1. How many factors of car accidents are mentioned?
| A．2. | B．3. | C．4. |
| A．Improved highway design. |
| B．Stricter traffic management. |
| C．Strengthened training for drivers. |
| A．Poor traffic control. | B．Some driver-less cars. | C．Drivers’ carelessness. |
1. How does the woman feel now?
| A．Shocked. | B．Afraid. | C．Angry. |
| A．A doctor. | B．A policeman. | C．The woman’s friend. |
| A．A locker. | B．A letter. | C．Some money. |
1. Where does this dialogue take place?
| A．In the street. | B．At the woman’s house. | C．In the police station. |
| A．She shouted loudly. | B．She ran after him. | C．She called the police. |
4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Domestic brands attract young consumers
Shu Qiuhong runs a store selling hanfu — the traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group — in Jinan, Shandong province.
Shu, a native of Southwest China’s Guizhou province, has a deep affection for traditional Chinese clothes
Over the past few years, China
In China, there around 260 million people born between 1995 and 2009,
Beijing’s Palace Museum has been at the forefront of the nationwide guochao trend, with lipsticks and blushes (胭脂) engraved with traditional Chinese patterns being the bestsellers all the year around. These products have proven very popular
5 . Shrinkflation has made British shoppers unhappy. For years, producers have quietly shrunk product sizes rather than rise prices. A multipack(合装包)of Fazzles, used to cost £1 ($1.36) and contain eight bags. Now it contains six. Cadbury’s Creme Eggs used to come by the half-dozen; now they come in fives. Quality Street, a chocolate box, weighed 1.2kg in 2009; today, just 650g.
The logic of Shrinkflation is that consumers are less likely to notice it than its alternative: higher prices. For years, the government has worked on the same principle. Taxpayers paid roughly the same, but government services became worse. Now an era of price increases in the form of tax rises has begun. In a nasty combination of inflation and shrinkflation, voters will be expected to pay more for less.
It will be an awkward shift. Since coming to power in 2010, the Conservatives (保守党) have used shrinkflation just as retailers do. In the early austerity (财政紧缩) years, the government shrank (收缩，减少), but its cost did not. As a percentage of GDP, it fell from a peak after the financial crisis of 46% of GDP to 39%. Taxes stayed around their historic norm of about 32% of GDP. But citizens received fewer services.
And, as when shoppers fail to notice the missing packet of Frazzles, voters did not care much at first. Weekly bin collections became fortnightly or monthly. Once-generous legal aid became mean; in-work benefits fell; police solved fewer crimes. But eventually voters and shoppers start to feel confused. Was a box of Quality Street always so small? Were the police always so used to fraud (诈骗)? Moreover, shrinkflation cannot continue forever. Just as people will not buy an empty packet of Frazzles, taxpayers will not pay for government services that are not provided at all. Eventually prices must rise — as the Conservatives are discovering. By 2026 the tax burden will be 36% of GDP, the highest since the post-war era, under Clement Atlee. This will cause several problems such as one of expectations. Atlee’s government promised a new Jerusalem (耶路撒冷): voters accepted higher taxes in return for a welfare(福利)state. Similarly, when New Labour governments raised taxes in the 2000s, they provided more in return. They increased national insurance, in order to bring heath care spending in line with other European countries. Schools were rebuilt and repaired; civic art, though sometimes of questionable quality, appeared in town squares.
Unfortunately, this time higher spending will at best stop things getting worse. Sajid Javi, the health secretary, admits that the health-and social-care systems will struggle even after a 2.5 percentage-point rise in national insurance,
“Is that all we get for £12bn” asked the Daily Mail, a newspaper that lends to see eye-to-eye with the Conservatives, when the plan to cut hospital waiting-lists was announced. British voters are often said to want American taxes and a European welfare government. Instead, they face paying European taxes for services as insufficient as those in American.
1. Shrinkflation refers to the process of items ______.| A．shrinking in size or quantity while their prices remain the same |
| B．shrinking in size or quantity while their prices become higher |
| C．expanding in sire or quantity while their prices remain the same |
| D．expanding in size or quantity while their prices become lower |
| A．Consumers will pay higher taxes for government services. |
| B．Consumers are more sensitive to price increases in products. |
| C．Consumers can hardly notice the changes in government services. |
| D．Consumers are unwilling to pay for government services. |
| A．Critical. | B．Unconcerned. | C．Supportive. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Both inflation and shrinkflation exist in Britain. |
| B．The Americans pay high taxes for poor services. |
| C．The British government will be costlier with fewer services. |
| D．The Daily Mail is in favor of the current economic policy. |
6 . Downey, a professor of sociology at The Ohio State University, had an argument with his son, Nick. “I explained to him how bad his generation’s social skills were because they spent so much time on screens,” Downey said. “Nick asked me how I knew that. And when I checked, there really wasn’t any solid evidence. It then occurred to me that something is needed.”
Downey, with his colleague, started to investigate before long. They used data from early childhood studies. They compared how teachers and parents rated social skills of children who started kindergarten in 1998 with data on those who started school in 2010, when the first iPad appeared. Downey was surprised to find despite the time spent on smartphones and social media, young people today are as socially skilled as those from the previous generation.
Results showed both groups of kids were rated similarly on interpersonal skills, such as the ability to form and maintain friendships and get along with different people. They were also rated similarly on self-control, such as the ability to control their temper (脾气). In fact, the evaluations of children’s interpersonal skills and self-control tended to be slightly higher for those in the 2010 group than those in the 1998 group. The results showed that even the children with the most screen exposure in both groups experienced similar development in social skills compared to those with less screen exposure. There was one exception: The skills were a bit lower for children who accessed online gaming and social networking sites many times a day. “But even that was a pretty small effect,” Downey said. In general, there was little evidence that screen time damages most children’s social skills.
There is a tendency for every generation at my age to worry about the younger generation. It is an old story. Now we know we really shouldn’t have been so,” said Maggie, one of the parents providing evaluation. Fears for screen-based technology represent recent panic in response to technological change. If anything, new generations are learning that having good social relationships means being able to communicate successfully both face-to-face and online, Downey said.
1. Why is Downey’s argument with his son mentioned?| A．To attract reader’s attention to kids’ social skills. |
| B．To explain the reason for Downey’s study. |
| C．To show the impact of screen time on children. |
| D．To introduce tension between parents and children. |
| A．They were bad news for new generations. |
| B．They were uncommon in the field of sociology. |
| C．They were different from his assumption. |
| D．They were opposite to findings of previous studies. |
| A．They were addicted to online games. |
| B．Their social skills were barely impacted. |
| C．They were more likely to lose their temper. |
| D．Their interpersonal relationship was damaged. |
| A．Worried. | B．Doubtful. | C．Disappointed. | D．Relieved. |
1. 写信缘由；
2. 帮助老年人跨越“数字化”鸿沟的建议（至少两条）
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：健康码 health code 数字鸿沟 digital divide
Dear editor,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
8 . Being in college, coupled with being immersed (沉浸的) in social media means students are constantly surrounded by peers and their profiles (个人资料). “I am so pleased to announce that I have received an internship (实习工作).” If I opened my LinkedIn（a social network for job seekers, professionals and business）right now, the probability of me seeing posts of this kind is 100 percent.
I know the idea of comparison via social media has been studied and discussed a lot, but what we don’t put enough emphasis on is the physical and personal impact it can have on students. When students look at achievements and positions held by their peers, it is easy to feel as though they are not doing enough. When we go to career fairs and stand in lines for hours to not receive an interview, it is easy to feel as though there isn’t a bright future ahead. When we study in the library to improve our GPA (Grade Point Average) so as to get a job, it is easy to feel as though we have no fun.
It is easy to feel this way when we are immersed in what we think our peers’ lives and achievements look like. It can be easy to assume that the girl, who is doing two jobs, is a leader in three clubs, is taking 22 credit s and has an awesome internship lined up for the summer, is so happy and it’s going to be successful. However, what we don’t see are the three hours of sleep she gets each night or the lack of nutrition in her meals or that she is unable to keep up with her social relationships.
“One of the people we judge the most is ourselves. When we compare, we build on that judgment we make on ourselves in a negative way,” says Teri Pipe, Arizona State University’s chief well-being officer. This is not to say that it is impossible to do all those things, but it also important to know yourself and what you value when deciding what you want to do. “We should come back to the balancing point to understand that each of us has something important to do and serve in the world, which is as unique as your fingerprint,” says Pipe. By removing yourself from other people’s lives and things that have happened in the past or could happen in the future, you can allow yourself to be fully immersed in the present to enjoy and cherish what you’re doing.
The mental impacts of stress can also lead to physical pain. “When you are comparing yourself to someone, you start questioning yourself, and so you either make some changes blindly or feel defeated, and stop doing critical thinking,” says Jamie Valderrama. She is a lecturer in the university’s Schools of Social Work, which is one of the largest and most diverse social work program s in the US. “You might start feeling happiness in your heart, or your breathing and heart rate might accelerate. By paying attention to the body, you can take a step back and take preventive measures to make sure you calm the reaction down to handle the issue quickly in a positive way.”
1. What do we know about the profiles the author often sees on LinkedIn?| A．They often contain false information. |
| B．They completely show the positive side. |
| C．They focus on one’s working experience. |
| D．They usually show a person’s uniqueness. |
| A．Their peers’ relaxed life. |
| B．Their peers’ high GPAs. |
| C．Their peers’ good luck. |
| D．Their peers’ success. |
| A．How your peers are misunderstood in general. |
| B．The price of looking perfect on social media. |
| C．What the average girl on social media is like. |
| D．The reasons why one can become successful. |
| A．They could be negative. | B．They are rather ordinary. |
| C．They could discourage us. | D．They tend to be unrealistic |
9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Late last night 38-year-old David Klein was sent to prison for cybercrime. Over the course of a few months, Klein
One of the victims was 15-year-old Todd Jones of Washington, DC. In a chat room, Todd started talking to someone
Then Josh started telling Todd about his family. He said that his father had lost his job and his grandmother was very ill and there was no money pay
Two weeks later, Josh asked Todd for $100 to help pay for a new bicycle. Josh said that he really needed it to go to school. Again, Todd sent the money. Over the next month, Josh asked Todd for money five times, for
Todd
Todd was not the only victim. Klein had made friends with more than 20 junior high and senior high school students in different chat rooms,
10 . I strongly believe that it is rather important to be a good listener. And although I have become a better listener than I was ten years ago, I have to admit I’m still only an
Effective listening is more than simply
Slowing down your responses and becoming a better listener
| A．active | B．adequate | C．accurate | D．amazing |
| A．developing | B．offending | C．avoiding | D．escaping |
| A．moderate | B．resistant | C．comfortable | D．objective |
| A．rather than | B．apart from | C．other than | D．in spite of |
| A．game | B．race | C．trade | D．burden |
| A．limit | B．control | C．drain | D．gap |
| A．Instead | B．However | C．Therefore | D．Meanwhile |
| A．allows | B．aids | C．forbids | D．enables |
| A．pleasure | B．patience | C．instinct | D．pressure |
| A．interrupt | B．suggest | C．guess | D．ensure |
| A．show up | B．pick out | C．break into | D．fire back |
| A．effectively | B．attentively | C．honestly | D．eagerly |
| A．relaxed | B．excluded | C．convinced | D．impressed |
| A．touch | B．accordance | C．competition | D．communication |
| A．determine | B．enhance | C．describe | D．decorate |
