1 . My 7-year-old daughter Leeny always has her nose in a book. She even took to reading in the car on the long drive to summer camp, which was where she lost the book. This is the first lost library book in my life. My family has always been over-educated, but we were poor. I didn’t own books. I borrowed books. However, my daughters have more books now than I owned my whole childhood, and I knowingly contribute to it by adding to the stacks (堆). So it’s probably my fault that when Leeny realized she had lost the book, she shrugged. “Sorry. I can’t find it,” she said. “It’s only $20, right? What’s the big deal?”
I felt the need to make her feel responsible for the book. She agreed to help me clean the chicken coop (笼子) in trade for my paying the library fine. I thought this idea was very clever because cleaning the coop is some work I had been avoiding for months. It was summertime and dust floated in the air. But my girl, my animal-loving mini-me, thought shoveling chicken poop (铲鸡粪) was the most fun she’d had on a Saturday morning in a long time. She didn’t feel any of the emotions that punishment is supposed to introduce. In fact, she looked as if she might lose another on purpose in order to clean the coop again. I stood, somewhat dumbfounded (目瞪口呆的), watching her.
It took me a while to realize what had happened, why my punishment had failed so completely and why I didn’t care. The fact is that I had Leeny help me clean the chicken coop. I was there, too, shoveling chicken poop, fetching the clean straw and feed. Leen’s little sister, Vicki, was inside watching a cartoon while my husband paid bills. Only Leeny and I were outside. She had me all to herself for the first time since Vicki was born, and she was enjoying all the attention for once. I don’t know what she learned about responsibility, but I found that I didn’t care about the book any more. We bonded over that unpleasant job and spent quality time together: mother, daughter, and chicken poop.
1. How did Leeny find reading?| A．It was very challenging. | B．It was of great value. |
| C．It was full of enjoyment. | D．It cost a large fortune. |
| A．The author didn’t own many books. |
| B．Leeny feel irresponsible for the lost book. |
| C．The author’s daughters own too many books. |
| D．The author could never have enough books to read. |
| A．Ashamed. | B．Astonished. | C．Embarrassed. | D．Upset. |
| A．What I owe to Leeny is more attention. |
| B．My punishment failed, but I didn’t care. |
| C．My daughter drove me crazy, but I felt grateful. |
| D．What my daughter loves is cleaning chicken coops. |
2 . It’s no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is crowded with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores, are known to cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms attach to smoke particles, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don’t cause lung infections, says Chen, but it’s certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. “I always thought it was the particles in smoke that were causing these issues,” says Chen. “But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses?”
Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is “certainly alarming”, says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive.
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.
1. What can we know about the microorganisms from paragraph 2?| A．They could be killed by high heat. |
| B．They could reproduce in large numbers after fires. |
| C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves. |
| D．They can easily attach themselves to smoke particles. |
| A．They might worsen lung diseases. | B．They will cause lung infections. |
| C．They will destroy living environments. | D．They might damage respiratory systems. |
| A．They live in poor areas. |
| B．They drive to and from work. |
| C．They have suffered from lung disease. |
| D．They are exposed to polluted air more frequently. |
| A．Results of the new research. |
| B．Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality. |
| C．Disagreements between the author and Chen. |
| D．Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air. |
1. 表达谢意; 2. 个人感受; 3. 表达信心。
注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：流行病epidemic 疫情epidemic situation 新型冠状病毒COVID-19
Dear Medical workers,
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization
Jason set up a plan that in five years he
By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts
As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities
In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work.
Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in
5 . A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is, well, just playing...right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists (心理学家)have argued that this "play" is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground — and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way — that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, "It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children."
1. According to some developmental psychologists,________.| A．a baby’s play is nothing more than a game |
| B．scientific research into babies’ games is possible |
| C．the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated |
| D．a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment |
| A．scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently |
| B．scientists and babies often interact with each other |
| C．babies are born with the knowledge of object support |
| D．babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do |
| A．exploring the physical world | B．investigating human psychology |
| C．repeating their own experiments | D．observing their parents’ behaviors |
| A．The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play. |
| B．Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science. |
| C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists. |
| D．One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows. |
| A．Convincing. | B．Confused. | C．Confident. | D．Cautious. |
Are students' grades matter of personal privacy? Should test scores be made public?
Opinions vary from person to person. I think it’s good to recognize for the top scorers — they will be inspired and keep try to maintain their high grades. There are some disadvantages, therefore, for the low performers. But competition is a life skill that need to be learned to be successful in the really world. The earlier, the best. Regardless of the type of competition, it will keep them motivating. It is not just about winning or losing, but it is also about when they get involved, enjoy the process and improve them.
Dear schoolmates,
It is known to us, we can benefit a lot from learning English well when having a good knowledge of English mean more opportunities in the future. Therefore, some of us don’t have much interest in English. One of the causes may be what these students have a poor foundation in English. They sometime find it hard to follow the teachers. In my view, fit into the class, we need to have a good command of English words and grammar. You can listen to an English songs or watch English movies to build up your vocabulary. Besides, try to prepare for lessons before classes and going over what you're told regular.
Best wishes to all of you!
I'm a senior 3 student from China. Now I'm here to expressed my thanks to you on behalf my school and myself.
I have been studying as a exchange student in my school for a month. The past month has been a wonderful time, during that I have made many friends and learned a lot about American culture. Not only my speaking English, but also my ability to live independent has improved a lot. Thanks for your treatment or the service you offered. Finally, I warmly welcomed you to visit my school. I will be very much glad to be your guide at that time. That's all. Thank you for your listening.
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us. For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples. I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.
But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
