1 . Common Mistakes New Runners Make
Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. However, many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury.
·Doing too much too soon
One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon. Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue on with your new running routine
·
Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Running is a high-impact activity which can be really hard on your body. So it’s important to give your body a rest between workouts.
·Not wearing the right equipment
•Running through pain
| A．Not taking rest days |
| B．If you’re just starting out |
| C．Comparing yourself to others |
| D．Running can be uncomfortable at times |
| E．It’s important not to use the same muscles |
| F．While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running |
| G．Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10% each week |
2 . For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.
This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
1. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior?| A．They are interested in acting. | B．They are shy with the strangers. |
| C．They are fond of their playmates. | D．They are tired of playing games. |
| A．Design games for them. | B．Find them suitable playmates. |
| C．Play together with them. | D．Help them understand social rules. |
| A．Giving examples. | B．Explaining concepts. |
| C．Providing evidence. | D．Making comparisons. |
| A．How Children Adapt to Changes | B．How to Be a Role Model for Children |
| C．How Your Baby Learns to Love | D．How to Communicate with Your Kid |
3 . In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
1. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument?| A．Critical. | B．Supportive. | C．Tolerant. | D．Uncertain. |
| A．They lack debating skills. | B．They may feel bad even if they win. |
| C．They fear being ignored. | D．They are not confident in themselves. |
| A．Defend. | B．Explain. | C．Conclude. | D．Repeat. |
| A．Sense of logic. | B．Solid supporting evidence. |
| C．Proper manners. | D．Understanding from both sides. |
4 . Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.
As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
1. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild?| A．Living in a group. | B．Growing beautiful feathers. |
| C．Feeding on the ground. | D．Avoiding coming out at night. |
| A．To attack back. | B．To get away. |
| C．To protect the young. | D．To play dead. |
| A．It may explode suddenly. | B．It may be in a strange shape. |
| C．It may have a strong color. | D．It may move around quickly. |
| A．To explain wild parrots’ behavior. | B．To give advice on raising a parrot. |
| C．To call for action to protect animals. | D．To introduce a study on bird ecology. |
5 . How to Succeed in Science
To succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions(常规) when they block your forward path. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success.
That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you. It’s like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isn’t simply to win; it’s to win at something really difficult.
Take risks.
To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition.
Never do anything that bores you.
My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leaves you alone. I’m not good enough to do well in something I dislike.
It’s very hard to succeed if you don’t want to be with other scientists, because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them objectionable.
So my final rule is:
| A．Avoid foolish people. |
| B．Meet challenges with great courage. |
| C．If you can’t stand being with your real peers, get out of science. |
| D．Put it another way, it’s to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top. |
| E．Make sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess. |
| F．In fact, I find it hard to do well in something I like. |
| G．Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes. |
6 . “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a poor man.” As the old saying tells us, breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It provides us with energy after a long night without food. If people don’t have breakfast in the morning, they will feel tired and get angry easily. Breakfast helps children stay more focused at school. A study showed that children who eat breakfast regularly score higher in most subjects.
Breakfast is also important for losing weight. If you have a balanced breakfast, you will eat less throughout the day.
Healthy and balanced breakfast should include some protein like eggs, milk or a little meat which makes you energetic all day. Carbohydrates(碳水化合物) like rice or bread can keep you active. Vegetables and fruit have the vitamins that humans need.
In China, breakfast is different from region to region. However, porridge with pickles(腌菜), baozi, noodles, soybean milk and youtiao are common throughout the whole country. Although Western culture influenced China a lot, most people still prefer traditional Chinese breakfast. They think that porridge and noodles are not only easily digested, but also can provide enough energy in the morning.
Some Western countries, they have some other kinds of food. For example, in the USA, they enjoy sausages, soft pancakes. In Canada, local people like eating pancakes!
1. The old saying in the first paragraph means that ________.| A．breakfast must be delicious |
| B．breakfast is eaten by the king |
| C．breakfast is the most important among the three meals |
| D．breakfast can make people feel like a nice man |
| A．Because breakfast is helpful to our studies. |
| B．Because breakfast is the most delicious meal of the day. |
| C．Because breakfast offers energy to us after the whole night without food. |
| D．Because breakfast makes us feel excited. |
| A．Cola and butter. | B．A little meat. |
| C．Rice and bread. | D．Eggs and milk. |
| A．Chinese Traditional Breakfast | B．Breakfast and Health |
| C．Breakfast and Weight Loss | D．Western Breakfast |
7 . Last night at work, a girl came in and sat at the bar. She asked for a cup of water and a menu and eventually ordered a bacon cheeseburger which costs roughly $12 at my restaurant.
After eating for a few minutes, she asked me for a napkin(餐巾) and a pen. I saw her writing on the napkin but didn’t think anything of it. When I turned around, she was gone. As I went to clear her plate, I noticed that she had left a $100 bill along with a note that read, “Today marks my 14th day of chemo(化疗) along with my 26th birthday. Life’s been good to me so far, and I think I will pass my luck on to someone else. Have a great night!”
I have never been so touched by a stranger in my entire life. About 3 months ago, my own mother was diagnosed with lung cancer, so this hit very close to home. Having just witnessed my mother completed her first 5-week cycle of chemo, I know the pain and exhaustion this young woman is feeling. On top of the chemo, she was selfless enough on her own birthday that she gave a stranger a gift.
This young woman has completely touched my soul and has affected my life in a way that I will never forget. I hope to see her again one day, so I can tell her how much her random act of kindness has touched me and finally changed my life.
Thank you for being such a beautiful person and I pray that you get well.
Thank you for making the world a better place.
1. The author might work as a ________.| A．singer | B．doctor | C．cook | D．waitress |
| A．By giving a $100 bill to someone in need. |
| B．By offering free chemo to someone else. |
| C．By buying a dinner for someone else. |
| D．By writing a letter full of kindness. |
| A．To make somebody go home. |
| B．To know somebody’s address. |
| C．To have a strong effect on somebody. |
| D．To send food to somebody’s home. |
| A．To thank her for the money she left. |
| B．To tell her what effect she has on the author. |
| C．To tell her she is very beautiful. |
| D．To wish her good luck in getting well. |
8 . A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea, which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.
An inland blue hole’s water is very still and has different layers. A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.
Diving into blue holes is very dangerous. Near the top of the blue hole, there is a layer of toxic gas, which causes itching, headache, and—in large amounts—death. Divers must also be fast. They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out. Additionally, divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside. Without the guideline, they may get lost.
If blue holes are so dangerous, why do explorers and scientists risk their lives to explore them? The reason is that these underwater caves can provide valuable scientific information. They provide clues about geology, archaeology, and biology. For example, some blue hole creatures probably haven’t changed for millions of years.
The blue holes could even provide clues about astrobiology. For example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen. Astrobiologist Kevin Hand says the bacteria may be similar to forms of life that might exist on Jupiter’s fourth largest moon, Europa. “Our study of life’s extremes on Earth,” he says, can help increase “our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”
In addition, the oxygen-free environment of the blue holes preserves bones of humans and animals that fell into the caves long ago. By studying blue holes, we can understand what life was like in prehistoric times. As cave diver Kenny Broad says, “I can think of no other environment on Earth that is so challenging to explore and gives us back so much scientifically.”
1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1?| A．The definition of a blue hole. | B．The location of a blue hole. |
| C．The formation of a blue hole. | D．The structure of a blue hole. |
| A．In the saltwater layer. |
| B．In the freshwater layer. |
| C．In between the freshwater and saltwater layers. |
| D．In both of the freshwater and saltwater layers. |
| A．The study of life on Earth. |
| B．The study of life in the universe. |
| C．The study of life in prehistoric times. |
| D．The study of life in oxygen-free environment. |
| A．They’re oxygen-free and lifeless. | B．They’re free of air and light. |
| C．They’re death zones and mysterious. | D．They’re poisonous and dark. |
9 . Movies Released in November
The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes
It’s prequel (前传) time again. In December, we’ll get to see the founding of Willy Wonka’s chocolate factory in Wonka, but first there’s The Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes. Based on the dystopian YA novel by Suzanne Collins, the prequel is set 64 years before the previous Hunger Games films.
Released (发行) internationally from 15 November.The Marvels
Brie Larson’s Captain Marvel returns to save the planet from evil aliens, but her job is made considerably harder this time by a big problem that links her to two other superheroines (超级女英雄). Every time she uses her superpowers, she exchanges places with either Photon (Teyonah Parris) or Ms Marvel (Iman Vellani). The worlds we go to in this movie are worlds unlike others you’ve seen in the MCU.
Released internationally from 8 November.
Wish
Walt Disney celebrates its 100th anniversary with a cartoon that shows the themes and animation styles of the studio’s first century. Wish is a musical fairy tale set in a magical land where King Magnifico (Chris Pine) can satisfy his citizens’ wishes. But a 17-year-old girl, Asha (Ariana DeBose) , questions whether the king should keep that power all to himself. She wishes on a star -and the star then falls from the sky to help her.
Released intermationally from 22 November
Napoleon
Ridley Scott’s 28th film tells the story of Napoleon Bonaparte, a famous person in French history. It’s reported to be three hours long, with six major battle sequences — although it’s as much a character-driven drama as it is a war movie.
On general release from 22 November.
1. Which movie is about a historical figure?| A．The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes. | B．The Marvels. |
| C．Wish. | D．Napoleon. |
| A．They last very long. | B．They tell imaginary stories. |
| C．They came out on the same day. | D．Their main characters are teenagers. |
| A．A history book. | B．A newspaper. | C．A novel. | D．A diary. |
10 . Believe it or not, patience is well researched. Studies show becoming a more patient person has many benefits. The following are just some of the most noticeable.
※Patience will make you a physically healthier person.
Stress and anger are frequently the result of being impatient.
※Patience helps you to develop a healthy attitude.
A lack of patience often results in being unhappy and irritable (易怒的) , focusing on the negative and eventually believing that nothing ever seems to go your way.
※Patient people have a greater sense of gratitude(感激) .
The skill of patience will help you be less focused on what “isn’t happening” and more focused on being present with life as it is occurring. Similarly, patience helps you focus on what is good and to be thankful.
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It can help you avoid becoming irritated, defensive and saying hurtful things. Patience helps in developing the crucial relationship skill of empathy-the ability to understand life from the viewpoint of another. When you’ re impatient, you’re focused inward, on you, on what you are not receiving
| A．Patience transforms relationships. |
| B．They are also the origins of your unhappiness. |
| C．In fact, patience and gratitude support each other. |
| D．Patience helps put your bad emotions to good use. |
| E．And they are linked to numerous physical stress-based illnesses. |
| F．Patience improves your ability to accept setbacks and enjoy life much more. |
| G．When you’re patient, however, you’ re focused outward, and more able to share for other people. |
