1 . It is often said that you can’t have too many friends. But it seems that there is a natural limit to the number of people we stay in touch with. A study found that when we make new friends, by starting a new job or going to university, we downgrade or even drop old ones. And while the friends may change, the number stays almost the same.
Oxford University researcher Felix Reed-Tsochas asked 24 students in the final months of school to list all their friends and relatives and say how close to them they were. The pupils filled in the questionnaire (问卷) twice more after starting work or going to university. They were also given free mobile phones and agreed that researchers could use their bills to work out who they called, when and for how long.
Putting the two pieces of information together showed, unsurprisingly, that most people have a small circle of close friends, who they spend most of their time talking to. This inner circle is surrounded by group after group of ever more distant friends. As the volunteers’ lives changed, this overall pattern, including the number of best friends, remained almost the same, meaning that some close friends from childhood were dropped or downgraded as new friendships were built.
Dr Reed-Tsochas said, “Maybe my best friend is no longer the same person but the amount of time I allocate (分配) to my best friend is still the same.” He added that this finding suggests that even with the coming of modern technology we are only capable of forming a limited number of true friendships.
Chester University researcher Dr Sam Roberts said, “Our results are likely to reflect limitations in the ability of humans to keep emotionally close relationships both because of limited time and because the emotional capital (情绪资本) that individuals can allocate between family members and friends is limited.”
1. Which is a method Dr Reed-Tsochas used in his study?A.Checking the volunteers’ call records. |
B.Learning about the volunteers’ hobbies. |
C.Tracking the volunteers’ job performance. |
D.Interviewing the volunteers’ schoolmates. |
A.One’s attitude to friendships remains the same. |
B.People attach great importance to friendships. |
C.People rarely drop their old friends to make new ones. |
D.The number of one’s best friends doesn’t change much. |
A.To add background information. |
B.To give a possible explanation. |
C.To offer some suggestions. |
D.To introduce a new topic. |
2 . Are you happy with your appearance?
“Almost all the girls with single-fold eyelids (单眼皮) in our class have had double eyelid operations,” Zeng, a Senior 2 student from Chengdu, told Xinhua. Zeng had the same surgery done this summer.
From popular photo-editing apps to plastic surgery (整形手术), it seems that large eyes, pale skin and a skinny body are the only standard for beauty these days. But can following this standard really make us feel good about ourselves?
“Many teenagers are upset about their appearance because they believe in unrealistic standards of beauty,” experts say.
However, trying to live up to strict standards can make us feel anxious. What troubles us is not just our “imperfect” looks, but the fact that we criticize ourselves too much.
A.Beauty comes in all shapes and sizes. |
B.Body image anxiety is common among teenagers. |
C.Guys care just as much as girls do about their body image. |
D.Some teenagers might feel negative about their appearance. |
E.It’s common for teenagers to feel confident about their appearance. |
F.She and many of her classmates believe bigger eyes look more beautiful. |
G.Perfect faces and bodies are everywhere in advertising, TV shows and social media. |
3 . Challenges are part of life and something we can all expect to encounter at one point or another during our lifetime. We handle challenges differently;some of us choose to face them head-on, while others flee in uncertainty.
Educate ourselves. The reason why some issues prove challenging for us is that we aren’t familiar with them.
Be persistent. This is what is required to accomplish anything, especially when it comes to overcoming challenges. No matter how difficult our challenges might be, we must be willing to push through and try again and again until we achieve victory over them.
Ask for help. There are times when we can’t go it alone and need others to help us conquer whatever challenges we face.
A.Meet them head-on. |
B.Adapt a different strategy. |
C.It is said that two heads are better than one. |
D.If we give up, we allow the challenges to conquer us instead. |
E.Therefore, our knowledge and ability to conquer them is limited. |
F.Whatever our positions, we all wish to conquer them and move on. |
G.Some challenges can be overwhelming, making us question our ability to overcome them. |
4 . The Internet is a global network, which allows digital information to travel around the world. Let’s view some most popular uses of the Internet.
Information search
We search for information every day.
One of the most significant and popular use of the Internet is email. Email is a common thing that a majority of people check after they have logged (登录) on to the Internet.
Online shopping
Education
The Internet plays an important role in effectively shaping today’s school education process. It has the availability and the quality of learning for many students. They can study what they want and whenever they feel the most productive.
We are witnessing the rise of informal education where college graduates have online access and can sharpen their skills and get faster progress in a specific field.
A.Communication |
B.Online bill payments |
C.Our habits of buying things have changed a lot |
D.They can also attend classes or take exams online at home |
E.It is done by typing a question for which we seek specific information |
F.Many other personal businesses create their online shops every day |
G.The email has enabled easier and faster communication between people |
5 . Plenty of audiences have warned: don’t see the new French movie The Taste of Things on an empty stomach. Juliette Binoche plays a longtime personal cook to a man who’s a gourmand (美食家). They share a passion for food. Filled with delicious meals, the film celebrates food, and all the work and love that go into making it.
When you see a delicious meal in a movie or an ad, chances are that it’s not fit to eat. Food stylists have been known to substitute glue for milk, and coat meat with motor oil. All this was a big “No” for Vietnamese French director Tran Anh Hung.
Tran says he wanted everything in The Taste of Things “to be real,” from the raw ingredients (食材) to the menu to the way the cooks move in the kitchen. Real food can’t always handle multiple takes. Plus, Tran needed to show dishes at different stages of preparation. So he needed a lot of everything. For a classic French dish, “we needed 40 kilos of meat for the shooting.” He also had to find vegetables that looked like they were harvested in the 19th century. “They’re not as beautiful as today,” he says, “They’re not straight, and they have many spots on the skin.”
After doing extensive research into the history of French cuisine and working with a historian, Tran enlisted three-star chef Pierre Gagnaire to make sure the menu he’d come up with worked in real life.
Gagnaire also cooked for Tran for five days, so the director could study his movements in preparation for filming. Tran says watching Gagnaire move around the kitchen taught him that “simplicity is important and you don’t need to have the perfect gesture for this or that. You need only to be very free.” Gagnaire says the movie feels like a gift. “For my creativity, it’s an honor,” he says. The famous chef agreed to take a small part in the film.
“When you leave this film, you feel calm because instead of violence, there’s tenderness,” Gagnaire says.
1. What can we say about The Taste of Things?A.It shows that food represents love. |
B.It gives audience a good appetite. |
C.Its characters only focus on cooking. |
D.Its story is based on a food stylist. |
A.Romantic. | B.Caring. |
C.Demanding. | D.Humorous. |
A.To get a role in Tran’s movie. |
B.To give Tran some inspiration. |
C.To test Tran’s menu for the film. |
D.To show Tran his food creativity. |
A.To show a film shooting style. | B.To recommend a film. |
C.To call on people to save food. | D.To promote food culture. |
6 . I decided to apply to the Nottingham Summer School in Food and Crop Science because I thought it could help me expand my knowledge of the industry and determine my career path. Arriving at Sutton Bonington, despite being nervous I was excited to involve myself in the events organised and make new friends. We were welcomed with lunch and team-building activities helping me feel instantly comfortable.
The first activity took place in the “superlab”, an impressive, brandnew laboratory full of modern equipment which we were able to use in experiments. For people planning to study food science at university it was the perfect introduction, providing continuous tasters of what the course offered.
We learnt about sensory analysis and its importance in food manufacturing. Using specialized equipment, we tested the smell of an Oreo in relation to the taste of it. Interestingly, the taste and smell of food was strengthened when it was put into the liquid, so we repeated the experiment with an Oreo dunked (浸一浸) in milk. That day we also took part in the ice cream tasting, deciding on our favorite product and packaging, then the Skittles tasting, attempting to establish flavors by looking at their color, then using the limited edition white Skittles and seeing if they were harder.
One of my favorite activities was the talk given on insects and their potential role in sustaining an alternative global protein source for the future. We were given the chance to try some energy/protein bars made with “Jimminy’s”, a new product, inspiring us to then create our own product and pitch our idea and brand to the group. And the best part of the three days was the lecture in which a representative from the Food and Drink Federation spoke about the food industry, followed by a formal dinner.
I would definitely recommend attending if you are considering it. I am now certain I want to pursue a nutrition course at university and follow a career in this industry. It has been an enriching experience strengthening my longterm goal.
1. What will the author most likely choose as a career according to the passage?A.A foreign language. |
B.Business. |
C.Engineering. |
D.The food industry. |
A.Oreo is the most popular kind of food brands. |
B.Sensory analysis is important in food producing. |
C.The taste of food will be better when it is put into liquids. |
D.We cannot judge flavors by looking at color. |
A.The talk on insects and their potential role. |
B.The lecture about the food industry. |
C.Trying some energy bars. |
D.Creating his own product. |
7 . Harold Jones, a 100-year-old man, has been walking up to 40 circles every day in his garden since the beginning of 2020. At first, he just walked for exercise. Now, Jones, who uses a walker, is using his circles to help others.
With an early target of raising £1,000, which seemed a lot to Jones when he began, he soon collected more than that. He has raised over £43,000 for charity. The old man held on, and walked 41,550 circles around the back of his home.
Jones walks in all weather, but he does fewer circles in the rain. He does 20 circles after breakfast and then does 20 more circles after lunch.
He thanks his long years in the service for his fitness. “The training for the army set up the ability to suffer because we suffered a lot in the army. Determination and resilience (韧性)are something you’re taught in the army,” Jones said.
Jones was inspired by the efforts of Captain Sir Tom Moore who raised funds for the National Health Service during the pandemic. Moore, a 99-year-old, walked with the help of a walker in the garden, and raised an amazing £17 million.
Jones said that although he began walking just for exercise, he saw what Moore completed and that gave him the idea to raise funds for charity. Jones didn’t expect to walk a greater distance than the captain, but he did.
When Jones reached his early target, he just kept going. He had no idea how many people would respond to his efforts as when he reached £10,000, a friend doubled it.
Jones received a Points of Light award after the charity recommended him and Jones said that he was amazed by the recognition. But giving service to others plays the largest role in his faith and in his life. This was a well-deserved (值得的)honor for a remarkable man.
1. What does Jones think of his early army experience?A.It has brought him great honor. | B.It has changed his life completely. |
C.It has benefited his life in old age. | D.It has enabled him to make good friends. |
A.His concern for the elderly. | B.Tom Moore’s suggestion. |
C.His competitive character. | D.Another old soldier’s behavior. |
A.Doing good for others. | B.Trying to get recognition. |
C.Taking physical exercise. | D.Leading people to serve others. |
A.Inspiring and brave. | B.Curious and honest. |
C.Determined and caring. | D.Patient and proud. |
8 . Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money). The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.
At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget.
Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the things they can do with money.
Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future.
Requiring children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving and investing.
That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up.
A.Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance. |
B.They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. |
C.It is a good virtue for children to form a habit to learn how to save money. |
D.The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. |
E.Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. |
F.Parents are supposed to tell their children how they should spend their pocket money wisely but the refused to do so. |
9 . Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently. The device, which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball, may outperform human eyes.
The human eye owes its wide field of view and clear eyesight to the retina (视网膜) — an area at the back of the eyeball covered in light-detecting cells. The design for a new artificial eye is based on the structure of the human eye and uses a friendly light-sensitive material. At the back of the eyeball, an artificial retina is lined with Nan scale light sensors (纳米级光感器). Those sensors measure light that passes through the lens (晶状体) at the front of the eye. Wires attached to the back of the retina send signals from those sensors to the processor, similar to the way nerve networks connect the eyeball to the brain.
“In the future, we can use this to replace damaged human eyes,” says the lead designer. In theory, this artificial eye could see more clearly than the human eye, because the artificial retina contains about 460 million light sensors per square centimeter while a real retina has about 10 million light-detecting cells per square centimeter. Besides, the artificial eyeball records changes in lighting faster than human eyes can — within about 30 to 40 milliseconds, rather than 40 to 150 milliseconds. Although its 100-degree field of view isn’t as broad as the150 degrees a human eye can take in, the device can see as well as the human eye in poor light.
Hongrui Jiang, an electrical engineer at the University of Wisconsin, though, thinks engineers need a much more practical and efficient way to produce vast series of tiny wires on the back of the artificial eyeball to give it superhuman sight, which is super hard to achieve.
1. Why does Zhiyong Fan develop the artificial eye?A.To replace people’s real eyeballs. | B.To gain a sharper vision. |
C.To help the blind regain their eyesight. | D.To help normal eyes perform better. |
A.The design of the artificial eye. | B.The structure of the human eye. |
C.The advantages of the artificial eye. | D.The material used for the artificial eye. |
A.They have the same structure. |
B.The artificial eye may see more clearly. |
C.The human eye sees better in weak light. |
D.The artificial eye takes in a broader view. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Favorable. | C.Unconcerned. | D.Satisfied. |
10 . It is common to see most live streamers (主播) sitting in front of a desk in a well-decorated room. But Zeng Qinghuan, a 30-year-old from Xinhua County in Loudi, Hunan, has turned her whole village into alive streaming set. Her goal is to use e-commerce to help her people live a better life.
Known as “Xiangmei Xinbao” on Douyin, Zeng now has more than 3 million followers. One of her videos about traditional ways of planting and harvesting rice has attracted more than 300,000 followers.
At the beginning, she didn’t make any money. Zeng’s parents didn’t agree with her decision until she could stand on her own feet and help people sell their products. She has now sold local agricultural products worth tens of millions of yuan, like fermented tofu, preserved pork and dried sweet potatoes.
“I’m a daughter of the great mountains. I can also be a contributor to rural development in this new times,” she said.
Zeng hopes her experience can encourage more young people to return to their rural hometowns and start their own businesses. In 2021, after she became a representative of the Loudi Municipal People’s Congress, she put forward a proposal to ensure that “each village has one product and one live streaming host of its own”, she plans to help develop 100 social media influencers from her county within three years, and two villages have taken part in the project. “I believe that the rural areas will become a big stage, and being a farmer will be seen as a respectable job too,” said Zeng.
1. Which aspect does Zeng’s video on Douyin attract people a lot?A.Fashion trends in her village. | B.The frozen food in her hometown. |
C.Traditional customs of her village. | D.The typical farming of her hometown. |
A.Because Zeng had a well-decorated room. |
B.Because Zeng became well-known on website. |
C.Because Zeng had many followers and earned much money. |
D.Because Zeng could make a living by herself and serve the village. |
A.Responsible and lovely. | B.Down-to-earth and ambitious. |
C.Caring and fashionable. | D.Gifted and rich. |
A.Invite more young people to her hometown. |
B.Expand her business to make more money. |
C.Train more social media influencers in her county. |
D.Produce more agricultural products to help the farmers. |