1 . In 1990, Hal Donaldson was 23 years old, fresh out of college and found himself in Calcutta, India, where he was asked to interview Mother Teresa.
Donaldson says about the great woman famed for feeding the hungry, “She wasn’t wearing shoes and her ankles were swollen. She sat down with me and was very polite.” After the interview, Mother Teresa asked him, “What are you doing to help the poor?” Donaldson admitted that he was young and wasn’t focused on helping others. With a smile on her face, Mother Teresa said, “Everyone can do something.”
Those words deeply struck Donaldson and forced him to face hard truths about himself.
Hal Donaldson grew up in the San Francisco Bay area. When he was 12 years old, his parents were hit by a drunk driver; his father died, and his mother was seriously injured. To make ends meet, they went on welfare. Donaldson says, “I had holes in my shoes and clothes. When you’re teased at school for that, you just want to escape.”
He managed to do just that. Donaldson got into college and turned his focus to making money for himself. He says, “I was just trying to find my way out of insignificance.” However, it’s easy to overlook others along the way. I was the guy that would see a homeless person and cross the street, so I didn’t have to confront (面对) him. My focus was on climbing to the top instead of helping those trying to climb with me.
Donaldson returned home from India with a different thought. He traveled to eight cities in America and stayed on the streets and listened to stories of the homeless. “My heart broke,” he says. “I knew I could no longer just live for myself.”
Inspired by Mother Teresa’s words and the stories he’d heard across America, Donaldson loaded a pick up truck with $300 worth of groceries and handed them out to anyone who needed help. In 1994, Donaldson created the nonprofit organization, Convoy for Hope, which works with communities across America and around the world. Their work focuses on feeding children, women’s empowerment, helping farmers and disaster services.
1. What did 23-year-old Hal Donaldson do in India?| A．He interviewed Mother Teresa. |
| B．He fed the hungry with Mother Teresa. |
| C．He attended an job-interview for a college. |
| D．He did something to help the poor. |
| A．He was born with disability. | B．He led a hard life as a child. |
| C．He was well treated at school. | D．He survived as an orphan. |
| A．Self-centered | B．Sympathetic | C．Popular | D．Generous |
| A．He preferred traveling to volunteering. |
| B．He suddenly fell in love with journalism. |
| C．He turned his focus to living for himself. |
| D．He gradually devoted himself to helping others. |
1. 说明写信原因；
2. 简述事情经过；
3. 表达谢意。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限—词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者 (从第11 处起) 不计分。
As we all know, being a teacher is not easy job. A teacher who has to play too many roles like an educator, a guide, a conductor, a director and sometimes a parent, either! We all have at least one favorite teacher more like a friend to us in our lives, but we are always sincerely grateful to them for all the love and guidance. The hard work, time and patience that teachers devote with students, without doubt, is beyond compare. They are simply strong pillars behind building any nation. They work tireless without any complaint to enrich the lives of on-going generations. To acknowledge the amazed value of their efforts, we are supposed to send them special cards or gifts on their graduation day. In this way, we would be able to deliver our thanks to those inspirational teacher in the most beautiful manner.
4 . For every one article on some positive aspect, some positive element of life, wellbeing, satisfaction, joy, happiness, you get 21 articles on depression, anxiety and so on. Ratio of 21 to 1. Studies focus primarily on what doesn’t work. And this is not a new phenomenon. The science of psychology (心理) has been far more successful on the negative than on the positive side. It has revealed to us much more about man’s shortcomings, his illnesses, but little about his potentialities, his virtues or his psychological height. We study a lot of depression and anxiety, misjudgments and errors, very much focusing on this aspect and very little on the positive. If you had a person who 21 hours in a day was depressed and one hour in a day felt good or one day feeling good and then 21 days feeling anxious and depressed, you would say that this person would need help. And I think psychology needs help.
Today depression is 10 times higher than it was in 1960. Now part of it is because there’s more awareness, because we measure better. But that’s not all. It’s also simply because objectively there’s more depression. The average age for depression today is less than 15. Kids at very young age are introduced to the “information highway”. And very often, they are not prepared, not able to deal with it in an effective way.
As a result, when we look at this data, we say we do need more research to help people overcome depression or anxiety. And there seems nothing wrong about that.
According to the studies, 47% Harvard students over the past year have experienced depression to the point of not functioning. So they couldn’t leave home. They were really struggling to just basically get through the day. Now this is not unique to United States. We have a global epidemic here. And once again going back: Is the 21: 1 ratio good? How can we even think about studying happiness and well-being and love and joy?
What I’m going to argue for is that we do need to also focus on the positive. I am going to talk about three reasons why we should do that. The first reason is that it is important to focus on what works, because what works or what we focus on rather creates reality. If we focus on what is working, we’ll have more working in our world, more working in ourselves, more working in our relationships. The second reason why positive psychology as an independent field of study is important is that being happy is not just the negative statement of depression. It doesn’t mean just getting rid of depression or anxiety that I am experiencing so I spontaneously (自然而然) become happy. That’s not the case. That’s not how it works. And finally, prevention, which is the most effective way of preventing hardship, is actually realized by focusing on and cultivating the positive. So for these three reasons, we need positive psychology.
1. By using the ratio of 21 to 1, the author means in fact that ________.| A．on an average a person is depressed 21 hours a day and feels good one hour |
| B．most articles and studies focus primarily on what goes wrong |
| C．the science of psychology has revealed human’s nature |
| D．nearly half of Harvard and nationwide students suffer from depression |
| A．The reason for more measures. | B．The need for doing with depression. |
| C．The reason for more depression. | D．The need for taking some measures. |
| A．Prevention by focusing on and cultivating the positive feelings. |
| B．Offering various ways of overcoming the negative feelings. |
| C．Focusing on what is working to have more working in our life. |
| D．Being happy is not equal to avoiding being unhappy. |
| A．It is essential for our research to focus more on the bright side. |
| B．There is no need for the science of psychology to deal with the negative side. |
| C．The conflict between the negative psychology and positive one can’t be avoided. |
| D．We have to remove depression completely for the purpose of being happy. |
5 . Geocaching
Common Sense Media says that this expensive but very cool GPS app makes it possible for the whole family to go geocaching, a high-tech treasure hunt game. This app makes it unnecessary to buy a dedicated GPS device. The app taps directly into a database with more than 2 million locations, some within walking distance, and gives you everything you need to find treasures hidden by other enthusiasts.
SkySafari
SkySafari is a powerful mobile planetarium (天象馆) that uses GPS locations to view the night sky. The app comes in multiple versions. The databases, even on the entry-level versions, are large, requiring up to 940 MB of free space depending on the platform. You can learn about astronomy by viewing planets and stars, searching for specific objects of interest or looking at astronomical sightings in that night’s sky.
Historypin
Historypin is a great tool to bring families together to share stories. You can learn about the history of any area by searching Historypin’s world map by place, time, or subject. Because there are a few different ways to use Historypin’s bank of user-contributed knowledge, as well as ways to add content, you can learn how to access and create digital content that’s meant to be shared with the general public.
GarageBand
GarageBand is powerful digital music workstation and multitrack recorder. You can create songs in a number of ways, all in an interesting interface. An added bonus is the great editing tools that tighten up any musical performance. You can share your GarageBand songs through social media, email, or text. The app is designed to give everyone an amazing musical experience—and it delivers.
1. What is special about Geocaching?| A．It helps to collect data. | B．It needs an extra GPS device. |
| C．It can develop games. | D．It can locate hidden treasures. |
| A．Search for your interest. | B．Explore different versions. |
| C．View astronomical sightings. | D．Develop the multiple databases. |
| A．search world maps | B．share what they create |
| C．get families involved | D．enjoy musical performances |
6 . My 7-year-old daughter Leeny always has her nose in a book. She even took to reading in the car on the long drive to summer camp, which was where she lost the book. This is the first lost library book in my life. My family has always been over-educated, but we were poor. I didn’t own books. I borrowed books. However, my daughters have more books now than I owned my whole childhood, and I knowingly contribute to it by adding to the stacks (堆). So it’s probably my fault that when Leeny realized she had lost the book, she shrugged. “Sorry. I can’t find it,” she said. “It’s only $20, right? What’s the big deal?”
I felt the need to make her feel responsible for the book. She agreed to help me clean the chicken coop (笼子) in trade for my paying the library fine. I thought this idea was very clever because cleaning the coop is some work I had been avoiding for months. It was summertime and dust floated in the air. But my girl, my animal-loving mini-me, thought shoveling chicken poop (铲鸡粪) was the most fun she’d had on a Saturday morning in a long time. She didn’t feel any of the emotions that punishment is supposed to introduce. In fact, she looked as if she might lose another on purpose in order to clean the coop again. I stood, somewhat dumbfounded (目瞪口呆的), watching her.
It took me a while to realize what had happened, why my punishment had failed so completely and why I didn’t care. The fact is that I had Leeny help me clean the chicken coop. I was there, too, shoveling chicken poop, fetching the clean straw and feed. Leen’s little sister, Vicki, was inside watching a cartoon while my husband paid bills. Only Leeny and I were outside. She had me all to herself for the first time since Vicki was born, and she was enjoying all the attention for once. I don’t know what she learned about responsibility, but I found that I didn’t care about the book any more. We bonded over that unpleasant job and spent quality time together: mother, daughter, and chicken poop.
1. How did Leeny find reading?| A．It was very challenging. | B．It was of great value. |
| C．It was full of enjoyment. | D．It cost a large fortune. |
| A．The author didn’t own many books. |
| B．Leeny feel irresponsible for the lost book. |
| C．The author’s daughters own too many books. |
| D．The author could never have enough books to read. |
| A．Ashamed. | B．Astonished. | C．Embarrassed. | D．Upset. |
| A．What I owe to Leeny is more attention. |
| B．My punishment failed, but I didn’t care. |
| C．My daughter drove me crazy, but I felt grateful. |
| D．What my daughter loves is cleaning chicken coops. |
7 . As a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists, the threespined stickleback (三刺鱼) is known for their different shapes, sizes, and behaviours — they can even live in both sea water and fresh water, and under a wide range of temperatures. But what makes that?
The researchers tracked six populations of the fish before and after seasonal changes to their environment, using genome sequencing (基因组测序). Seasonal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance of salt and fresh water, and only those fish able to tolerate these rapid changes survive into the next season.
“These changes probably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback populations during the past 10,000 years, ” says Professor Barrett. “We hope to gain insight into the genetic changes that may have resulted from natural selection long in the past.”
Remarkably, the researchers discovered the evidence of genetic changes driven by the seasonal shifts in habitats, which mirrored the differences found between long-established freshwater and saltwater populations. “These genetic changes occurred in independent populations over a single season, highlighting just how quickly the effects of natural selection can be detected, ” says Professor Barrett, “the findings suggest that we may be able to use the genetic differences to predict how populations may adapt to the environment.”
The research emphasizes the importance of studying species in dynamic environments to gain a better understanding of how natural selection operates. In the further research, they plan to investigate how repeatable the observed genetic changes are, by testing whether they show up year after year. Doing so would demonstrate their ability to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations.
1. What does the underlined word “that” refer to in Paragraph 1?| A．The threespined stickleback is under a wide range of temperatures. |
| B．The threespined stickleback is popular with evolutionary ecologists. |
| C．The threespined stickleback can adapt to different living conditions. |
| D．The threespined stickleback has different shapes, sizes, and behaviours. |
| A．The difficulties of the research. | B．The purpose of the research. |
| C．The background of the research. | D．The methods of the research. |
| A．Habitat shifts. | B．Genetic changes. |
| C．Seasonal changes. | D．Independent populations. |
| A．To know what natural selection is. |
| B．To study species in dynamic environments. |
| C．To test the reliability of the present discoveries. |
| D．To forecast the evolutionary future of certain species. |
1. 活动的目的；
2. 活动的要求；
3. 表达期待。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
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The Students' Union
9 . We’ve all heard the stories of an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough: living a hard life, working part-time, being a couch potato before getting that major role. Shelby, the star of “A Dog’s Way Home”, has an unfortunate tale that could top them all. Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal.
Shelby’s big break came in April 2017, when animal-control officer Megan Buhler was driving in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Out on an unrelated call, Buhler spotted and approached what she recalled was a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump. “I knelt down and just said, ‘Oh, come here, baby,’” said Buhler. “She was so scared, but she came right up to me, and I was able to put her in my truck.” They headed to the county animal shelter, where the staff began calling the new resident Baby Girl.
Buhler and others didn’t know that 3,200 kilometers away, Hollywood was looking for a dog to play Bella in a film written by Cathryn Michon. The find-a-Bella job went to freelance trainer Teresa Ann Miller. Her mission was to search shelters nationwide for a dog that could play Bella. One day, Miller spotted Baby Girl’s adoption photo. “Honestly, it was a really good picture, and she was flat-out smiling,” Miller said. Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on personality and the ability to respond to simple commands. After assessment, she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter, renamed her Shelby and took her to California for training. Miller and Shelby had trained for just over three months before filming began. Then they were together each day on the set.
Most of the film’s reviews have praised Shelby’s performance. Variety made the comments “an amazing dog, perfect performance!”
Shelby has come a long way from the garbage dump. But Buhler said when she saw Shelby recently she just needed only a second to compare the movie star with the dog she found from piles of trash. “She’s exactly the same,” Buhler said.
1. Why does the author mention an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough at the very beginning?| A．To clearly point out the main idea of the passage. |
| B．To attract reader’s attention by giving dramatic examples. |
| C．To introduce a dog’s similar but even more striking experiences. |
| D．To make a sharp contrast between an actor’s struggle and a dog’s struggle. |
| A．Her adoption picture. | B．Her personality and ability. |
| C．Her flat-out smiling. | D．Her miserable experiences. |
| A．The dog looked sad as before. |
| B．The dog was really excited to live such a happy life. |
| C．The dog returned to the piles of trash where she found it. |
| D．The dramatic change of the dog’s life hasn’t changed her inner quality. |
| A．The Trainer and Her Star Dog. | B．Shelby’s Unfortunate Story. |
| C．From a Landfill Puppy to a Movie Star. | D．The Success of “A Dog’s Way Home”. |
10 . Scientists have an unlikely new helper while exploring the Earth’s crust (地壳) deep beneath the ocean: Fin whales. New research, published Thursday in Science, finds these Fin whale calls’ sound waves can help create images of the seafloor down to 2. 5 kilometers.
Seafloor imaging, which is important for studying things like earthquake mechanics and carbon storage capacity, usually uses large air guns that send waves of sound downwards. The sound waves go through the crust and bounce back to instruments on the seafloor, carrying information about the structures they travel through. But such surveys are expensive, and the guns’ explosive noise may interrupt sea creatures that use sound to communicate.
Vaclav Kuna, the study co-author, was studying earthquakes when he noticed strange readings on the seafloor seismic (地震的) instruments, which turned out to match the frequencies of fin whale calls. Whale songs often appear in such instruments’ records, says Emily Roland, a marine seismologist at the University of Washington. Seismologists usually see these signals as annoyance. Kuna, however, noticed that the signals were not coming directly from the whales, but were echoes bouncing back from within the crust.
This technique does have limitations, Kuna says. Fin whale songs are limited in frequency, meaning the subsurface images are not as clear as those made with air guns. Additionally, a relatively flat seafloor is needed to triangulate (作三角测量) the whales’ positions while multiple stations would be needed in uneven or mountainous regions, he says.
Nevertheless, these whales are found almost everywhere except the ice-covered areas of the Arctic. The whale calls’ wide existence means they could provide new insight into old seismic datasets, Roland says. “At least the whale songs can serve as an additional source of signals. They are free and they are always there,” Kuna says. “It’s a win-win.”
1. What do we know about seafloor imaging in Paragraph 2?| A．It may affect some sea animals. | B．It can help predict earthquakes. |
| C．It is not completely accurate. | D．It is environmentally-friendly. |
| A．They can help scientists to locate their habitats. |
| B．They are easy to record and measure in the ocean. |
| C．They are likely to be used for seafloor imaging. |
| D．They have different frequencies among fin whales. |
| A．Exchanging messages between whales. |
| B．Working as an extra source of signals. |
| C．Providing useful insights into whales. |
| D．Exploring the ice-covered areas of the Arctic. |
| A．Fin Whale Calls Reveal Structure beneath Ocean Floor |
| B．Fin Whales Communicate by Singing Special Songs |
| C．Fin Whale Protection Is a Win-win Move for All |
| D．Seafloor Imaging Helps to Locate More Resources |
