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Waste on Campus
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2 . Over the past few years, electric scooters have been brought to Paris and dozens of other c ties worldwide as an environmentally-friendly individual transport option. What cities have gotten instead is chaos-scooters shooting down sidewalks at dangerous speeds or laying abandoned on sidewalks. Both riders and pedestrians have been injured and sometimes killed.
The people of Paris have spoken loud and clear: get electric scooters off of our streets. Among the 100,000 people, nearly 90% of them vote in favor of s scooter ban. It’s easy to see why.
When it comes to scooters, there are often not many rules regulating them, and enforcement(执行) is far from per feet In Paris, for example, the city technically banned multiple riders on a single scooter and scooter son sidewalks, but it is not unusual in Paris to see couples on a single scooter, flying down a city sidewalk. In New York City, there is a scooter speed limit. But it’s pretty rare to see a New York City policeman doling out a ticket to a scooter rider. Other cities require scooter riders to obey standard traffic laws, but these regulations are often overlooked.
Another problem with scooters is that there is no obvious spot for them within urban infrastructure. They go far too fast to be safe on the sidewalk, which may bring potential risks to pedestrians. But scooters are also inappropriate for the bike lane—they don’t move like bikes, which makes them difficult to see and navigate around and can be dangerous for scooter drivers and cyclists. Scooters also aren’t suitable for the road, Scooters don’t go fast enough to share space with cars; and their riders are not protected against vehicles going 30 miles per hour or more.
In cities where public transport is solid and pedestrians fill the sidewalks, scooters should see themselves out or be regulated out. And in other cities where cars dominate and public transport is lacking, the priority should be to build new infrastructure to move people around efficiently and greenly.
1. What can we learn about electric scooters?| A．They are costly and noisy. | B．They are eco-friendly but risky. |
| C．They are deadly and abandoned. | D．They are convenient but inefficient. |
| A．Rarely do New Yorkers ride scooters on the street. |
| B．The larger the city is, the stricter the regulations are. |
| C．Relevant regulations have not been strictly enforced. |
| D．Parisians are more obedient to traffic regulations. |
| A．Scooters run at a low speed. |
| B．Scooters pose potential risks. |
| C．There is no navigation system on scooters. |
| D．There is no lane specially designed for scooters. |
| A．To define. | B．To advise. | C．To warn. | D．To compare. |
3 . My son’s seventh birthday is approaching, so conversation at my house has naturally turned to organizing his party.
For his sixth birthday, we booked the local trampoline(蹦床) park. This worked out well. But the whole event cost us hundreds of pounds. This year, I’m trying to convince him that the dinosaur-themed park down the road offers just as much fun—and you don’t even need to wear special socks! This will be cheaper, because we aren’t required to hire a space—we can simply buy tickets for his mates.
But I still keep pondering over one thing—party bags. Why should a bunch of seven-year-olds, who have already been treated to a day out and a mountain of sugar, also be handed a bag full of pound-shop gifts for simply bothering to show up?
Party bags are an environmental disaster. I reckon my son attends 20 parties per year, and at each party there are 20 kids in attendance, which means 400 plastic bags in total. Within these 400 bags are perhaps 800 plastic toys, almost all of which fall apart on the journey home and then get binned instantly. The waste is shocking, and I don’t want to be part of it.
I know there are some party bag alternatives: one couple I know covered a table with Mr. Men books and got the kids to choose one each. At another party, I saw the hosts fill a bucket with soft toys and crumpled newspaper, and do a lucky dip (抽奖). Admirable efforts.
Even if that is a nice try, and even if the contents in the party bags don’t fall apart, so what? Will our guests think more highly of our child because of the party bags from our party? Will my child’s ability to make and keep friends be improved?
Well, the tradition for kid’s party bags ends with me, and it ends here, and it ends now. Who’s with me?
1. Why does the author recommend the dinosaur-themed park?| A．Because it’s more enjoyable. | B．Because it provides socks. |
| C．Because it can reduce cost. | D．Because it offers free tickets. |
| A．Gifts brought by guests. | B．Gifts prepared by hosts. |
| C．Gifts distributed by parks. | D．Gift a donated by charities. |
| A．Intolerant. | B．Objective. | C．Favorable. | D．In different. |
| A．Be recycled. | B．Be repaired. | C．Be thrown away. | D．Be given away. |
4 . Maggie Perkins had been working as a teacher in Georgia for nearly five years before she decided to “quietly quit” her job. The decision didn’t mean leaving her position, but rather limiting her work to her contract(合同) hours, nothing more and nothing less.
Perkins joins a larger online community of workers who have been sharing their experiences on TikTok. But as “quiet quitters” defend their choice to take a step back from work, company managers and workplace experts argue that although doing less might feel good in the short term, it could harm their career and their company in the long run.
In the wake of the global pandemic and the following Great Resignation, employees began to reimagine what work could look like. Gallup’s State of the Global Workplace report in June found job dissatisfaction being at an all-time high. Disengaged(工作不投入的) workers cost the global economy about $7.8 trillion in lost productivity.
But with worries of an economic slowdown, and falling worker productivity, Johnny C. Taylor Jr., president and CEO of the Society for Human Resource Management, warns that anyone who tells their business leader they are a quiet quitter is likely not to have a job for very long. He says companies have become sensitive to worker burnout, especially for employees who are working from home.
Gergo Vari, CEO of the job board Lensa, suggests another choice for quiet quitting: “loudly persisting(坚持)” . That is, allowing employees to speak up about how their organization can serve their goals. “When you loudly persist, you have a sense of belonging and have a share in where the company is going,” he says.
Career coach Allison Peck says she views “quiet quitting” as a sign of employees not connecting to their work or managers. Her career advice for quiet quitters is to take even braver action. “Finding a new job, manager, team, or company that better fits you can improve your attitude towards work,” she says.
1. What will “quiet quitters” do in real life?| A．They quit their jobs. | B．They work part-time. |
| C．They hate their jobs. | D．They refuse extra work. |
| A．A global economic loss. | B．Less competition at work. |
| C．Conflicts between colleagues. | D．A shortage of labor on the market. |
| A．Those working at home. | B．Those taking several jobs. |
| C．Those just returning to offices. | D．Those sticking to their duties. |
| A．Find a more suitable job. | B．Improve their work efficiency. |
| C．Get along with their colleagues. | D．Speak up about their demand for the company. |
5 . The US tech giant Microsoft Corp and the leadership consulting firm DDI worked together on a new project on Thursday, with the goal of helping more than 1 million women in China improve their digital skills and embrace the digital future.
The Women Digital Future project came as reports show that women have been more negatively impacted by the COVID-19 than men, and an improvement in digital skills is expected to help them better deal with the bad results from it.
Microsoft said it will partner with a number of companies and organizations to help women in multiple ways, as COVID-19 has accelerated digital transformation worldwide and women are faced with more challenges in both life and work.
Alain Crozier, chairman and CEO of Microsoft Greater China, said, “Microsoft has always placed a high value on the development of our female employees and strongly promoting the power of women to drive the world forward.”
Mindy Yeh, managing director of Greater China, said the company’s global survey shows that there are nearly double the number of female leaders at the top 20 percent of well-performing companies than in the bottom 20 percent. Moreover, they have clear advantages in terms of teamwork and interaction.
Cecilia Qi, general manager of GSK China, said, “Digital transformation is both an opportunity and a challenge for women. This is especially the case in the new era, which requires companies to provide women with more support to help them achieve better work-life balance and continue to gain success as they continue forward in their career. Success belongs to everyone, and I believe that, in the future, society will be more supportive of women and provide them with more equal career opportunities.”
1. What is the main purpose of the new project?| A．To help women fight against COVID-19. |
| B．To reduce the bad impacts from COVID-19 on women. |
| C．To help women better prepare for the digital future. |
| D．To promote the products of Microsoft Corp. |
| A．speeded up | B．lived up to | C．influenced | D．prevented |
| A．Women are more popular in good companies. | B．Women receive more support from society. |
| C．Women leaders have more advantages over men. | D．Women leaders perform better in some fields. |
| A．Women have no chance to succeed in the digital age. |
| B．Women are treated unfairly in pursuing a successful career. |
| C．Women need support to achieve a balance between work and life. |
| D．The world is too complex for women to achieve their dreams. |
6 . Those who don’t live in cities often complain about or feel surprised at the fact that strangers don’t talk to each other in urban public places. They feel sorry about the way we seem to increasingly get lost in mobile devices, seemingly oblivious to what’s going on around us. But sociologists recognize that the space we give each other in the urban places serves an important social function.
Well-known sociologist Erving Goffman developed the concept of “civil inattention” in his book Behavior in Public Places. Far from ignoring those around us, Goffman proved through years of studying people in public that what we’re actually doing is pretending to be unaware of what others are doing around us, therefore providing them a sense of privacy, as they do the same for us. Goffman proved in his research that civil inattention typically involves at first a mirror form of social interaction, like very brief eye contact, the exchange of head nods, or weak smiles. Following that, both parties then typically shin their eyes from the other party.
Goffman theorized that what we achieve, socially speaking, with this kind of interaction, is mutual (相互的) recognition that the other present causes no threat to our security, and we both agree, tacitly (默契地), to let the other alone to do as they please. When we provide civil inattention to others, we effectively approve their behavior. Sometimes, we use civil inattention to save face when we’ve done something we feel embarrassed by, or to help manage the embarrassment that another might feel if we witness them trip, or drop something.
Civil inattention is thus not a problem, but an important part of maintaining social order in public. For this reason, problems arise when this norm (规范) is broken. Because we expect it from others and see it as normal behavior, we may feel threatened by someone who doesn’t give it to us. This is why women feel threatened by those who catcall (发嘘声)to them, and why for some men, simply being stared at by another is enough to cause a physical fight.
1. How does the author begin this text?| A．By giving people a warning. |
| B．By giving some people’s feelings. |
| C．By explaining a way of socializing. |
| D．By giving a problem with technology. |
| A．curious about |
| B．unsure about |
| C．tired of |
| D．unaware of |
| A．We are ignoring him on a rude basis. |
| B．We are showing our respect for others’ privacy. |
| C．We are protecting ourselves from physical attacks. |
| D．We are worrying that we could lose belongings. |
| A．Civil inattention has positive effects on social interaction. |
| B．Civil inattention helps save face when we’ve done something wrong. |
| C．Civil inattention is unlinked to social interaction according to Goffman. |
| D．Civil inattention is a type of normal behavior which we may feel threatened. |
7 . Population：Is 8 billion people too many?
The world’s population has reached 8 billion people.
For now, we can both acknowledge the downsides of the 8 billionth human and believe this is an occasion worth celebrating.
| A．We’ve reached this milestone |
| B．Actually, some population alarmism is appropriate |
| C．The end of population expansion is now foreseeable |
| D．The truth is that the population in developed nations has remained stable |
| E．With any luck, the massive challenge of global aging will spur innovation |
| F．The increasing global population will put more pressure on resources and produce far more emissions |
| G．In contrast, various experts have been put forward “nightmare consequences” about overpopulation since 1960s |
8 . It is reported that 90 million people in China suffer from depression, with around 90% not getting any effective treatment. Other research further suggests that mental disorders have generally become more common across China in the last 30 years.
China’s resources for dealing with mental health have not always been at the same level as other countries. A 2020 WHO report showed that there were only 1.7 psychiatrists per 100,000 people, compared with 15 per 100,000 in the European countries.
In the past, mental health support was largely focused on specific groups such as “left-behind children”. However, many now recognize the need to make support more widely available.
One issue that has helped bring mental health into the spotlight on a national scale is that of “996” work culture. The term refers to jobs in which employees are required to work six days per week from 9 a.m. until 9 p.m. With the 996-work culture, more and more people are starting to realize that actually, mental health can affect a whole number of people. As we all know, long hours of overtime may cause many health problems, even leading to sudden death.
Our government is indeed designing policies to deal more effectively with mental health challenges. The country’s National Health Commission plans to introduce screening (筛查) for vulnerable groups and require medical institutions as well as universities, colleges and high schools to re evaluate mental health policies. The government plans to set up mental health outpatient services in 40% of the general hospitals in pilot areas by the end of 2022, a move catalyzed by the pandemic.
Whether said policies will be effectively implemented remains to be seen. However, what is clear is that mental health is now very much taken seriously across China.
1. What do we know from the first two paragraphs?| A．China’s medical level is quite backward. |
| B．Mental health problems are getting more serious. |
| C．China has the largest population with depression. |
| D．Many people with depression refuse to be treated. |
| A．Doctors. | B．Professors. |
| C．Researchers. | D．Patients. |
| A．It is well received by employees. | B．It severely affects people’s health. |
| C．It can make people work even harder. | D．It does harm to “left-behind children”. |
| A．Cooperating with medical institutions. | B．Establishing more voluntary organizations. |
| C．Setting up outpatient services in pilot areas. | D．Designing policies to deal with the challenges. |
9 . Over the years, there has been a rising trend in the popularity of volunteer vacations and a rapid increase in the number of people interested in volunteering while traveling. Here are a few established organizations for you to choose.
The United Nations Volunteers (UNV) program is a United Nations organization that contributes to peace and development through volunteerism worldwide. Based in Bonn, Germany, UNV is active in around 130 countries every year. Anyone who is concerned about world peace and development is welcome.
Contact online: https://www.onlinevolunteering.org/en/ opportunities
Volunteers In Asia (VIA) is an independent, non-profit organization aimed to increase understanding between the US and Asia. Based in San Francisco, VIA provides two kinds of programs. VIA’s Asia Programs offer Americans the chance to live and volunteer in Asia. while VIA’s Programs enable East Asian university students to participate in programs in the US.
Contact online: https://viaprograms.org/contact/
Meals on Wheels originated in the UK. It’s a program that delivers meals to individuals at home who are unable to purchase or prepare their own meals. This type of service requires many volunteers with a good knowledge of basic cooking to prepare the meals.
Contact online: https://www.mealsonwheelssa.org.au/
Big Brothers Big Sisters offers a range of mentoring programs (指导计划) to meet the needs of Canadian children and families. In the traditional one-to-one mentoring programs, one youth and one adult mentor meet twice a month for at least one year. Big Brothers Big Sisters also operates group mentoring programs for teenagers and clubs for newcomer Canadian youth. Volunteers are in demand all the year around.
Contact online: https://bigbrothersbigsisters.ca/
1. Which might one choose to promote the understanding between the US and Asia?| A．The United Nations Volunteers. | B．Volunteers in Asia. |
| C．Meals on Wheels. | D．Big Brothers Big Sisters. |
| A．One youth and one mentor meet at least once a month. |
| B．It operates clubs for children from local communities. |
| C．It works with schools to operate group mentoring programs. |
| D．Volunteers can register at any time of the year. |
| A．A college student in the gap year. | B．A traveler on a one-week tour. |
| C．A government official working in the UN. | D．A newcomer to Canada to make money. |
As the late afternoon sun beat down on his farm, Brandon finished feeding his cows, his two sons, Louie, 6, and Everett, 3, tagging along.
As they headed for the house, the two boys ran ahead of their father. Louie paused at a water spigot (水龙头) above an old well to relieve his thirst. Unluckily, the board covering the well failed to support his weight and Louie fell into the well. Brandon had just closed the gate when he turned around and saw only his younger son.
“Where’s Louie?” he shouted. "He fell in the hole!" Everett said.
Brandon, 37, quickly realized what had happened. Noooo! he thought. Louie can barely swim!
Instinctively, he jumped in. As he fell some 70 feet down the 24-inch-wide brick-lined well, Brandon heard Louie screaming. A moment later, Brandon hit the freezing water at the bottom of the well. He popped his head out of the water and grabbed Louie, who was panicked. Brandon lifted his son onto his chest as he tried to stay afloat in the water that was too deep for either of them to stand. Looking around, Brandon quickly realized there was only one way out. Looking up to see Everett peering down at them from the top of the well, Brandon shouted, “Everett, you’re going to have to be a big boy and save us. Run to the road and stand by the mailbox until someone stops. Tell them we need help.”
Everett did as he was told.
Five minutes. Ten minutes. Minutes passed like hours as Brandon, holding his shivering (颤抖的) son, continued to arch his back and brace his shoulders and legs against the well’s brick walls. Finally, Everett's face appeared above the well.
“Everett, did you get some help?”
“No.”
Brandon’s heart sank. “That’s OK, honey. But you have to go back out to the road and get someone to stop. OK, Everett?”
“OK, Daddy.”
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Fifteen minutes later, the boy noticed two farmers driving by.
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Fortunately, they were both fine except for some scratches.
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