1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Yinxu Museum opens in Anyang, Henan province, to display the brilliance of the 3,000-year-old Shang civilization.

Nearly 4,000 unearthed cultural relics are displayed in the museum. More than three quarters of these have never been     1     (public) exhibited before. The 23 vehicles unearthed from Yinxu are the     2     (highlight) in the new galleries. Also on display     3     (be) Shang relics collected from across the rest of present-day China.

The Yinxu Ruins,     4     (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2006, hosted a later period Shang capital city. The site also produced rich findings of 3,300-year-old bones,     5     (reveal) the oldest-known established writing system of Chinese characters,     6     are extraordinary and serve as a vital link in the development of the Chinese nation.

Many key breakthroughs     7     (make) in recent years at the Yinxu site and its surrounding areas. For example,     8     urban road system and the remains of an artificial lake in the royal temple area were found.

These discoveries further displayed a grand picture of a capital city     9     carried forward the project of tracking the origins of the Chinese civilization. Through the exhibits, the public can comprehensively understand the achievements made by the Shang Dynasty in terms     10     politics, economy, agriculture, military affairs, among others.

2 . 阅读下而短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Anyone visiting Tibet and exploring its culture would visit the temples to view the colorful and educational Tibetan Thangka (唐卡) paintings. They are traditionally painted on either cotton or silk, with     1     (loose) woven cotton being the most common. The paintings usually show religious scenes, as indicated by their name, Thangka,     2     (mean) “recorded message” in Tibetan.

The Tibetan Thangka is     3     art form that originated in Nepal and was brought to Tibet later. The Thangka paintings were developed over the centuries from the early murals (壁画) that can be seen in     4     is titled “Library Caves”, such as the Ajanta Caves in India and the Mogao Caves in China.

The Mogao Caves were previously a storage place of many Tibetan paintings on cloth, including the earliest surviving Thangka dated to be from around 780-848 AD     5     the region was under Tibetan rule. Historians note that between the 14th and 15th century, Tibetan paintings     6     (integrate) many elements from the Chinese murals.

The Thangka painting is not a flat creation but consists of a painted picture panel, over which a fabric is mounted, and then over which     7     (lay) a cover, usually silk. It is the nature of     8     (delicate) that makes Thangkas prefer dry places     9     (prevent) the quality of the silk from being affected by wetness. When they are not in use, they remain rolled up, with coverings on the back and front to protect the painting.     10     (keep) in this way helps Thangkas last for a very long time.

3 . Mesopotamia was home to some of the very first cities in existence, leading many to link it to the birth of civilization. The origin of these cities is still unknown today, although many theories exist. One suggestion is that the development and building of temples created a place where people would gather, and thus served as points of contact between different groups of people.

Others believe that people sought sanctuary from natural disasters. As the Mesopotamians were able to develop technology to help them control the nearby rivers, such as levees, they could ensure a good crop. They had no need to be nomadic, and were able to settle in one place comfortably. It is for this reason that all the early cities were built along the two major rivers.

From the moment the Sumerians began to form these cities, it forever altered human history. People went from being ruled by nature, to attempting to control it and make it work for them. By 4,500 BCE the first recorded city rose in the form of Uruk. However, the only urban structure at this point was the temple, which regulated all economic and social matters.

The central purpose of these early cities was to help regulate trade, as southern Mesopotamia was reliable on outside resources. This need encouraged the spread of urbanization. However, communication between the cities was difficult, so each city developed into an individual city-state. This led to territorial disputes and, inevitably, war.

In order to keep their cities protected, the Mesopotamians built fortifications, and walled cities rose. Migration to these cities increased, and more buildings were erected. Cities gradually expanded and rulers were proclaimed, who then began looking outwards for trade and conquest.

1. What does the underlined word “sanctuary” mean?

A．Rescue.

B．Stability.

C．Shelter.

D．Accommodation.

2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The function of early cities.	B．The structure of early cities.
C．The regulation of early cities.	D．The appearance of early cities.

3. What caused cities to become city-states?

A．War and conflicts.	B．Limited interaction.
C．The spread of urbanization.	D．Competition for resources.

4. What is the best title?

A．The birth of city-states.	B．The first cities in the world.
C．The urban expansion in the world.	D．The conquest of nature in Mesopotamia.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Shanghai Museum celebrated the Lunar New Year with new exhibition in February, Longing for Spring: A Celebration of the Year of the Dragon.

The dragon, or long in Chinese, is the only mythical creature among the 12 Chinese zodiac     1    (sign). It has been present in legends for thousands of years, and recognized as a national totem (图腾) and has     2     long-held spiritual importance in Chinese culture.

Dragons can     3     (find) throughout ancient Chinese art. There are many objects bearing the image of the dragon in the Shanghai Museum’s collection, among which the jade Jue dragon     4     (date) back around 7,000 years. It has a large head, with     5     (point) ears and protruding (伸出的) jaws. Jue objects are widely believed to be the earliest images of the dragon, and archaeologists have speculated that the image could     6     (original) have been based on a pig, bear or even a silkworm. Another one is a flat vase from the reign of Emperor Qianlong. It is a blue-and-white vase     7     two handles, and depicts a red dragon in clouds     8     four feet spread as if it is dancing, looking especially lively.

This is the sixth time that the museum has presented a Lunar New Year exhibition,     9     (feature) zodiac animals. They hope that visitors will find the various     10     (represent) of the dragon in Chinese culture imperial and solemn (庄严), as well as vivid, attractive and lovable.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A type of glazed pottery(釉陶)with the main colours of yellow, green and white was very popular in the Tang dynasty. It was later called tri-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty, or Tangsancai.

Tri-coloured glazed pottery was usually used as burial    1    (object). Those human and animal figures have smooth     2     graceful(优雅的)lines. The soldier figures have strong muscles and carry swords or arrows. The human figures stand quietly,     3    (look)natural and elegant. The animal figures are mainly of horses and camels.

Tri-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty was mostly produced in Xi’an, Luoyang and Yangzhou,     4     were important cities along the Silk Road. Camels were the major form of transport     5     the ancient trade route during the Tang dynasty. Seeing these glazed pottery artworks, we can imagine the travellers and camels making their hard journey across the desert, depending on one another for     6    (survive).

Tang people were open-minded     7    (accept)different cultures from all over the world. Foreign traders, officials, and artists travelled thousands of miles along the Silk Road to visit the Tang’s capital city Chang’an. The evidence of cultural integration can     8    (find)in tri-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty.

Tri-coloured glazed pottery is the     9    (high)point of Tang pottery and it developed     10    (successful)during the dynasty’s early and middle period.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

Wing Chun is a southern Chinese kung fu style descends from Shaolin Kung Fu. It has the distinction of having been founded by two women, Ng Mui and Yim Wing-chun.

The Wing Chun style is known for placing     1     (emphasize) on technique rather than strength. This style also calls for practitioners to stay relaxed while     2    (fight), allowing them to achieve a kind of softness or flexibility. This relaxed flexibility gives Wing Chun fighter     3     special kind of strength that allows them to bend, not break, just like bamboo.   

Legend has it that Wing Chun founder Ng Mui was living at Shaolin Temple     4     it was attacked and destroyed by Qing dynasty forcers. Surviving the attack, she escaped     5     the border area between Yunnan and Sichuan. There she met a young woman     6     (name)Yim Wing-chun, who     7     (final) became one of her top students. She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, known as Wing Chun now. This new martial art     8     (spread) and grown into different branches over the past two hundred years.

Ip Man, featured in the eponymous (同名的) hit films,     9    (be) a notable practitioner of Wing Chun style martial arts. He also taught the Wing Chun style to his student, Bruce Lee, who would go on to act in the beloved Hong Kong kung fu movies     10     helped make Chinese martial arts famous around the world.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Once celebrated as “the sport of kings”, polo (马球), a unique sport with ancient roots,     1     (play) on horseback with a ball. Its exact origins remain uncertain,     2     one early version of this sport emerged in ancient Persia (modern Iran) around the 6th century BC.

Different cultures developed similar games and, over time, polo evolved     3     the sport we know today. It also has a deep historical connection with ancient China, as     4     (show) through the discovery of numerous artifacts, including murals (壁画), stone carvings, mirrors and paintings.

During the 1930s, the modern version of the sport enjoyed a period of     5     (popular) , with polo grounds established in cities with foreign populations like Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Qingdao.

Polo’s noble and warrior-like characteristics have won it many     6     (passion) players, and among them is Jackie Wang. She and her family     7     (spend) the past three years researching and writing Polo in China, a book that documents the lengthy history of the sport in China.

Published by the Cultural Relics Press, the book gives a detailed introduction to polo in China, with photos of artifacts and events, and an engaging storyline     8     brings the sport to life.

As     9     combination of historical reference and artistic representation, the book serves both as an academic work and a general interest publication,     10     (contribute) to the study of polo in China while sharing the sport’s charm through its design and presentation.

8 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,

The site of Changgan ancient city, unearthed in Xijie site of east China’s Nanjing City, has been confirmed to date back to 3, 100 years ago,     1    (extend) Nanjing’s history by more than 600 years, Nanjing institute of archaeology said.

The site of the ancient city, named “Changgan”, the     2    (early) known name of the city of Nanjing, features relics of a platform, ring ditches, walls, doorways and sacrificial pits.

During the excavations that began in 2017, archaeologists     3    (unearth) four ring ditches from the Shang and Zhou dynasties (1600 BC-256 BC), containing collapsed rammed-earth walls, said Chen Dahai,     4     archaeologist with the institute, who was responsible for the excavation.

“We also found more evidence supporting our     5    (conclude), including a well on the side of the ditch     6     was originally constructed during the late Shang Dynasty and the unearthed pottery     7    (decorate) with triangular and ladder patterns, ”Chen added.

According to carbon-14 dating data, it is identified that the various artifacts date back to the period ranging from the late Shang Dynasty     8     the early Zhou Dynasty.

Up to now, the excavation area at the Xijie site has reached     9    (approximate) 12, 000 square meters, with more than 500 relics of various types     10     over 10, 000 specimens (样本) of archaeological importance unearthed.

9 . The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre has recently “rediscovered” an ancient shark skeleton that has been sitting in the museum’s collection for nearly 50 years. Could this shark be a part of a newly discovered ancient shark species?

This fossil’s original discovery was in 1975 on a farm just west of Morden, Manitoba. The skeleton was brought into the museum and was forgotten within the ever-growing fossil collection. The skeleton was hidden in the collections room for over 40 years and the center just recently found the fossil in its storage around eight years ago.

Adolfo Cuertara, the director of the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre, explained that “It’s a very special shark for many reasons. It’s highly possible that we are talking about a new species.” Although the shark has not been given a scientific name yet, the museum has unofficially named the skeleton, “Dave”, in honor of the farmer on whose land the skeleton was found.

After the fossil rediscovery, Dave was exhibited at the fossil center museum. Dave is around 15 feet long and is one of the largest well-preserved shark skeletons in the entire world. Within the paleontology (古生物学) world, complete shark fossils are extremely rare due to their soft cartilage (软骨结构) which disintegrates as they age. Dave’s shark species are filter feeders with no teeth, who receive their nutrition by absorbing it out of the water. Cuertara emphasizes Dave’s uniqueness by explaining, “The shape of the jaws and the skull and the kind of structures that it has, because the preservation is really amazing, is telling us that it is probably going to be a new species. The problem is now we need scientific papers and scientific research and this paper is underway.”

The Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre is hopeful that more scientific research will provide more information on Dave’s ancient shark species. For now, Dave is currently on display at the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre and the museum has the exhibit up to date with their current information.

1. Where probably could you find this article?

A．Science textbook of college.

B．Advertising brochure of museum.

C．Discovery column of magazine.

D．Bulletin board of animal world.

2. What does the underlined word “disintegrates” mean in the fourth paragraph?

A．Die away.

B．Break down.

C．Build up.

D．Lie down.

3. What evidence made scientists believe Dave is a new shark species?

A．The structure of skull and jaw.

B．The preservation of jaw and the skull.

C．The uniqueness of no teeth structure.

D．The rare soft cartilage.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre displays Dave ancient shark species.

B．Dave’s shark species is a new species of ancient shark.

C．Canadian Museum rediscovers a new ancient shark species.

D．Dave’s shark skeleton is in honor of the farmer who rediscovered it.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Gansu Jiandu (简牍) Museum in northwest China’s Gansu Province on Sunday launched four online exhibitions related to the ancient Jiandu culture.

“Jiandu” refers to the bamboo and wooden slips on which ancient Chinese people wrote     1     (use) ink and brushes before the invention of paper. Since 1907, over 80,000 slips     2     (unearth), in Gansu province,     3     is particularly abundant in bamboo and wooden slips, contributing to our understanding of ancient Chinese culture and knowledge. These artifacts hold significant historical, scientific, and     4     (art) value.

Additionally, the exhibitions feature high-resolution     5     (image) of the museum’s cultural artifacts, accompanied by detailed text and voice explanations     6     (help) audiences gain a deeper understanding of the items     7     display, said Xu Rui, the museum’s deputy curator. The digital exhibitions also include interactive experiences such as riddle challenges and Jiandu-making games, aiming to attract young visitors, Xu said.

Distinguished as China’s only provincial-level museum focusing on bamboo and wooden slips, the Gansu Jiandu Museum boasts     8    collection of nearly 40,000 such slips     9     (date) back to the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.) and Western Jin Dynasty (265-317). In addition, it     10     (house) more than 10,000 other artifacts, including paper, textiles, woodenware, lacquerware (漆器) and ironware.