1. Where does the woman usually watch the 2022 Winter Olympics?
| A．On her cellphone. | B．On TV. | C．On the computer. |
| A．It can be the best in history. |
| B．It’s widely watched in the US. |
| C．It promotes streaming services. |
| A．Figure skating. | B．Freestyle skiing. | C．Ice hockey. |
3 . Nick Verel, a 53-year-old kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohio, should have been near the top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millions of others, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appointment. Nick would sit with computers on his lap trying for hours to book an appointment on different sites, which ended up in vain no matter how concentrated he was. “I felt hopeless,” Nick says.
Then he heard about Zwinggi, a 40-year-old mother of three who was helping to secure appointments for vulnerable individuals like Nick. So he messaged Zwinggi on Facebook: Can you help? Thirty-five minutes later, Zwinggi reported back — Nick successfully had an appointment to get the vaccine.
The underlined words “vulnerable individuals” in paragraph 2 refer to those ______.| A．who are too old to book an appointment | B．who need vaccine badly with serious disease |
| C．who have little experience with computers | D．who have little spare time with many kids |
4 . When you think about it, food is an important part of our lives. Family gatherings center around food and the celebration of major life events and milestones involves food in one way or another. The same holds true for us here on the Space Station. Food is important and ends up usually being a topic of discussion for almost every crew.
......
Our food also comes packaged in many ways. But no matter what the form of the food though, you still have the same problem eating it- - you do not want it flying away from you and making a mess when you open it up. In this case a little bit of extra water is extremely helpful. It keeps the food kind of sticking together and to the package and to your spoon. Small things do escape from time to time, but we really try hard to minimize the random flying food problem. That is enough for now! Next time I will write about how to cook in space.
Where is the text most probably taken from?| A．A food magazine. | B．An astronaut’s journal. |
| C．A sci-fi handbook. | D．A space history website. |
5 . Recently, as a journalist, I have published many stories about social media, privacy and artificial intelligence (AI), among other things. So when ChatGPT told me that my output may have influenced its responses to other people’s prompts (提示), I rushed to wipe my data from its memory. As I quickly discovered, however, there is no delete button. AI-powered chatbots never forget what they have learned, because they are trained on data sets including vast numbers of websites and online articles. As long as they exist on the Internet, they get to be remembered.
That means the likes of ChatGPT are possible to let out sensitive personal information, if it has appeared online, and that the companies behind these AIs will struggle to make good on “right-to-be-forgotten” regulations, which force organizations to remove personal data on request. It also means we are powerless to stop hackers (黑客) controlling AI outputs by planting misinformation or ill instructions in training data. All of these explain why many computer scientists are busy to teach AIs to forget. While they are finding that it is extremely difficult, “machine unlearning” solutions are beginning to appear. And the work could prove vital beyond addressing concerns over privacy and misinformation.
The new generation of AI-powered chatbots like ChatGPT, which produce text in response to our prompts, are underpinned by large language models. These are trained on mountains of data, most of which is scraped from the Internet. From this, they learn to spot statistical patterns, which means they can predict the likeliest next word in a sentence, producing fluent answers to our every question.
The trouble is that the way AI chatbots work means that when they learn something, it can’t be unlearned. This creates a significant problem when it comes to privacy, as Dr. Zhang made clear in recent research. He highlighted how difficult it will be for AI companies to obey the “right to be forgotten”, which the European Union declared a human right back in 2014.
1. Why can chatbots store what it has learned forever?| A．Lack of a delete button. | B．Manual code entry. |
| C．Strong review ability. | D．The way they are trained. |
| A．Because AI has many security risks. | B．Because AI stores limited information. |
| C．Because AI needs to be updated regularly. | D．Because AI imitates humans completely. |
| A．Chatbots can answer 90% of the questions. |
| B．Chatbots’ data comes from the designer’s software. |
| C．Chatbots produce the answers based on the prompts. |
| D．Chatbots can predict your problems in advance. |
| A．Controlled. | B．Adjusted. | C．Boosted. | D．Supported. |
1. What can ChatGPT do?
| A．Write long articles. |
| B．Give proper responses. |
| C．Reply to emails interestingly. |
| A．Your satisfaction is guaranteed by the policy. |
| B．Your refund will be back within 10 days. |
| C．You can get your refund after you’ve used 17, 000 words. |
| A．To criticize ChatGPT. |
| B．To advertise KoalaChat. |
| C．To introduce KoalaChat. |
7 . Researchers in China have developed a robotic chemist powered by AI that might be able to obtain oxygen from water on Mars. The robot uses materials found on the red planet to produce catalysts (催化剂) that break down water, releasing oxygen.
“If you think about the challenge of going to Mars, you have to work with local material,” says Andy Cooper, a chemist at the University of Liverpool. “So I can see the logic behind it.”
The study was led by Jun Jiang at the University of Science and Technology of China Jiang and his team used a mobile machine the size of a refrigerator with a robotic arm to analyse five meteorites (陨石) that had come from Mars. The team’s goal was to investigate whether the machine could produce useful catalysts from the material.
The AI-powered system used some chemicals to dissolve (溶解) and separate the material, then analysed the resulting substances that consists of two or more elements. These then formed the basis of a search of more than 3.7 million formulae (公式) for a chemical that could break down water—known to exist as ice at Mars’ poles and under the planet’s surface-a process the team said would have taken a human researcher 2, 000 years. The result was a catalyst that could release oxygen from water, with the potential for use on a future Mars mission.
If a catalyst that can produce oxygen from water can be made on Mars, this would remove the need for missions to carry such a catalyst from Earth. Jiang says that for every square metre of Martian material, his group’s system could make nearly 60 grams of oxygen per hour, potentially removing the need for astronauts on future missions to the planet to carry oxygen from Earth to use when they get there. “The robot can work continuously for years, ” says Jiang.
Jiang points out that his group’s robotic chemist could also be used to produce other useful catalysts on Mars, for processes like fertilizing (施肥) plants. “Different chemicals can be made by this robot,” he says. And Mars isn’t the only place where it could be used. “Maybe lunar soil is another direction,” Jiang says.
1. What can we learn about the study?| A．A chemist with a robotic arm is involved. |
| B．Researchers aim to purify the water on Mars. |
| C．Oxygen is of vital importance in space travels. |
| D．Materials from Mars are analysed to produce catalysts. |
| A．Approving. | B．Unclear. | C．Dismissive. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Precise calculation. | B．Integration of materials. |
| C．High-speed operation. | D．Flexibility of movement. |
| A．The robot can stand endless working time. |
| B．Martian catalysts can produce more oxygen. |
| C．The system can make 60 grams of oxygen per day. |
| D．The robotic chemist can be applied in a broader way. |
8 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What impact has the coronavirus had on public transport?| A．It has been shut. | B．It is being used less. | C．It has been destroyed. |
| A．25%. | B．39%. | C．300%. |
| A．We should keep positive changes. |
| B．The world can adapt to any change. |
| C．It’s better to look to the past for answers. |
1. Which of the following can people do in the “Gravity Chair”?
| A．Experience spacewalk. | B．Sleep in a special bed. | C．See a rocket take off. |
| A．Visitors must build a rocket themselves. |
| B．Children under nine are forbidden to take part. |
| C．People have to eat freeze-dried food. |
| A．$325. | B．$575. | C．$875. |
| A．Camp activities. | B．Astronauts’ life. | C．Space travel. |
10 . In one horrible film plot, Al eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories. In another, large language models (LLMs) of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know-how to create destructive cyberweapons.
It is time to think hard about these film plots, not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them. The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction is speculative—no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky. Plenty of research needs to be done before standards and rules can be set.
Governments cannot ignore a technology that could change the world deeply. Regulators have been too slow in the past, but there is danger, too, in acting hurriedly. If they go too fast, policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones.
Because of the computing resources and technical skills required, only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful “frontier” models. New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the “handful of companies”, especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book. A focus on extreme risks is likely to make regulators careful of open -source models, which are freely available and can easily be revised.
The best that governments can do now is to set up the basic systems to study the technology and its potential risks, and ensure that those working on the problem have enough resources. As AI develops further, regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against, and consequently what the rule book should look like. A fully mature body could eventually take shape. But creating it will take time and reflection.
1. What does the first paragraph function as?| A．An argument. | B．An explanation. | C．A comment. | D．A lead-in. |
| A．Theoretical. | B．Common. | C．Unique. | D．False. |
| A．Competition in this area is prevented. | B．The development of AI is restricted. |
| C．AI will be applied to a limited degree. | D．The public will be misled about danger. |
| A．AI: a Real Threat? | B．Don’t Rush into Policing AI |
| C．AI: Humans’ Friend or Enemy? | D．Time for Government to Regulate AI |
