1 . Binge-watching (刷剧) is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in a row. With developments in the speed and connectivity of the Internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favorite shows stream (流播) directly to their television at their convenience.

This behavior is nothing new. In fact, binge-watching has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognize this behavior and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like” suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode.

However, recent research suggests that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back (一集接一集地), almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and 25% have neglected their household chores (家务活). Next we’ll be missing work!

Bingeing has other connections — binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of them are often associated with a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director, said, “The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist (抗拒) watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?

The countless number of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning, then it becomes a problem. So, what’s the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, “A little of what you fancy does you good.”

1. How did the writer develop the first paragraph?

A．By giving a definition.	B．By telling a story.
C．By listing some examples.	D．By analyzing the cause and effect.

2. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “concurrently” in Paragraph2?

A．For convenience.	B．At the same time.
C．In detail.	D．Free of charge.

3. What Lindsey said in Paragraph 4 implies that ______.

A．people can’t control their feelings	B．people can’t resist the temptation of Bingeing
C．people have no patience to do work	D．people are addicted to waiting for a new episode

4. What advice did the writer give at last?

A．To keep online media from stopping functioning.

B．To enjoy entertainment as much as possible.

C．To learn life lessons from the episodes.

D．To watch episodes in a moderate way.

3 . While retiring ahead of time may be easier on the body, a new set of research has found that it may not be so beneficial for the mind. The study, conducted at Binghamton University, finds that an early retirement can speed up the usual rate of cognitive (认知的) decline among the elderly.

The research team analyzed China’s new rural pension system, as well as China’s most recent Retirement Longitudinal Survey, in order to investigate the effects of early retirement and pension benefits on individual cognition among adults over the age of 60. After going over all of the data, the research team noted a clear trend: people receiving pension benefits were experiencing much more rapid mental decline than those still on the workforce. Surprisingly, females seemed to experience even sharper mental decline after retiring early. Overall, the results support the hypothesis (假设) that decreased mental activity accelerates cognitive decline.

Nikolov, the lead researcher, had actually conducted previous studies that found retirement led to a number of positive physical health benefits for retirees, such as improved sleep patterns, less stress, and reduced alcohol consumption. However, retirement is also usually accompanied with a decline in social activities and less overall interaction with people, which has also been linked to cognitive decline.

“For cognition among the elderly, it looks like the negative effect on social connection far outweighed the positive effect of the program on fitness and sleep.” Nikolov says. “Or social connection may simply be the single most powerful factor for cognitive performance in old age.”

The research team are hopeful that their findings will be considered by older adults when thinking about retirement, but perhaps more importantly, they hope that policy makers in developing countries take note while drawing up new pension plans. They recommend building social get-togethers and workshops for recent retirees to help lessen the predicted decline in social interaction and creative thinking that often comes along with retirement.

1. Which of the following best describes retiring ahead of time for the mind?

A．Useless.

B．Beneficial.

C．Damaging.

D．Improving.

2. Who suffered most according to the research?

A．Men retiring as plans.	B．Women retiring early.
C．Women over the age of 60.	D．Men retiring ahead of time.

3. What will retirement bring to the elderly?

A．Longer sleeping time.	B．Fewer social activities.
C．More alcohol consumption.	D．More time with family members.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．We should help the retired people

B．We should not retire in the modern world

C．Early retirement is not so good for the old

D．The government should make a new policy

4 . The World Health Organization’s Internship (实习) Program offers a wide range of opportunities for graduates to gain insight (洞察力) in the technical and administrative programs of WHO while enriching their knowledge and experience in the health field.

Who are we looking for?

— You are at least twenty years of age on the date of application.

— You have completed three years of full-time studies at a university. Applicants who have already graduated may also qualify for consideration if they apply to the internship within six months after completion of their formal qualification.

— You possess a first degree in a public health, medical or social field related to the technical work of WHO or a degree in a management-related field.

— You are not related to a WHO staff member (e.g., son/daughter, brother/sister, or mother/father).

— You are fluent at least in one of the working languages of the office of assignment.

— You have not previously participated in WHO’s Internship Program.

— You hold a valid passport from a WHO Member State.

How to apply?

All applications should be made for the vacancies posted on the WHO Careers site using the WHO corporate recruitment system (Stellis). Don^’t miss the application deadlines.

September 1 — October 15 2020 for an internship starting January 1 — June 30 2021

January 10 — February 25 2021 for an internship starting July 1 — December 31 2021

By December 1, WHO will inform all selected candidates who applied in September and October. If you have not received any message from WHO by December 1 2020, it means that you have not been selected. For candidates who applied in January and February 2021, no information by April 15 2021 means that you have not been selected. You may apply again if you are still interested.

1. Which of the following students can be a candidate?

A．A student whose mother works at a regional branch of WHO.

B．An 18-year-old senior student at Harvard University.

C．A student who graduated from university four months ago.

D．A former participant of WHO’s Internship Program.

2. How should students make the application?

A．By emailing a resume to the WHO.

B．By using Stellis on the WHO Careers site.

C．By participating in a campus recruitment event.

D．By visiting a local career information website.

3. What does the underlined word “candidates” probably mean?

A．Applicants.

B．Employees.

C．Students.

D．Judges.

6 . 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where does the man like to go?

A．To an island.

B．To the beach.

C．To a pub.

2. What does the woman like doing?

A．Being away from the tourists.

B．Meeting people when she is on holiday.

C．Making friends with people who speak Spanish.

8 . How will the man go to the airport tomorrow?

A．By bus.

B．By taxi.

C．By car.

9 . At the Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach, Florida, on Sunday, tensions ran high between the drivers, all anxious to start the NASCAR (全国汽车比赛协会) season with a good race. Tony Stewart in particular seemed to want to have an impressive finish and went to some lengths to achieve it, including getting extremely close to some other cars.

Stewart’s first had a run in with Matt Kenseth. Stewart made an aggressive move, which sent Kenseth unable to finish the Daytona 500. However, Stewart simply received an aggressive driving punishment from NASCAR officials.

Stewart, who had been promoting safer driving all week leading up to the race according to the Associated Press, also had a run in with Kyle Busch. Busch and Stewart had a run in which resulted in Stewart crossing over the yellow out-of-bounds line. Stewart was not punished because officials decided it was Busch’s fault.

Adding to the excitement of this opening race for the NASCAR season, Stewart also had a run in with Jeff Gordon’s car. On lap 47 the two were going around a tight spot, both trying to beat the other one out for the lead when Stewart tapped Gordon’s car. Both cars grazed the wall, although there was minimal damage and both were able to continue on. Gordon told reporters that he believes this incident was the fault of both himself and Stewart.

Maybe it is a coincidence that Stewart was involved in all of these run-ins or maybe he was really just determined to finish well in this race-no one knows for sure. But Stewart finished 5th in this race while the other people he had a run in with did not place in the top five.

1. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Stewart as a race driver?

A．Devoted.

B．Humourous.

C．Lucky.

D．Diligent.

2. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Stewart like others wanted to win the race.

B．Kenseth will win the race without Stewart.

C．Stewart should have been punished more seriously.

D．Steward got close to other cars to help them.

3. Why wasn’t Steward punished when his car crossed over the yellow line?

A．Because he thought it was Busch’s fault.

B．Because he had been driving safely all week.

C．Because Bush hit his car on purpose.

D．Because officials thought he didn’t break the law.

4. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4?

A．Stewart’s good luck.

B．Stewat’s run in with Jeff Gordon’s car.

C．The fault of the run in with Jeff Gordon’s car.

D．Stewart’s and Gordon’s cars were both damaged.

10 . Following Cook’s death in 1779, the Endeavour journal of James Cook is thought to have been held by his wife Elizabeth. There is no record of the journal’s movements following Elizabeth Cook’s death in 1835 until its appearance in 1923 when it was offered at auction (拍卖) by its owners the Bolckow family of Yorkshire. The family were unable to explain how they came to hold the journal. It had apparently been in the family’s library ‘for over fifty years, having been purchased by the late Bolckow’s uncle, but from whom and in what circumstances is unknown’.

On 21 March 1923 the Australian government purchased the Endeavour journal for £5000 for the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library.

The Mitchell Library, Sydney, had been chasing the journal since its discovery with the Bolckow family in 1922 before the auction, and had approached the Commonwealth Government for a financial contribution towards the purchase. Though Interim (临时的) Commonwealth Parliamentary Librarian Arthur Wadsworth had guaranteed the Mitchell that there would be no competition for the item, Kenneth Binns (to be Wadsworth’s successor) felt that the Endeavour journal was more suited to remain within the nation’s library.

Binns put forward an eventually persuasive argument that the Commonwealth could not finance the Mitchell, ‘which was, after all, a private institution’. Prime Minister Bruce telegraphed the officer in London to instruct the Mitchell Library’s Chief Librarian, already in England anticipating the auction, to bid on behalf of the Commonwealth. The Mitchell Library accepted upon the understanding that it would be the keeper of the journal until such time that the Commonwealth Government had a suitable storing place, a National Library.

Upon arrival in Australia the journal was exhibited in Queens Hall, Melbourne, for a month after which it was taken to the Mitchell Library which held it for four years, before it was removed to Canberra.

1. Who owned the Endeavour journal of James Cook at last ?

A．James Cook.	B．Elizabeth Cook.
C．The Bolckow family of Yorkshire.	D．The Australian government.

2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?

A．Melbourne       .	B．The Mitchell Library.
C．The Commonwealth Government.	D．Canberra.

3. What can you learn from the passage?

A．Cook’s wife Elizabeth passed on the Endeavour journal to the Blockow family.

B．The Endeavour journal was on show in Melbourne before being taken to Sydney.

C．The Mitchell Library bought the Endeavour journal at its own expense.

D．The National Library of Australia is in Melbourne.

4. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．How the Endeavour journal came to the National Library of Australia.

B．How the Endeavour journey came to the Mitchell Library of Sydney.

C．How the Endeavour journey came to the Bolckow family of Yorkshire.

D．How important the Endeavour journey is to Australian.