1 . We are encountering real-world examples of how AI can harm human relations. As digital assistants such as Alexa or Siri become popular, we become accustomed to talking to them as though they were alive. Writing in these pages several years ago, Judith Shulevitz described how some of us are starting to treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she confesses (忏悔) things to Google Assistant that she wouldn’t tell her husband. If we grow more comfortable talking to our devices about our secrets, what happens to our human marriages and friendships? Designers and programmers typically create devices whose responses make us feel better—but may not help us be self-reflective or think over painful truths. As Al goes deeper into our lives, we must face the possibility that it will prevent our emotions and deep human connects.

Besides, we will fight with some other challenges. The age of driverless cars, after all, is upon us. These vehicles promise to considerably reduce the exhaustion and distraction that put human drivers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what other effects might they have on people? Driving is a very modern kind of social interaction, requiring high levels of cooperation. I worry that driverless cars, by taking away from us an occasion to exercise this ability, could contribute to its decline.

Not only will these vehicles be programmed to take over driving duties and hence to remove from humans the power to make moral judgments (for example, about which pedestrian to hit when a crash is unavoidable) , they will also affect humans with whom they’ve had no direct contact. For instance, drivers who have steered awhile alongside an autonomous vehicle traveling at a steady, changeless speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihood of accidents once they’ve moved to a part of the highway occupied only by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alongside autonomous vehicles travelling in perfect accordance with (按照) traffic laws actually improves human performance.

Either way, we should be careful to launch new forms of AI without first taking such unexpected social effects into account. We must apply the same effort that we apply to the hardware and software that make self-driving cars possible to managing AI’s potential effects on those outside the car. After all, we install brake lights on the back of your car not just, or even primarily, for your benefit, but for the sake of the people behind you.

1. What can be inferred about human relationships from the first paragraph?

A．AI will lead to distant inter-personal relationships.

B．We will feel comfortable speaking to others online.

C．AI will enable people to communicate more with others.

D．We will be more self-reflective in interaction thanks to Al.

2. In Paragraph 2, the phrase “its decline” refers to the decline in _______..

A．drivers’ interaction with the cars

B．drivers’ exhaustion and distraction

C．our ability to cooperate with others while driving

D．our ability to deal with emergencies while driving

3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of driverless cars?

A．They may be better at making more judgments than human drivers.

B．They need to vary their speed to make contact with human drivers.

C．They may make human drivers in other cars drive more safely.

D．They need to force human drivers to concentrate in the car.

4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A．To present the challenges brought by AI.

B．To explain the reason why AI may harm human relations.

C．To put forward how to solve the unexpected effect of AI.

D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of driverless cars.

3 . A shocking 53.6 million metric tons of electronic waste was discarded last year, a new UN-backed report has revealed. The report shows that e-waste is up by 21% from five years ago. This isn’t surprising, considering how many more people are adopting new technology and updating devices regularly to have the latest versions, but the report also shows that national collection and recycling strategies are nowhere close to matching consumption rates.

E-waste contains materials including copper (铜), iron, gold and silver, which the report gives a conservative value of $ 57 billion. But most are thrown away or burned rather than being collected for recycling. Precious metals in waste are estimated to be worth $ 14 billion, but only $ 4 billion-worth is recovered at the moment.

While the number of countries with national e-waste policies has grown from 61 to 78 since 2014, there is little encouragement to obey and a mere 17% of collected items are recycled. If recycling does occur, it’s often under dangerous conditions, such as burning circuit boards to recover copper, which “releases highly poisonous metals” and harms the health of workers.

The report found that Asia has the highest amounts of waste overall, producing 24.9 million metric tons (MMT), followed by Europe at 12 MMT, Africa at 2.9 MMT, and Oceania at 0.7 MMT.

But whose responsibility is it? Are governments in charge of setting up collection and recycling points, or should companies be responsible for recycling the goods they produce? It goes both ways. Companies do need to be held accountable by government regulations and have incentives to design products that are easily repaired. At the same time, governments need to make it easy for citizens to access collection points and deal with their broken electronics in a convenient way. Otherwise, they may turn to the easiest option — the landfill.

1. What does the underlined word “discarded” most probably mean?

A．increased

B．distributed

C．thrown away

D．consumed

2. What do the statistics in Paragraph 2 show?

A．The functions of policies.	B．The great damage to environment.
C．The change of consumption rates.	D．The urgency of recovering e-waste.

3. What is the problem with recycling e-waste at present?

A．It does harm to the workers’ health.	B．It lacks national policy support.
C．It hardly makes profits.	D．It takes too much time.

4. How should the problem be solved according to the passage?

A．New technology should be used to update old devices.

B．Governments and companies should take responsibilities.

C．Non-poisonous metals had better be used in e-device.

D．Citizens must play a key role in recycling e-waste.

4 . At around 10 pm, Jane got off the train at Bell port, New York. She jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute _________ home. She was so _________ with the route that she almost drove automatically all the way. Jane had just crossed the railroad tracks when out of nowhere a truck hit her car, _________ her backward some 100 feet onto the tracks. She was _________ the car, injured but mostly shocked by the _________.

As it happened, Peter, a volunteer firefighter and retired teacher, was getting ready for _________. At the _________ noise of clanging metals and breaking glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window, he, still dressed in his pajamas, ran out of the door.

He first came upon a(n)_________ truck lying 2,000 feet from his front yard. After _________ its driver was OK, Peter looked around and __________ Jane’s car lying across the tracks. And then he heard the bells __________ an oncoming train.

Peter rushed to Jane’s car and__________ the driver’s side window. Jane just looked up at him, here yes __________. “I have no __________ of where I am,” she said.

“You are on the railroad tracks,” Peter yelled. “I have to get you off right now!” He __________ the handle, but the door was jammed. The train was __________. Without a moment of hesitation, Peter ran to the passenger side and __________ open the door. He __________ pulled her across the passenger seat and dragged her to safety behind a signal box a few feet away. Several seconds later, the train crashed into the __________.

Jane recalled the__________ moment. “I can never repay him for this,” she said, “last night the hero arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck.”

1.

A．lift

B．drive

C．ride

D．tour

2.

A．familiar

B．satisfied

C．bored

D．disappointed

3.

A．placing

B．forcing

C．adjusting

D．swinging

4.

A．attached to

B．connected to

C．stuck in

D．caught in

5.

A．failure

B．change

C．barrier

D．crash

6.

A．bed

B．dinner

C．work

D．exercise

7.

A．slight

B．deep

C．sharp

D．faint

8.

A．parked

B．abandoned

C．disabled

D．used

9.

A．acknowledging

B．concluding

C．announcing

D．predicting

10.

A．indicated

B．tapped

C．seized

D．spotted

11.

A．revealing

B．implying

C．detecting

D．signaling

12.

A．struck

B．revolve

C．removed

D．rolled

13.

A．rounding

B．unfocused

C．closed

D．widening

14.

A．idea

B．impression

C．sense

D．knowledge

15.

A．seized

B．fixed

C．controlled

D．pulled

16.

A．passing away

B．pulling over

C．thundering up

D．slowing down

17.

A．threw

B．pushed

C．kept

D．held

18.

A．appropriately

B．constantly

C．instantly

D．skillfully

19.

A．seat

B．track

C．box

D．car

20.

A．heart-breaking

B．life-saving

C．soul-stirring

D．eye-opening

5 . 假定你是李华，你校校报就“如何解决因手机依赖产生的亲子矛盾问题”这一话题征稿，请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈自己的一些看法或做法，内容包括：
1.陈述问题；
2.解决问题的方法。
注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2.词数不少于100。

My Opinion on Smartphone Addiction Among Teenagers

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6 . Many of us like to eat out and treat ourselves to delicious food. We are used to choosing hearty (丰盛的), fat-filled dishes and sugary desserts, which are not easily cooked at home.

The recent rise of light meals, however, gives us a smarter choice. According to Economic Daily, low-calorie, low-fat and high-fibre meals have become popular in China’s restaurants and online delivery plat-forms.

The country saw a rapid increase of restaurants concentrating on light meals, from just 600 in 2017 to more than 3,500 in 2018. According to a report published by Meituan, a major online food delivery plat-form, the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from the previous year.

Having a light meal, however, doesn’t mean eating only vegetables. Different from the meat-free lifestyle, a typical light dish avoids oily, salty and spicy food. Instead, it contains things like boiled meat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Healthy nutrients (营养物) are the theme of the light meal.

These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight. That’s probably why so many people, especially the youths are into them. They see it as “a great way to avoid getting fat,” wrote the Telegraph.

“After eating several light meals, I now prefer light flavours,” Zou Jing, a college teacher in Wuhan, told China Daily. She shared a picture of her lunch: a mixture of beef, eggs, corn, mushrooms and cherry tomatoes.

These changes in eating behaviour are connected to deeper changes in how people think about food, says Walter Willett, chairman of the nutrition department at the Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, US. “Diet quality, not quantity, is important for both weight control and long-term well-being,” Willett told The New York Times.

So the next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal. It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts.

1. What are light meals?

A．Fat-filled dishes.	B．Low-calorie and high-fibre meals.
C．Sugary desserts.	D．Meat free dishes.

2. What is the main way that the author used to prove the popularity of light meals in China?

A．Listing numbers.	B．Giving examples.
C．Giving descriptions.	D．Showing other people’s opinions.

3. Why do many young people enjoy light meals, according to the article?

A．They are usually colourful.

B．They are simple and convenient.

C．They can help people control their weight.

D．They are cheaper than other meals.

4. What do we know from the last two paragraphs?

A．Light meals will stay popular for a while.

B．One’s eating habit shows their personality.

C．It’s important to eat the right amount of good food.

D．There is a change in attitude toward healthy eating.

7 . 假如你是李华，近期你班将举办一个以“网络购物发展的利与弊”为主题的班会，请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，发表你的看法。内容包括：
1. 描述当下实体购物和网络购物发展的态势；
2. 你对网络购物的看法以及原因。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: physical store 实体店
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8 . Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.

Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.

“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.

“How do you mean?” I asked.

“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”

Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords, and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving.”

On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”

He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．Sydney’s striking architecture.	B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney’s development.	D．Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.

2. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?

A．He goes to work by boat.	B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well.	D．He is attached to the old ferries.

3. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?

A．It is losing its traditions.	B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population.	D．It is becoming more international.

4. Which statement will the author probably agree with?

A．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.

B．A city can be young and old at the same time.

C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.

D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.

9 . Do you speak a dialect (方言) in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Mandarin, some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government started the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project a few years ago.

This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the largest language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips (音频) and over 5 million videos.

Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to British linguist Harold Palmer, dialects are a key to store local cultures. Language faithfully shows the history, the beliefs and the biases (偏见) of an area, he said.

Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns of the disappearing of dialeets, “For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but hardly speak the dialect. Meanwhile, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said.

So how did China make this big library? “A big national effort has been put into the project to make it happen,” said Cao Zhiyun, chief expert on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups joined in, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers.

The project is now entering into its second part. This includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile dictionaries to help people lean dialects.

1. How does the author start the text?

A．By quoting sayings.	B．By sharing a story.
C．By stating his own experiences.	D．By asking a question.

2. What’s the third paragraph mainly about?

A．The development of Mandarin.	B．Why to protect dialects.
C．How to develop speaking skills.	D．The disappearing of dialects.

3. What’s Zhang Hongming’s attitude to Wu dialect?

A．Worried.

B．Positive.

C．Indifferent.

D．Unelear.

4. What can we know about the project according to the text?

A．It has entered into the third part.

B．Over 5.6 millions videos are collected in the project.

C．It looks at how people talk in 1,712 places.

D．Harold Palme is the chief expert on the project.

10 . 假定你是李华，最近你们学校英语角就“外卖食品是否应该进校园”展开讨论。关于该问题有人赞同，有人反对，请你总结大家赞同和反对的原因，并提出自己的观点。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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