.”

In the US, children who have their birthdays during the school year take a cake to school and have a small party with their classmates. In Britain, children sometimes get Bumped (lifted off the ground horizontally and put down again sharply) by their friends.

In the US, the 16th birthday is called sweet 16. It is the age at which a person can get a US driver’s license, and some wealthier parents give their children a car as a present. At 18, in Britain and in the US, young people become adults and many have a big party. In most parts of the US, 21 is the age at which people can drink alcohol legally.

In Britain, people celebrate 21st birthday less. Many adults dislike getting older and a few lie about their age. But in general older people are now much more willing to tell others their age. You may see a sign by the side of a road saying: “Dave Ell is 40 today!”, put there by Dave’s friends. At about 65, people retire, and those who have reached this age are called senior citizens. Few people live to be 100, so a 100th birthday is very special. In Britain, people reaching this age may receive cards containing a printed message from the Queen.

1. What’s the main characteristic of children’s birthday cards?
A.They are full of pictures of scenery.
B.There are some flowers on them.
C.There is a large number on them.
D.They have greetings written on them.
2. What does the example “Dave Ell is 40 today” in the last paragraph show?
A.The 40th birthday is very special.
B.Many adults like lying about their age.
C.Dave’s friends like playing jokes on him.
D.Older people don’t mind telling others their age now.
3. If a person reaches 65, he will ________.
A.be called a senior citizen
B.refuse to talk about his age
C.receive a card from the Queen
D.be invited to dinner with the Queen
4. What do we know from the passage ?
A.Bars in the US are forbidden to sell alcohol to young people of 21.
B.In Britain, 18 means young people become adults.
C.Young people will get a car as the 16th birthday present in the US.
D.British young men love to celebrate the 21st birthday.
2024-06-12更新 | 12次组卷 | 1卷引用:江西省宜春市丰城市丰城市东煌学校2023-2024学年高一下学期6月月考英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了加拿大每年在10月或11月庆祝的灯节——排灯节,包括其庆祝方式、文化意义及精神象征。

9 . Diwali (Deepavali) is a festival of lights observed in October or November each year in Canada. During the festival, various community groups, businesses, schools and associations celebrate it in different ways. Some companies have Diwali dinners and some communities organise gatherings that feature firework displays, dances, street lighting, and plays.

Many women wear fine jewellery and silk outfits to celebrate Diwali. Some women and girls use Mehendi, a dye decoration which can last a limited time, on their palms, and then they will finally get colourful hand paintings. Many homes that celebrate Diwali have various types of sweets, salty and spiced food as well as Diwali herbs (香草). Various lights, candles and sparklers are lit inside and outside homes, particularly in courtyards, on Diwali. Diwali is not a nationwide public holiday in Canada, but it is a prevalent festival celebrated in many towns and cities. There may be traffic jams and parking places may be full in areas where events are held to celebrate Diwali. Some businesses may close early on Diwali.

Diwali is called the “Festival of Lights” and is celebrated to honour Rama, a hero who once fought and won a battle against the demons (恶魔). In the past, people lit their houses to celebrate his victory over demons (light over darkness). At the same time, every household did careful and complete cleaning at home in advance. It is believed that the goddess of happiness and good fortune, Lakshmi, travels around the Earth on this day and enters the house that is pure, clean, and bright.

Diwali celebrations may vary in different communities but its spiritual meaning is generally “the awareness of the inner light”. As the word “Deepavali” means “a row or cluster of light”, the festival symbolises the victory of righteousness and the lifting of spiritual darkness.

1. What can we learn about Diwali from the first two paragraphs?
A.It is celebrated on a fixed day.
B.It centres on various local foods.
C.People stay up late to prepare for it.
D.People from all walks of life enjoy celebrating it.
2. What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Popular.B.Free.C.Serious.D.Funny.
3. According to Paragraph 3, why did people make their houses bright and clean on Diwali?
A.To pray for a good journey.B.To expect joy and good luck.
C.To create a romantic atmosphere.D.To welcome their friends to visit.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A.To stress the importance of a public holiday.
B.To tell an interesting story about a Canadian festival.
C.To briefly introduce a traditional festival in Canada.
D.To show different holiday celebrations in Western cultures.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 适中(0.65) |
名校
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的有关“步行可以减少心血管疾病和死亡风险”的研究发现。

10 . The average American gets about 4,000 steps a day — but how much is enough? According to a recent study of more than 72,000 people, getting in 9,000 to 10,000 daily steps cuts the risk of death by more than a third and reduced cardiovascular (心血管) disease risk by at least 20 percent, but even smaller increases showed benefits.

Ashley Goodwin, one of the study’s authors, says the study really builds on the evidence we already know about how walking can help lower cardiovascular risk and death. He found it especially amazing that the benefit differed so little between those who sat for long periods each day and those who sat less. “That’s really great because it drives home the message that simply walking a little bit more than you usually do is going to bring some health benefits, no matter where you’re starting from.”

Past research had shown that higher step counts are linked to better heart health and a longer life, and a separate body of research has shown the increased risks of cardiovascular disease and death associated with more sedentary (久坐) time. But this study brought those bodies of research together to learn if extra daily steps could offset (抵消) the risks of sedentary behavior even in those who spend much of the day seated.

The results show that both highly sedentary and less sedentary people had statistically similar risk reductions from higher step counts. But the findings also reveal that the more steps people had per day, the more their risk of heart disease or death fell, up until about 9,000 to 9,700 daily steps for highly sedentary people.

In fact, highly sedentary people in the study began experiencing a heart benefit starting as low as 4,300 steps per day, when their risk of heart disease fell by 10 percent. Doubling that step counts to 9,700 steps a day doubled the benefit. Similarly, highly sedentary people began seeing a 20 percent reduced risk of death starting at 4,100 steps per day. Again, that benefit nearly doubled to 39 percent when their daily step counts increased to 9,000.

1. What is newly found in the study?
A.Higher step counts are linked to a longer life.
B.Walking 10,000 steps a day is not suitable for everyone.
C.A small increase in people’s usual step counts is beneficial.
D.The average American gets around 4,000 steps each day.
2. What makes Goodwin surprised?
A.The more steps people get, the healthier they are.
B.Walking can treat cardiovascular diseases to some degree.
C.People can benefit from walking without walking too fast.
D.Walking has similar effect on sedentary people and active people.
3. What is one aim of the study?
A.To research how step counts differ from people to people.
B.To examine how walking can help lower cardiovascular risk.
C.To know whether extra daily steps offset the risks of being sedentary.
D.To check whether sedentary life can lead to increased risks of death.
4. What is the function of the figures in the last paragraph?
A.To list the recommended step counts.
B.To show the link between step counts and health.
C.To warn people of the harm of sedentary lifestyle.
D.To compare the steps of active people and inactive people.
2024-06-11更新 | 30次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届江西省吉安市六校协作体高三下学期5月联合英语试题(含听力)
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