1 . As humanity sets their sights on deep space exploration, the moon becomes a stepping stone, with countries hoping to build lunar bases to support such missions. To solve the “lunch” problem, scientists have been exploring the possibility of growing plants on the moon. A new study by Chinese scientists has found that bacteria in soil from Earth could offer a solution.

Researchers from China Agricultural University tested five species of bacteria on a material that simulated (模拟) lunar soil. Within a period of 10 to 21 days, three of the bacteria species had doubled their amount of phosphorus (磷) content, a key element for plant growth.

They then grew model plants in the lunar soil containing these three bacteria species. They observed that the plants had longer stems and roots after six days of growth compared with those grown without the bacteria. The plants also had heavier and wider leaves after 24 days of growth. Besides, levels of chlorophyll (叶绿素) — responsible for harvesting energy from light — in the model plants were about double that of those grown without bacteria.

“The study results have important implications for future long-term stays on the moon,” the study’s lead researcher, Sun Zhencai, told Xinhua. Earth bacteria may help astronauts make better use of lunar resources, such as creating lunar greenhouses. In their follow-up research, they hope to experiment with real lunar soil samples and grow crops like rice, com and potatoes.

Since the duration of space missions is increasing, carrying all food supplies to space becomes unsustainable. Hence, “space farmers” becomes critical.

During the Shenzhou XI mission, astronauts managed to grow lettuce, from sowing to harvest. In the later missions, the “space farmers” have successfully grown wheat, rice and thale cress (拟南芥), according to CCTV News.

The most recent visitors to China’s space station, the Shenzhou XVII astronauts, are now growing lettuce, scallion and cherry tomato. These “space farmers” not only provide astronauts with food but also more oxygen and water.

1. What do scientists hope the bacteria in soil from Earth can do?

A．Change lunar soil. into Earth soil.	B．Remove pollutants in lunar soil.
C．Help cultivate crops on the moon.	D．Get nutrients from the lunar soil.

2. The scientists divided the plants used in the experiment into groups based on _____.

A．plant species	B．bacteria species
C．the growth rate of the plants	D．the presence of the bacteria

3. What is the main focus of the last two paragraphs on China’s “space farming”?

A．Future missions.	B．Recent achievements.
C．Planting methods.	D．Production processes.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Bacteria from: Earth May Help Grow Crops on the Moon

B．Bacteria Play a Key Role in Growing Crops Nowadays

C．China Has Made Many Achievements Regarding Crop Harvest

D．The Origin and Development of Space Exploration Worldwide

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Several months ago, a Chinese volunteer Chen Mengying and her housemate Stacey Klinge from the United States had been making posters in their community in Shanghai. Posters     1     (feature) a character that looks like the Disney robot Baymax have been popular on the Internet, and got much praise from citizens for lightening the mood during the epidemic.

Chen Mengying, 32, and her American housemate Stacey Klinge, 33,     2     live in Difang Tianyuan housing community of Putuo district in Shanghai,     3     (come) up with the posters after realizing how tense the mood in their community had become because     4     the lockdown challenge. According to Chen and Klinge, their community, which     5     (be) under closed-loop (闭环) management since April 1, 2022, had problems shopping for daily necessities, and this led to several     6     (disagree) between residents and community management.

Eager     7     (help) lighten the mood, the two tried to spread some joy with their artistic skills.

Klinge said she was     8     (total) confused with her housemate’s suggestion to create a character based on dabai. Chen said she was thinking about Baymax from the animated film Big Hero 6. Seeing Baymax and Chinese pandemic workers both play the role of protectors in their worlds, the two decided to use     9     character for their posters. Their posters, which contained the     10     (late) pandemic measures and announcements for residents, have helped their weChat group full of a sense of optimism.

3 . Humans have long been trying to make sense of our place in the universe. Waiting at a launch site in French Guiana? NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is the latest step forward in that ancient quest (探索).

Using telescopes, astronomers have seen many galaxies (星系) such as the Andromeda Galaxy and the NGC 3227 Galaxy. So far, the most distant galaxy ever discovered, GN-z11, was spotted by the Hubble Space Telescope. To the untrained eye, it looks like a red blob (小点点), but it’s basically like looking back in time about 13.4 billion years ago. That’s just about 0.4 billion years after the Big Bang.

“Hubble is limited in how far back in time it can look, so finding this one was just a lucky break,” says Marusa Bradac, an astronomer at the University of California. “Astronomers only spotted it because decades of using Hubble have let them cover much of the sky, and this particular early galaxy is surprisingly bright although it is 25 times smaller than the Milky Way Galaxy and has just one percent of its mass.”

Already, with that one galaxy, we’ve started to question some of our assumptions about how galaxies grow. The powerful, $ 10 billion James Webb Space Telescope has technology that should let it see back to 0.1 ~0.2 billion years after the Big Bang, the period when the very first galaxies possibly formed.

“If all go well, the James Webb Space Telescope will help us to build up the story of how the first galaxies ever formed and how they grew into galaxies we see today and we live in today,” says Bradac. “But the chances of seeing those first born stars with the new telescope are small. There’s maybe even more of a chance that we might see some of those stars explode. Such information can help us understand how galaxies formed and changed into the familiar shapes and structures seen today. That’s what’s amazing about the new telescope.”

1. When did the Big Bang take place?

A．Around 13.0 billion years ago.

B．Around 13.4 billion years ago.

C．Around 13.6 billion years ago.

D．Around 13.8 billion years ago.

2. What does the underlined words “this one” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The Milky Way Galaxy.	B．The GN-z11 Galaxy.
C．The Andromeda Galaxy.	D．The NGC 3227 Galaxy.

3. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

A．The great potential of the new telescope.

B．The need for new scientific breakthroughs.

C．The cost of the James Webb Space Telescope.

D．The importance of the Hubble Space Telescope.

4. What can the new telescope most likely help scientists do according to Bradac?

A．Find the first born star in the universe.

B．Witness the occurring of the Big Bang.

C．See the explosion of some of the first born stars.

D．Get a complete understanding of the universe.

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

China will start engineering the     1    (four)phase of its lunar exploration program this year, China National Space Administration(CNSA)Vice Administrator Wu Yanhua said on Sunday.

The major goal for the phase-4 lunar program is     2    (conduct )scientific exploration at the lunar south pole in order to facilitate the     3    (construct)of a basic structure for a lunar research station in the region. “It would be     4     science station open to all and openly run by different countries and organizations together,” Wu told CGTN. Wu also said the moon base development would be a three-step process,     5    (feature)openness and international cooperation.

“In the first step, we hope to survey and build some necessary facilities in 10 years,” he said. “And in the 10 years or so after the first stage, we look to build a     6    (relative)all-around science station, with engagement from different countries, organizations, including private-sector participation.” He said the third stage would be operation,     7     the station would provide good     8    (science)conditions for global scientists.

Since 2016, China     9    (celebrate)its space achievements every year on April 24. The space program often reveal big projects on the date. In addition     10     lunar missions, China is planning to build an asteroid defense system, which can detect asteroids(小行星)that may hit the Earth and try to reduce the risk.

5 . “ Humans and machine algorithms (算法) have complementary (互补的) strengths and weaknesses. Each uses different sources of information and strategies to make predictions and decisions, ” said Mark Steyvers, UCI professor of cognitive sciences. “ We show through experiments that humans can improve the predictions of AI even when human accuracy is below that of the AI, and vice versa (反之亦然). This accuracy is higher than combining predictions from two individuals or two AI algorithms. ”

To test the framework, researchers conducted an image classification experiment where human participants and computer algorithms worked separately to correctly identify disorderly pictures of animals and everyday items including chairs, bottles, bicycles and trucks. The human participants ranked their confidence in the accuracy of each image identification as low, medium or high, while the machine classifier generated a continuous score. The results showed large differences in confidence between humans and AI algorithms across images.

“ Human participants were confident that a particular picture contained a chair, for example, while the AI algorithm was confused about the image, ” said Padhraic Smyth, UCI Chancellor’s Professor of computer science. “ Similarly, the AI algorithm was able to confidently provide a label for the object shown, while human participants were unsure if the disorderly picture contained any recognizable object. ”

When predictions and confidence scores from both were combined using the researchers’ new Bayesian framework, the mixed model led to better performance than either human or machine predictions achieved alone.

“ While the past research has demonstrated the benefits of combining machine predictions or combining human predictions, this work shows a new direction in demonstrating the potential of combining human and machine predictions, pointing to new and improved approaches to human-AI cooperation, ” Smyth said.

“ The blend of cognitive science focusing on understanding how humans think and behave and computer science in which technologies are produced will provide further insight into how humans and machines can cooperate to build more accurate artificially intelligent systems, ” the researchers said.

1. Which of the following may the research’s findings agree with?

A．Humans have poor performance in making predictions.

B．Humans and machine algorithms should work together.

C．Machine algorithms have low accuracy in calculation.

D．Machine algorithms failed in the classification experiment.

2. What method did the researchers use during the research?

A．Comparison.

B．Assumption.

C．Giving examples.

D．Analysing reasons.

3. What does the underlined word “ blend ” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Difference.

B．Combination.

C．Contradiction.

D．Advantage.

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Humans are confident of their predictions

B．Humans can improve the predictions of AI

C．Develop mixed human- machine model for smarter AI

D．Identify the strengths of humans and machine algorithms

6 . 假定你是李华，来自英国的朋友Peter想知道中国的新冠疫情(coronavirus epidemic)控制情况，写邮件想要询问你当地学校的疫情管控措施，请你给他回信说明。
回信中需要包含如下内容：
1. 感谢他的关心
2. 介绍学校的管控措施（可能需要的单词：口罩（mask），消毒（sterilize）核酸检测（nucleic acid test）,隔离quarantine 疑似病例suspected case）
3. 对战胜疫情的信心
注意：1. 字迹必须清晰，卷面整洁
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
3. 字数不少于100字
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7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

First science class from China’s space station amazes students on Earth

China’s Shenzhou-13 crew members Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu livestreamed the first science lecture from the country’s space station     1     December 9^th, 2021,     2     amazed numerous students on Earth.

The lecture started at 3:40 p.m. (Beijing Time) and lasted about 45 minutes.     3     total of 1,420 primary and middle school students attended the lecture from five classrooms across China.

At the beginning of the class, Wang, the first female astronaut     4    (enter) China’s space station, gave the students a tour of their living and working areas with the     5     (assist) of her two male crewmates.

After the tour, the trio (三人组) demonstrated several     6    (science) experiments under zero-gravity conditions. First, Ye demonstrated experiments     7    (relate) to cell growth in the weightless environment in space with a video clip. They compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity to study their changing rules and mechanisms. Ye and Wang then explained     8     astronauts cannot walk in space like they did on the ground     9     how angular momentum (推动力) helps them turn around in zero gravity.

This is the second space lecture given by astronauts. In June 2013, Wang Yaping, assisted by the other two crew members on the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft,     10    (deliver) the country’s first live space lecture to over 60 million teachers and schoolchildren across China.

8 . On Thursday, a Chinese astronaut returned a science class from a space station under construction in the country. The lecture mainly explained how weightlessness affects buoyancy (浮力) and the movement of objects and optics (光学). Primary students from five cities, including Beijing and Hong Kong, interacted with the astronaut. The event was also open to the public through the live stream.

Wang Yaping, the only woman on the station, served as the main instructor, with the support of Ye Guangfu, and the commander-in-chief, Zhai Zhigang, who operated the camera. Wang taught similar lessons while riding one of China’s early experimental stations in 2013.

The three arrived at the station in October with a six-month stay, preparing the main Tianhe module (舱) for the arrival of two additional modules named Mengtian and Wentian, primarily before completion by the end of next year. Wang became the first Chinese female to do EVA last month. She and Zhai spent six hours outside the module installing the equipment and testing it with the robot service arm at the station.

Their mission, Shenzhou 13, has been China’s longest and China's become the third country after Russia and the United States since it first introduced humans into space in 2003. The three are the second crew members of the permanent station, which weighs about 66 tons when completed, much smaller than the International Space Station, which launched the first module in 1998, and weighs about 450 tons. The crew is evaluating the living conditions of Tianhe while installing equipment in preparation for the expansion of the station.

1. What subject did the lecture from the space station focus on?

A．Medicine.

B．Chemistry.

C．Language.

D．Physics.

2. Who had experience in teaching lesson in space station?

A．Ye Guangfu.

B．Wang Yaping.

C．Zhai Zhigang.

D．Mengtian.

3. The underlined word “EVA” in the third paragraph may refer to _______.

A．the robot service arm at the station	B．two additional modules sent to space
C．the movement of objects and optics	D．activities outside Tianhe module

4. Which of the following is a task of the crew in the space station?

A．Fixing the International Space Station.	B．Taking apart some equipment.
C．Getting ready for expanding the station.	D．Measuring the weight of module.

9 . A Virginia teen is doing his part to make sure frontline health care workers are getting the meals they need to help them take care of themselves and others.

Arul Nigam, 17, of Tyson's Corner, Va. , has had to make several adjustments since his school year ended abruptly in mid-March due to the coronavirus pandemic(新冠疫情）。“We didn't have any classes for like over a month and then after that there were a lot of technical difficulties. So I started to have a lot more free time,” he tells Yahoo Life. “It was really saddening, but it was also something that really surprised me, that our health care workers are facing something like that,” Nigam says. “So I wanted to see what I could do to help them because obviously, they're sacrificing so much and giving so much for all of us. ”

In late March, the teen started fundraising efforts with the help of friends and family to help these health care workers receive much-needed meals. He also began doing research about what hospitals had the most amount of coronavirus cases, so he could prioritize those places first. He was also arranging for the orders to be fulfilled at local family-owned restaurants impacted by shutdown orders. So far, Nigam has delivered over 1,000 meals to 22 hospitals in 13 states, including New York, Massachusetts and Maryland.

Nigam's efforts have not only helped health care workers, but restaurants as well. With quarantine restrictions taking a toll on the food industry, places like Best Coast Burrito in Oakland, Calif. , have lost business over the last few weeks. Best Coast's owner,Alvin Shen, tells Yahoo Life that being able to partner with Arul and others in efforts to feed those on the frontline has been a big help.

1. What would Nigam probably do according to his words?

A．Study at home by himself.

B．Spend the more free time playing.

C．Donate some money to health care workers.

D．Do something helpful for health care workers.

2. What is Nigam's priority when delivering food?

A．The urgency of meals.

B．The severity of the virus.

C．The number of doctors.

D．The position of hospitals.

3. What does the phrase “taking a toll on” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Turning a blind eye to.

B．Keeping an eye on.

C．Causing lots of damage to.

D．Answering completely for.

4. Where can you probably read this text?

A．Science fiction.

B．Fashion magazine.

C．Life magazine.

D．Entertainment newspaper.

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。

As of June, China had about 285 million Internet users living in rural areas,     1     (account) for over 30 percent of the country’s total, according to a recent report on China’s Internet development. The number of rural Internet users in China     2     (grow) by over 30 million in the last few months.

The report said the Internet is playing a     3     (great) role than ever in the country’s poverty(贫困) reduction efforts, with the public’s participation in and recognition of relevant campaigns on the rise. It said as of June,online promotions of     4     (agriculture) products from remote areas had reached more than half of the Chinese Internet users,     5     that more than one third of netizens had bought such products via online platforms.

Meanwhile, the report shows that e-commerce livestreaming(直播) grew     6     (increasing) active in the first half of the year. As of June, the number of e-commerce livestreaming users in China had hit 309 million, up 16.7 percent from March. China saw over 10 million livestreaming marketing activities in the first half of this year, attracting over 50 billion     7     (view), the report noted.

The report said the Internet can contribute significantly     8     China’s anti-poverty goal by providing jobs, social security and medical service information for     9     poor and allowing children in poverty-stricken areas     10     (access) better education.