1 . 用方框中短语的正确形式完成句子。注意：有一个短语是多余的。

in honor of refer to run out of on the edge of come across in spite of fight for be regarded as due to suffer from base on

1. The US government has ______________ excuses for the failure of its economic policy, which means a radical policy reform is needed.
2. The team is ______________ a place in the final round, where competition will be without any doubt more fierce.
3. Failure helps build our characters. We become better because of the fall, not ______________ it.
4. The committee finally decided to build a monument ______________ the captain and his crew who made a significant breakthrough in polar exploration.
5. I was ______________ my seat waiting to find out what happened next.
6. The team met countless difficulties during the research ______________ their limited access to proper resources.
7. The movie ______________ a real-life incident.
8. Recently I have ______________ an interesting study which claims Memory B cells might be responsible for people’s lifetime allergies (过敏症).
9. Nowadays, Dr. Claire and Prof. Tiara ______________ the most promising young writers in the city.
10. The latest research finding gives hope to patients who ______________ severe back injuries.

2 . 根据所给10个英语单句的意思，从所给的15个词汇中挑选出10个合适的词或短语分别给每个句子填空。

indeed; available; circumstances; integrated; insisted on; apparently; automatic;   emphasis;   postpone;   daily routine;   gradually;   passion;   warning;   made a bet;   early on

1. Two rich brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have __________. Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it.
2. They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about, but he had to __________ opening it until 2 o’clock.
3. You’ll need many suits for many occasions. Yes, __________ you will.
4. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood __________ destroyed its medical properties.
5. Tu Youyou and her team members even __________ testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
6. While working there, out of a strong __________ for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
7. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose __________ are beyond our control.
8. Your home will also learn your __________ and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening.
9. Many of these new innovations are already __________ and being used in some homes.
10. They advocate a simple life with an __________ on hard work, family, and community.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. allowing   B. detectable   C. hazard     D. irresponsible E. linked    F. optimism   G. punishing   H. routes     I. sowed     J. unavoidable   K. widespread

Time for a clean-up

You are probably aware of the term “forever chemicals”, if not entirely clear on the specifics. What they are is a class of around 16, 000 artificial compounds called PFAS that break down very slowly, if at all in the environment and our bodies. They are extremely useful, but also a potential     1     to wildlife and human health. After more than 80 years of     2     and often unlimited use, PFAS pollution is more or less everywhere, from the soil on our farms to the rain that waters them. In all likelihood, you have a(n)     3     amount of these chemicals in your body.

A growing body of research has     4     exposure to some types of PFAS to harmful effects, such as kidney disease, immune dysfunction and certain types of cancer. Just a few parts per trillion of some forms accumulated over time is enough to be damaging. Moreover, exposure is more or less     5    . Skipping greaseproof (防油的) packaging or filtering tap water may limit acute exposure, but there are many other pollution     6    . In any case, for most of us, it is already too late.

How did we let it come to this? To some extent, society is reaping what it     7     by permitting so many novel chemicals to be released without a proper system to test their safety first. That has to change, and not just for PFAS. Time and again we find, too late, that industrial chemicals are harmful—as now seems the case with those in some climbing shoes—while     8     the firms that make them to carry on business as usual. There is nothing illegal in that. Nevertheless, the PFAS industry has been extremely     9    . There is good evidence that some producers have known for decades that the chemicals could cause harm, but actively confuse that knowledge. As the science of PFAS advances, there is     10     that they can be replaced, as well as rounded up (聚集) from the environment and destroyed.

4 . Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. emerge   B. enthusiastic     C. manual   D. options   E. polish F. rate     G. remote       H. serve     I. signal     J. subject   K. workout

1. His experience in the field will ________ as a valuable advantage to the company’s new project.
2. Her ________ control allowed her to access various functions from a distance, making her life more convenient.
3. She felt energetic after her morning ________, ready to tackle the day ahead.
4. The technician handed me the ________ so I could understand how to operate the new machinery.
5. We were presented with several ________ for the dinner menu, ranging from vegetarian to sugar-free dishes.
6. She took a moment to ________ her speech, ensuring that it was clear and engaging for the audience.
7. Employees should be aware that they will be ________ to periodic performance reviews.
8. How would you ________ the quality of service at the new restaurant?
9. After months of hiding, the artist decided to ________ from his studio and unveil his latest masterpiece.
10. He raised his hand to ________ that he had a question during the meeting.

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. mix       B. specialty          C. extraordinary            D. distinguish        E. private F. contribute       G. expose        H. shifted     I. challenges     J. respective     K. favored

Many of us grow up dreaming of becoming an astronaut. Ever wonder what it takes to be one?

Take NASA for example.

In order to catch NASA's eye, would-be astronauts must not only stand out in required skills and pass physical and psychological exams, but also find unique ways to    1     themselves from the harsh competition.

NASA's requirements for becoming an astronaut have changed over the years. Originally, it     2     candidates with a military flight background, with at least 1,000 hours spent in command of a jet aircraft. In 1978, however, NASA    3     its focus to a more varied group of astronauts:scientists and engineers with at least three years of experience in their     4     fields.

During the years of shuttle missions, everyone had a    5     : some would focus on robotics,others on spacewalks or maintenance. To work on the space station, astronauts must be able to perform all tasks, which encourage applicants to acquire different experiences. Jeanette Epps, an astronaut, studied aerospace engineering, worked at Ford Motor Company and took a job with the CIA before joining NASA. She says astronauts’ varied backgrounds     6     to their ability to adapt and learn anything quickly.

After ensuring that candidates are U. S. citizens and that they satisfy basic education and experience requirements, the selection committee enters a gray area.“We’re not really looking for one thing, just a good     7     of things,”said Duane Ross, the manager for astronaut candidate selection and training.

To the committee, candidates who take on    8     outside of the workplace demonstrate curiosity and energy. Many astronauts who don't have a military background do hold a(n)    9    piloting license. Some are enthusiastic mountain climbers, scuba divers or skiers. Others are musicians, dancers, or play competitive sports. Choosing to    10     themselves to different, extreme environments counts as another way to stand out from the crowd.

7 . Directions: choose the right phrases in the box to fiul in the blanks. Chenge the form if necessary.

run into        tend to       dawn on        pass down        persist in live through        thanks to

1. ______mobile libraries, these homeless people can borrow books more easily.
2. It gradually_______ him that nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
3. Success only belongs to those who______   their dreams.
4. Humans_____ their skills and knowledge to the next generations through education.
5. Most people in this kind of job_______ work long hours.
6. He______ Kris in the corridor a few minutes ago.

9 . Fill in the blanks with the proper expressions given below. Change the form when necessary.

current tend display fit constitute suspend peculiar practice odd

1. If you exceed your credit limit, we have the right to ________ or cancel your account.
2. We work-long hours and rush around trying to ________ in domestic chores.
3. Pandas, ________ to China, are treasured and loved by people all over the world.
4. The garden deserted for years was taken over and well ________.
5. The block becomes magnetic when the ________ is switched on.
6. The background music to this film is completely at ________ with the storyline.
7. Perseverance, endurance and endeavor ________ one’s fulfillment.
8. The comparison shows considerable disagreement between theory and ________.
9. A joyful festive atmosphere is accompanied by a breathtaking ________ of fireworks.

10 . Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. peaked          B. faintest          C. factor          D. accumulating        E. masked F. expands          G. lighten          H. tricky          I. phenomena            J. unimaginable K. emitted

Astronomers measure total starlight

All the light from all the stars that have ever existed. It is a quantity of     1     magnitude (数值), but now astronomers have put a number on it.

From the earliest,     2     stars, to the largest galaxies, an international team has managed to measure the total amount of starlight     3     over the entire 13.7bn-year history of the universe.

The astronomers based their calculation on measurements of the extragalactic background light (EBL), a cosmic fog of radiation that has been     4     since stars first illuminated (照亮) the dark, vast expanse of space. More than 90% of starlight ends up surviving in this dim backdrop of radiation. Since it was     5     by the light from nearby stars, though, the EBL has proved     6     to investigate.

The latest observations, collected over nine years by Nasa’s Fermi space telescope, use the light from blazars—super—massive black holes that emit powerful jets of gamma rays—as beacons (信号灯) to     7     the cosmic fog. They are so bright they can shine across almost the whole observable universe.

One added complication was that, while starlight is accumulating over time, the cosmic fog is simultaneously being diluted as the universe     8     and space itself is stretched out. Overall, the fog is still getting denser. This, and other complex     9     were factored in using a computer model.

The measurements suggest that star formation     10     about 11bn years ago and has been on the decline ever since. About seven new stars are created in our Milky Way galaxy every year.