1 . Beejhy Barhany, growing up in an Ethiopian-Jewish community in Israel, has been cooking for her family as long as she can remember. Now a chef and owner of Tsion Café in Harlem, New York, Barhany continues to pull from cooking traditions, including one that has become the source of much controversy in recent decades: washing raw meat before cooking.

For Barhany, submerging raw chicken in salt and lemon water is both functional and ceremonial, as soaking or rinsing raw meat in salt water and acid-such as lemon juice or vinegar-is a common form of “washing” required by Jewish Kosher rules. And a 2015. survey of over 1, 500 American consumers found that nearly 70 percent rinse or wash their poultry before cooking it, though the U. S. Department of Agriculture( USDA) started telling consumers not to wash raw poultry in the 1990s. Experts including those from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention strongly warned that rather than reducing the risk of foodborne illness (食源性疾病), washing meat increases the likelihood of spreading unwanted pathogens (病原体), like salmonella and campylobacter, around the kitchen.

“Washing meat before cooking is not really helping,” says Betty Feng, associate professor of food science at Purdue University. “The only thing it does is splashing (飞溅) and could cross-contaminate a lot of your kitchen items-your sink, probably your clothes, whatever you have by the sink.” Moreover, Feng cautions against using saltwater, vinegar, or lemon juice, which simply isn’t strong enough to effectively kill foodborne pathogens. “If the acidity is high enough to kill bacteria, then it’s not really likely you can use your bare hand to wash,” she says.

And a 2022 study showed that submerging meat in a bowl of water reduced the splashing but not the spread of germs. “I would treat the entire sink just like the outside of the chicken——it’s a biological hazard,” says Benjamin Chapman, one of the study authors and associate professor in North Carolina State University’s agricultural and human sciences department. “The way that we make meat safe is through cooking, not through the removal of pathogens.”

1. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?

A．To broaden the readers’ horizons.	B．To make a comparison.
C．To introduce the topic.	D．To state the author’s opinion.

2. What is mentioned about the Jewish Kosher rules from this text?

A．Nearly 70 percent of American consumers follow the rules.

B．The rules pay attention to functional and ceremonial aspects.

C．Uncooked meat is submerged in water with salt and vinegar.

D．It warns people of the risk of foodborne illness.

3. What is TRUE about “washing meat before cooking” according to Betty?

A．It has sparked a lot of controversy in recent years.

B．It has decreased the risk of foodborne illness.

C．It can not be directly done/with your bare hands.

D．It may do a favor/ to the transfer of pathogens.

4. Why is the underlined phrase “biological hazard” mentioned in the last paragraph?

A．To emphasize that chickens pose a level/of threat to humans’ life.

B．To show that sinks can be a way to increase splashing.

C．To prove that cooking is a good way to kill pathogens.

D．To stress that the practice people follow is not advisable.

2 . Sleep is essential to our mental and physical well-being, so people need to get adequate (足够的) rest. One part of sleep that impacts well-being is the position we settle into when we climb into bed at night, whether we prefer to be on our back, side, or stomach.     1    , some positions maybe better for you than others, depending on your specific health concerns.

You probably know the position you like to fall asleep in.     2    . In particular, while adults tend to favor sleeping on their sides, as they get older, that preference becomes stronger. In addition, while everyone moves around during sleep, 20 to 34-year-olds move more than those over 35, and men tend to change positions more than women.

Many of us may not give much thought to our sleeping position well into our mid-20s or 30s.     3    . Sleeping in one position over another can be the difference between struggles with issues like acid reflux (胃酸反流), back and neck pain, or sleep apnea, a disorder in which an individual stops breathing for 10 seconds or more during sleep.

    4    , you should continue to sleep in that position. On the other hand, if you sleep on your back and find that it worsens acid reflux, disrupting (使……中断) your sleep and leaving you groggy (昏昏沉沉的) during the day, you may want to try switching positions.

    5    . If you like your current sleep position, don’t feel forced to change it. If youth think a new position might make sleep more comfortable for you, though, go ahead and try another position.

A．While each sleeping position has benefits and downsides

B．Switching to aside sleeping position can be a better option

C．We spend less than 10% of our night sleeping in this position

D．If you do find that you’re most comfortable when you sleep on your stomach

E．However, research has shown several factors influence our preferred sleeping position

F．But as we a age, our sleeping position can become increasingly important to our well-being

G．Ultimately, the best sleep position is whichever sleep position enables you to enjoy an uninterrupted sleep

3 . 阅读下面文字，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As an essential part and the largest organ of our body, the skin has many important functions. Therefore, getting burnt can lead to very serious     1    (injure) which need first aid in time. We can get burnt by a variety of things, like hot liquids, fire or some chemicals.     2    (depend) on the depth of skin damage, burns can be divided     3     three types first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns.

4 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Where is the speaker now?

A．In a college.

B．In a hospital.

C．In a pet school.

2. In which aspect is a visit from a dog helpful?

A．It can help nurses do a lot of things.

B．It can prevent patients from getting sick.

C．It can improve patients’ physical and mental well-being.

3. What are the dogs first trained to do in the program?

A．Get to know the hospital and fetch things.

B．Accompany patients to their hospital rooms.

C．Play with patients and their children.

5 . YOLO, the highest-grossing movie of this year’s Spring Festival holiday has _________ a weight loss craziness among the Chinese _________. Though Jia said the story was intended to _________ self-care, her surprising physical transformation — she halved her weight in about a year, has stirred a discussion on slimming and encouraged viewers to hit the _________ or change their diets.

However doctors warn that such a rapid loss of weight is not healthy, and has _________ risks. It is possible to lose 50 kilograms in a little over a year, which _________ losing less than 5 kilograms per month, said Chen Qiuxia, a famous _________. But it is vital to undergo this process under the _________ support of professional nutritionists. Chen said for health and safety _________, a weight loss of 50 kilograms should take at least 6 months. If one aims to lose this much weight in a shorter period, the body might __________.

The key to staying fit is __________ a healthy lifestyle and understanding that weight loss is a long, gradual journey. To lose weight in a healthy way, you need to set a long-term goal that __________ several reachable short-term goals. It would be better to work out a schedule and __________ it, rather than blindly trying extreme workload to lose weight.

Regarding __________, the most important thing is to find a type of exercise that is safe and easy to continue in the long run, and it is important to __________ cardio (有氧运动) with resistance training.

1.

A．arisen

B．aroused

C．risen

D．raised

2.

A．lastly

B．frequently

C．recently

D．firstly

3.

A．stimulate

B．dominate

C．emerge

D．involve

4.

A．school

B．market

C．hospital

D．gym

5.

A．potential

B．negative

C．massive

D．crucial

6.

A．plans

B．means

C．keeps

D．tends

7.

A．nutritionist

B．teacher

C．police

D．nurse

8.

A．precise

B．subjective

C．positive

D．comprehensive

9.

A．reputations

B．recognition

C．concerns

D．guarantee

10.

A．protect

B．restore

C．protest

D．die

11.

A．adapting

B．adopting

C．tolerating

D．reforming

12.

A．composes of

B．makes up of

C．comprises of

D．consists of

13.

A．appeal to

B．stick to

C．subscribe to

D．up to

14.

A．workouts

B．games

C．practices

D．sports

15.

A．provide

B．fill

C．equip

D．combine

6 . I’m Lovin’It

Food would undoubtedly be our best friend, if it wasn’t for our love-and-hate relationship with calories. And the _______ fact that so many tasty things actually contain so many of them often catches us off guard. Calories quietly hide in our favorite foods, ready to slide into our bodies uninvited, often without _______, where they will stay for an extended vacation, until we can find the motivation to do some physical exercise (which, let’s face it, is never) in the hope of losing some weight.

Calories _______ practically everything that you can put in your mouth, which makes them impossible to avoid. So, rather than totally _______ delicious treats, it’s time to embrace them. So, starting with everyone’s favourite fast food restaurant, we’ve ranked some of the food on the McDonald’s menu_______ calories, so that you can indulge (纵情享受) with full disclosure.

But a word of _______: There is an extremely high chance that once reading this, you will desire everything on the McDonald’s menu-regardless of the calories.

Hash Brown - 150 calories
	The hash browns look so _______ and harmless in their individual paper sleeves. But, hiding behind that crispy (脆的) appearance is a warm, soft center rich with calories and nearly 6% of your daily fat allowance.
Small French Fries-250 calories
	The _______ of McDonald’s lies in its delicious french fries. The skinny potato chips have the ability to revive us from near death, but they come with a price: 250 calories for a small portion! A large portion will _______510 calories!
McChicken Hamburger-370 calories
	The McChicken Hamburger comes with lettuce, which provides a false sense of ________, as our brain is programmed to see green salads as healthy, which they are, just not when combined with all fat mayo (蛋黄酱) and fried chicken.
Chicken McNuggets–388 calories
	It is never easy to choose the portion size of Chicken McNuggets, six isn’t enough, nine is a little too many, and 24 is virtually impossible. ________, learning the calorie difference between the portion sizes may help you make a decision. Six will cost you 270 calories, nine will claim 388 calories and 24 nuggets contain an enormous 1,140 calories.
Sausage McMuffin with Egg-430 calories
	Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, so why not ________ yourself with the McDonald’s breakfast menu? Well, because a Sausage and Egg McMuffin will secretly drain 430 calories from your daily allowance before you have even ________ woken up. But, nothing beats McDonald’s to start a new day!
Big Mac-560 calories
	The Big Mac is the comfort food we all ________ in times of need. Although, it would appear that it doesn’t quite support us as well as we thought, because hiding inside the tasty treat are 560 calories!

Despite the knowledge that a quick trip to McDonald’s will burn through virtually your whole daily allowance of food ________, we have no shame in admitting that it is our favourite place on Earth. We are certainly “Lovin’ It”!

1.

A．easy-to-accept

B．heart-warming

C．less-known

D．make-believe

2.

A．notice

B．purpose

C．support

D．strategy

3.

A．rely on

B．differ from

C．filter out

D．exist in

4.

A．refuse

B．prepare

C．share

D．deserve

5.

A．for fear of

B．in order of

C．in contrast to

D．without limitation on

6.

A．complaint

B．appreciation

C．encouragement

D．warning

7.

A．tasteless

B．strange

C．innocent

D．oily

8.

A．failure

B．magic

C．history

D．distribution

9.

A．burn

B．monitor

C．claim

D．restrict

10.

A．security

B．fullness

C．happiness

D．boredom

11.

A．Otherwise

B．Moreover

C．However

D．Similarly

12.

A．behave

B．spoil

C．burden

D．amuse

13.

A．unhappily

B．properly

C．suddenly

D．late

14.

A．attend to

B．glance at

C．associate with

D．turn to

15.

A．intake

B．shortage

C．bill

D．preparation

7 . With the development of the Internet, many of our activities take place online. Medicine is no exception. Patients can visit doctors by phone call and video chat. Online searches for telehealth increased sharply.

Online visits are best suited to simple tasks, like refilling prescriptions (doctor’s orders), as well as diagnosing (诊断) and treating conditions that rely on a doctor’s sense of sight — pink eye, rashes, etc. — or a patient’s description of symptoms, such as back pain. Telehealth also works better at monitoring chronic (慢性的) conditions, such as congestive heart failure, where doctors don’t need to provide a new diagnosis but simply check up on patients, monitor symptoms and discuss the side effects of medication. Diabetes (糖尿病) is also a good fit: people can upload blood sugar levels, dosing, and other information for a doctor to review electronically.

Mental health service is easy to access digitally, too, though it comes with advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, doctors may not be able to see body language, which can sometimes be a clue to understanding a client’s well being, and a poor Internet connection can be particularly unfavorable during a difficult conversation. On the other hand, there are patients who like it better. “Some health care providers even say having that extra bit of distance makes people more honest and less stressed to talk about difficult topics,” says Annette Totten, a professor who has studied telehealth.

When done right, Totten’s research shows telehealth benefits both health care providers and patients. It can significantly reduce hospital admissions, which frees beds for people in need of special care. And it’s a lot more convenient for patients, adds Michelle Greiver, a family doctor.

1. How is the medicine industry changing?

A．convenient

B．popular

C．difficult

D．digital

2. What kind of disease is fit for a virtual medical visit?

A．Heart attack

B．High fever

C．Uncomfortable eye

D．Back injury

3. Why do some mental health patients prefer online service according to the passage?

A．Because it reduces their pressure.

B．Because it saves them transportation cost.

C．Because it saves them time on the road.

D．Because it makes it easier for them to contact the doctor.

4. What’s the author’s attitude toward online medical visits?

A．Negative.

B．Supportive.

C．Doubtful.

D．Uncertain.

5. Which aspect of online healthcare does the text focus on?

A．application

B．effects

C．development

D．advantages

8 . Studies have shown that when people’s mental health improves, they’re more likely to _________ in their relationships and careers — and adopt healthier habits. People become more productive, find meaning in everyday experiences and are more equipped to cope with changes and obstacles when they feel mentally well. Here are four New Year’s resolutions experts expect people to make _________ mental health.

Rethink your social media use

Reflect on whether you’d like to continue with the same online habits in 2024, says Nedra Glover Tawwab, a therapist. “Do you want to set some _________ for yourself? Are there people you need to _________?” “For example, you might limit yourself to 15 minutes on social media per day, delete the most _________ apps from your phone during the workweek, or challenge yourself not to check social media when you’re feeling gloomy.

Reconnect with a long-lost friend

“Make new friends, but keep the old” is an adage (格言) for a reason. Loneliness affects physical and mental health while _________ social bonds are a slave. Resolve to reach out to “one person you lost touch with who used to be _________ to you,” Winch says. He recommends opening with a text like this: “I was thinking about you. It’s been so long. How are you?” _________ the message with a smiley face, he adds. “That’s important because when you say, ‘It’s been so long’, it can sound accusing.” A smiley face, Winch says, can ensure the _______ meaning — “I miss you” — comes across.

Plan four activities each week

The “core four” help guard against life’s stressors. First, do something __________, like attending a football game or belting out a Taylor Swift album. Having fun “__________ the stress by helping you accumulate more positive events than negative ones,” says Calvin Fitch, a clinical health psychologist. Then check off a “mastery activity”, like cleaning or running errands. Also important are being __________— a sense of belonging facilitates better health — and doing physical activities that get your heart rate going.

Do something to relieve climate anxiety

If you’re __________ about the state of the planet — and more of us are — worrying won’t help. Instead, take a cue from Winch’s family: each year, they decide to do one thing to __________ their climate anxiety, like eliminating plastic bags, composting food scraps, or walking 15 minutes to nearby destinations instead of driving. “It’s overwhelming — I feel like I can’t get my arms around it,” he says. “But doing one small thing is a way of feeling like you’re __________ your goal.”

1.

A．compete

B．quit

C．recall

D．thrive

2.

A．in memory of

B．in the name of

C．with the aid of

D．with the exception of

3.

A．boundaries

B．standards

C．records

D．examples

4.

A．uncover

B．unlock

C．unfollow

D．unlike

5.

A．time-consuming

B．time-saving

C．time-honored

D．time-starved

6.

A．deep

B．new

C．private

D．safe

7.

A．dear

B．indifferent

C．rare

D．strange

8.

A．Decorate

B．End

C．Lengthen

D．Start

9.

A．moral

B．literature

C．real

D．empathetic

10.

A．comfortable

B．efficient

C．pleasurable

D．unusual

11.

A．decreases

B．enhances

C．extends

D．supplies

12.

A．energetic

B．healthy

C．responsible

D．social

13.

A．ambitious

B．cautious

C．confident

D．distressed

14.

A．conceal

B．ease

C．measure

D．track

15.

A．emphasizing

B．defeating

C．underestimating

D．approaching

9 . Deep sleep doesn’t just rest your body. Scientists believe it’s also when the brain washes away toxins (毒素), with a new project looking at whether the brain’s self-clean can be boosted.

South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) neuroscientist Dr Tim Sargeant has teamed with Dr Edward Robins from SAHMRI’s Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit to develop a brain scan that shows how well a brain is cleaning itself. Studies have shown that a clean brain would help with memory while fighting dementia (痴呆).

Scientists believe our brains clean themselves out each night when we enter deep sleep. Cerebrospinal fluid (脑脊液) is thought to wash through the brain, cleaning out toxins. Studies have shown a clear link between poor memory and toxins like the buildup of sticky plaques (粘性斑块) in the brains. Scientists believe brains that have a buildup of this plaque over time may not be cleaning themselves properly, putting people at risk of dementia.

Fortunately, the hope is that a clean brain would help with memory while fighting dementia. The brain scan will use special material to track how well the brain can keep itself clean and healthy through the process of removing and recycling its waste. “We’re aiming to catch the signs of the brain struggling to keep itself clean in individuals around the age of 50 or 60, well before the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (老年痴呆症) in most people,” Dr Sargeant said.

This new scan, an exciting imaging technology, will allow scientists to form a picture of a living brain and watch how it’s recycling wasting material in real time. “The scan takes out a lot of the guess work, by allowing scientists to see with their own eyes if they’ve hit the target or not,” Dr Robins said. “Without imaging, a researcher can get all the way up to the trial stage before realising they’re at a dead end.”

1. What is the aim of Dr Sargeant and Dr Robins’ developing the brain scan?

A．To help people enter deep sleep.	B．To reduce memory loss and dementia.
C．To research how to remove sticky plaques.	D．To study what the brain uses to clean itself.

2. What may cause dementia according to the text?

A．Not enough blood in the brain.	B．Too frequent cleaning of the brain.
C．The increase of cerebrospinal fluid.	D．The gradual increase of sticky plaques.

3. What does the underlined word “onset” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Beginning.

B．Improvement.

C．Worsening.

D．Disappearance.

4. What does Dr Robins think of the brain scan?

A．It brings more work.	B．It is just imaginary.
C．It is quite effective.	D．It is far from exact.

10 . If you were to lift up the keys of your keyboard, and take a look below, you’d probably be met with a terrible scene. “We clean our homes but most of us never think to clean our keyboards,” Rebecca Park, an advanced practice nurse, says.

“Our keyboards can actually hold high levels of bacteria (细菌),” Park says. “The most common bacteria that are found on our keyboards tend to live on our skin, mouth, and nose. These are then carried to our keyboards, usually by our hands.”

And according to one study, this is more likely when many people use the same keyboard, and each brings their own bacteria to the table. That said, touching bacteria-covered surfaces all day long, and then touching your face, can impact your skin. “Dirty electronic devices are a common cause of more acne (粉刺) breakouts,” Dr Yoram Harth explains.

In another study, researchers collected samples (样本) from 300 keyboards and found that all of them had bacteria. “The authors concluded that the presence of infective (感染性的) bacteria on these objects indicates that they might be a cause for the spread of skin infections,” Harth says. “Similar overloads of bacteria were also found on smartphone touch screens and computer mice and headphones.”

It’s not something you necessarily have to think too much about, but it never hurts to be aware of surfaces with bacteria, and take a few extra prevention steps. “A good way to prevent the spread of infection from your keyboards is to wash your hands before and after using the computer,” Park says. “Soapy water is effective enough to kill most bacteria.”

Do this, and you won’t carry as much bacteria to your keyboard, and then back to your face, and so is the opposite. It can also ensure you won’t be clogging your keys with bits from food, especially if you get right back to typing after eating lunch.

1. What do the two studies find?

A．Most people never clean their keyboards.

B．Most of the bacteria on the keyboards are harmless.

C．Most acne breakouts are related to the keyboard use.

D．Most electronic devices have bacteria on their surfaces.

2. Which way is suggested in the text to avoid the spread of bacteria?

A．Clean the keyboard with soapy water.

B．Wash hands after using the computer.

C．Wear gloves when using the computer.

D．Avoid eating before using the computer.

3. What does the underlined word “clogging” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Blocking.

B．Improving.

C．Destroying.

D．Replacing.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Useful Tips on Choosing a Proper Keyboard

B．Practical Ways to Protect Yourself from Bacteria

C．What You Should Keep in Mind About Infection

D．What Happens When You Don’t Clean Your Keyboard