1 . Plant-based products have been breaking into the foodie mainstream in the United States, after years in which vegan (素食的) burgers and milk alternatives knocked on the market’s door. That is partly because more companies are targeting people who seek to reduce the amount of meat they eat, rather than forswear it altogether.
Now, as fish alternatives begin to attract investment and land at restaurants in the United States and beyond, people who track the fishless fish sector say that it could achieve significant growth.
One reason, they say, is that consumers in rich countries are becoming more aware of the seafood industry’s environmental problems, including overfishing and the health risks of some seafood. Another is that today’s plant-based companies do a better job of approaching fish flavor than earlier ones did—an important consideration for non-vegetarians (非素食者).
“There are a number of people already looking at alternative hamburgers,” said Joshua Katz, an analyst at the consulting firm McKinsey who has studied the alt-protein (替代蛋白) industry. “You might actually say, ‘I should work on something else.’ And seafood is still a massive market with convincing reasons to work on.” People who reduce their consumption of animal proteins for environmental reasons often stop eating red meat, which requires enormous amounts of land and water to farm.
But alt-fish advocates say that seafood also comes with environmental problems. Unsustainable fishing practices have destroyed fisheries (鱼汤) in recent decades, a problem both for biodiversity and the millions of people who depend on the sea for income and food.
“It’s simply a smarter way to make seafood,” says Mirte Gosker, the acting managing director of the Good Food Institute Asia-Pacific, a nonprofit advocacy group that promotes alternative proteins. “Full stop.”
So far plant-based seafood products in the United States account for only 0.1 percent of the country’s seafood sales, less than 1.4 percent of the U.S. meat market occupied by plant-based meat alternatives. But alt-seafood enterprises worldwide received at least $83 million from investors in 2020, compared with $1 million three years earlier. As of this June, 83 companies were producing alt-seafood products around the world, a nearly threefold rise since 2017. All but 18 of those 83 companies focus on plant-based products. A dozen others are developing lab-grown seafood, which is not yet commercially available in any country.
1. What does the underlined word “forswear” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Sample. | B.Consume. | C.Produce. | D.Abandon. |
A.The health risks. | B.The protein intake. |
C.The taste and mouthfeel. | D.The overfishing problem. |
A.Determined. | B.Concerned. | C.Humorous. | D.Enthusiastic. |
A.Seafood companies are struggling. |
B.Plant-based meat products will be a trend. |
C.Alt-seafood products have a promising future. |
D.Seafood will be commercially available soon. |
2 . A latest national survey has found that over half of China’s netizens (网民) are suffering from various mental problems although some 62 percent of them claim at the same time that they are happy on the whole anyway.
This is the result of China’s first White Paper on Netizens’ Health Conditions issued on Wednesday by 39.net, China’s largest authoritative website on health sciences. It is the first most comprehensive health survey on netizens’ health situation ever conducted in China in ten years’ time. The white paper came out after two months of online and offline research that involved over 150 thousand netizens, covering topics and questions on health knowledge, mental situation, sense of health, and living habits.
According to the white paper, more than 70 percent of China’s netizens say they are suffering from mental problems such as bad memory, anxiety, depression, and a lack of confidence. And a similar 72 percent of them also say they are often suffering from diseases like insomnia, dizziness, joint degeneration and achings. Meanwhile, another 53 percent of netizens believe that white collar employees who have bigger work pressures are more likely to catch mental problems.
The white paper adds, doing almost no sports and spending long time surfing online lead to the above mentioned health problems among netizens. Only 9 percent of netizens take up sports on weekends while over 40 percent stay home, surfing. And only 16 percent netizens can assure more than eight hours’ sleeping daily.
At present, China has a netizen population of 162 million, with a monthly consumption of 186 yuan, or about 25 dollars, on Internet surfing.
1. The national survey on netizens’ health situation ________.A.was conducted on Wednesday | B.was carried out online and offline |
C.is conducted every year | D.covered about half a million netizens |
A.White clothes. | B.Office workers. |
C.White offices. | D.White people. |
A.shopping online | B.spending long time online |
C.heavy work pressures | D.doing no sports |
A.China has a large netizen population. |
B.The Internet has a negative influence on people. |
C.Many netizens in China have mental problems. |
D.How to surf the Internet safely and healthily. |
One day,Vinod Menon,head of the physics department at City College of New York,was going through his office mails.He opened a box,only
City College of New York is one of
“
The return address was to a house in Pensacola,Florida
Dr.Menon,who grew up in India,noted that the gift would provide for two fully-funded scholarships(全额奖学金)every year for ten years,and that he would try to see it go into the hands of the students who had the fewest means-such as immigrants(移民)like him.
4 . With millions of people visiting China’s mountains every year, keeping them trash-free is quite difficult. That’s where Spiderman cleaners come in.
Spiderman cleaners get their name from the dangerous nature of their job. They dangle (悬荡) thousands of feet above the ground on the side of steep mountain cliffs (悬崖), supported only by ropes, as they try to collect hard-to-reach trash. To show the danger of their work and make tourists think twice before littering, some of them actually exchanged their regular uniforms for Spiderman costumes. This has made them a hit with visitors, who often stop to watch these real-life versions of their favourite superhero, rewarding them with applause and cheers when they complete their task.
Spiderman cleaners really risk their life every time they go after a piece of trash left in popular scenic spots by tourists who never stop to think about the impact their deed may have on nature or the people tasked with cleaning up after them. To them, injuries are frequent and the stress is so great that they sometimes faint (晕倒) on the job. Because of the dangerous nature of the job, few people have the courage to work as Spiderman cleaners and those who do are rewarded generously. For example, the Guimeng Scenic Spot put up an ad for a Spiderman cleaner, offering 10,000 yuan a day, but also mentioned that the work was to be performed “at your own risk”.
Spiderman cleaners all around China pick up tons of litter from the scenic mountains every year. Some of them have been doing it for over a decade and they don’t plan on stopping anytime soon. Luckily, after the job has been reported by the national media during the past few years, more people have begun to think twice before littering. Less and less trash has been found in recent years, which means Spiderman cleaners don't have to risk their life as often as they used to.
So the next time you feel like throwing a piece of trash in a scenic spot, spare a thought for these unsung heroes and how they risk their life to keep the world clean for everybody.
1. What is Spiderman cleaners’ job according to the passage?A.Collecting plastic bottles and bags for visitors. |
B.Cleaning rubbish in some steep mountains. |
C.Amusing visitors in Spiderman costumes. |
D.Preventing visitors from throwing rubbish anywhere. |
A.take a great risk at work |
B.take up the occupation out of interest |
C.are usually looked down upon by tourists |
D.are ordered to dress like a real Spiderman |
A.more people fall in love with the job |
B.people know where to throw rubbish |
C.the scenic mountains are becoming safer |
D.the number of uncivilized tourists has decreased |
A.To cause a discussion among readers. |
B.To set a daily rule for rude people. |
C.To advise people not to litter. |
D.To call on people to visit a scenic spot |
5 . Bullying (欺凌)can happen to anyone. A great many children around the world are bullied every year, but there are things that can be done to help.
What is bullying?
Bullying is when someone makes you feel bad of hurts you again and again. Bullying can happen at school, out of school and online. Bullying includes:
·calling people mean (恶意的)names
·laughing at people
·telling lies about people
·taking someone’s things without permission
·not telling someone play in a group
·hitting people
What is cyberbullying?
Cyberbullying includes:
·sending bad messages online
·sharing photos online without permission
·not letting someone be part of an online group
·spreading lies online
What can you do?
If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know and like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher.
If you get bad messages, don’t reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family, or the police. Ask an adult for help. Don’t share something before you make sure it is true. That will help stop the cyberbullying.
Talk to your parent or teacher or an adult if you see bullying or if you are worried about a friend.
Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person.
And always remember: think about how to be kind in the future.
For more information, visit our home page at www.kidsword.com.
1. According to the passage, the followings are bullying EXCEPT:A.laughing with people | B.hitting people |
C.telling lies about people | D.calling people mean names |
A.at school | B.at home | C.on the Internet | D.on the street |
A.share them with friends | B.keep them as your secrets |
C.reply to them at once | D.give them to your teacher |
6 . If you were to rate the most walkable cities in the world, what would you look for? Would it be how shaded the sidewalks are? How many benches there are along the way to your destination? Or maybe how close you are to shops or local attractions?
Well, the researchers at the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), located in New York. US, wanted to know which of the world’s cities were the best for pedestrians (行人). So, they did just that.
To determine which cities were the most walkable, they rated cities based on factors such as how close citizens were to car-free areas like public parks, how close citizens lived in relation to schools and hospitals, and how short their journeys were overall.
According to the study, they found that the most walkable cities in the world are London, Paris, Bogota and Hong Kong. Overall, London was at the top of the list, outranking (超过) nearly 1, 000 cities around the world on these key factors.
“In order to provide safety and inviting walking conditions for all city residents, it is essential to shift the balance of space in our cities away from cars, providing more travel options for people,” CEO of ITDP Heather Thompson told the magazine Cities Today. She continued, “We have so much to gain-from cleaner air to better health to stronger local economies and deeper bonds within communities, and we all need that now more than ever. ”
Unfortunately, it seems that very few cities make pedestrians a priority, though.
“Our city streets across the planet are already full of cars. If you really want to see the worst for walkability, it is the really sprawling (杂乱无序伸展的) cities of the US, ” commented Taylor Reich, a research associate at ITDP and the primary author of the guide to making cities more walkable.
So, what can cities do to make their streets friendlier for pedestrians?
“There’s no one secret sauce; there’s no one thing you can do to make a city walkable, ” Reich said. “It’s many decisions that are made at all levels from individual streets all the way up to the city design.”
1. What’s the purpose of the study?A.To call on cities to make streets more walkable. |
B.To find out the most walkable cities around the world. |
C.To investigate pedestrians’ satisfaction with city life. |
D.To explore factors impacting the walkability of cities. |
A.The amount of green space on sidewalks. |
B.Traffic and road conditions for pedestrians. |
C.The number of public services for pedestrians. |
D.Accessibility of certain destinations to pedestrians. |
A.Increasing travel choices. | B.Developing local economies. |
C.Limiting the number of cars. | D.Connecting local communities. |
A.Cars are major contributors to reduced walkability. |
B.US cities are designed to give priority to pedestrians. |
C.It is everyone’s responsibility to make a city walkable. |
D.Both small and large scale measures are required to improve walkability. |
7 . If you’re an Instagram user, you may have recently seen a pop-up (弹出窗口) asking if you want the service to “use your app and website activity” to “provide a better ads experience.” This is an example of a dark pattern; design that manipulates (操纵) or heavily influences users to make certain choices. Instagram uses terms like “activity” and “personalized” instead of “tracking” and “targeting,” so the user may not realize what they’re actually giving the app permission to do. Most people don’t want Instagram to know everything they do and everywhere they go. But a “better experience” sounds like a good thing, so Instagram makes the option it wants users to select more attractive than the one it hopes they’ll avoid.
Harry Brignull coined the term “dark patterns” in 2010. Dark patterns existed in the physical world long before the Internet came along, but the Internet has made dark patterns so much more powerful, Although you may not have heard the term before, you've surely seen countless examples of them and experienced their effects, such as the trial streaming service you signed up for, only to be automatically charged when the trial ends.
Dark patterns have for years been tricking Internet users into giving up their personal data. But if some lawmakers get their way, they may not be able to do that for much longer.
Some of the more obvious and scammy (欺诈的) dark patterns — sneaking extra items into shopping baskets or adding unexpected charges — have been made illegal. But the law isn’t so cut and dried when it comes to privacy and data.
Harry Brignull and a growing number of advocates and lawmakers feel that legislation (立法) is necessary to stop these dark patterns to consumers can use the Internet without constantly being manipulated into spending money, signing up for services they don’t need, or giving up their data.
1. Why are Instagram users tricked by the new pop-up?A.It has a stylish design. | B.It uses misleading words. |
C.It offers too many choices. | D.It promises not to track users. |
A.They improve user experience. | B.They came along with the Internet. |
C.They provide personalized service. | D.They influence users' decision making. |
A.Dark patterns. | B.Internet users. |
C.Personal data. | D.Some lawmakers. |
A.Recording shopping lists. | B.Tracking online habits. |
C.Charging hidden fees. | D.Presenting unwanted ads. |
Do you know the UK government has
In the past ten years, more than 4,500,000
9 . Weird. That was how Kelvin felt when he signed a prenuptial agreement years ago with his then girlfriend. According to the agreement, the ownership of the house would go to the wife if the couple divorced, because the wife’s parents had paid the down payment for the house.
In China, most people are unwilling to sign a prenuptial agreement, commonly known as “prenups”. But overseas Chinese are showing a different attitude. According to a recent survey, 70 percent of overseas Chinese participants, mainly living in the US, said it is necessary to sign prenups before tying the knot. The survey covering 1,084 people was conducted by a Los Angeles-based dating company “2RedBeans” through the company’s mobile app.
“It shows that the attitude of overseas Chinese toward marriage has been influenced by Western values over the past decade,” said a co-founder of 2RedBeans. In China, more often than not, a prenup is considered to indicate distrust between a couple and the lack of faith in marriage.
US family law attorneys, however, say that prenups have many advantages, from protecting the assets (资产) brought into the marriage by one party to saving the other party from debt. The rights and obligations related to marriage vary from state to state in the US. “So if you get married without drawing up your own terms and conditions, you are by default (默认) submitting to your state’s law,” Kelly Rickert who has gained popularity for sharing family court stories said in a TikTok video. “Prenups are especially important in a community property state such as California, where all assets and debts acquired after marriage shall be shared by both parties,” she said.
One of her recent clients was lucky to have a prenup which allowed her to keep her property separate from the debt of her late husband, who had run up “astronomical” amounts of medical bills before he died of COVID-19. “Had they not had a prenup stating that the debt be attributed to the party who acquired it, the medical debt would have been shared and she would have had to pay it.” Rickert said.
This might be one of the reasons why many overseas Chinese are attaching importance to prenups. Overseas Chinese living in North America are generally high-income earners and come from middle-class families, so they more easily accept prenups, especially those under 30 years old, who are more likely to value financial independence and consider prenups necessary.
1. What do we know about the survey?A.The company TikTok carried out the survey. |
B.One thousand people were surveyed through WeChat. |
C.It was conducted among Chinese people living in the US. |
D.Most people surveyed hold a favorable attitude towards prenups. |
A.Favorable. | B.Neutral. |
C.Disapproving. | D.Doubtful. |
A.To prove the importance of prenups. |
B.To call for people’s attention to prenups. |
C.To illustrate the damage caused by COVID- 19. |
D.To demonstrate what will happen. |
A.A Trend Among Chinese |
B.The Pros and Cons of Prenups |
C.Overseas Chinese Value Prenups |
D.Different Attitudes Toward Marriage |
10 . When you really love a book, or have just scored a new one that you’re dying to read, it can be exciting to pick up a smooth, shiny hardcover copy that creaks a little bit when you open it. But those hardcover books can be heavy, and new ones aren’t cheap, either. Sometimes, you’d just rather have a portable paperback—but if it’s a new book you’re after, you might have to wait a full year or so to get it in paperback form. Why are books released as hardcovers first?
Not so long ago, hardcover books were the only type of books. Before the appearance of mass production, print runs were limited, and books were hard-bound and expensive. Around the 1930s, that changed with the production of mass-produced paperback books, which consisted with a huge surge in reading as a leisure activity around World War II. Paperback books were more affordable and cheaper to produce, which still holds true today.
Despite the seeming advantages of paperbacks, there are several reasons why the hardcover has persisted. Because of its history, it conveys a bit more legitimacy (正统性) in the book world than the paperback does. “The hardback is a mark of quality…it shows booksellers and reviewers that this is a book worth paying attention to,” Philip Jones, editor at The Bookseller, explains to The Guardian.
But the major reason why books come out as hardcovers is that people buy them, despite their higher cost. The Economist compares it to movies being released in theaters several months before they arrive on DVD. “Just as film fans like to see films on the big screen, collectors enjoy the hardback’s superior quality,” according to The Economist. And because they’re profitable, publishers can gain more from hardcovers, which “will often sell at twice the price of their paperback equivalent but do not cost twice as much to produce,” Jones explains.
1. What can we learn about hardcover books from Paragraph 1?A.They are exciting. |
B.They are heavy but not expensive. |
C.They take a long time to come out. |
D.They appeal to real book-lovers. |
A.Dramatic drop. | B.Sharp increase. |
C.Strong blow. | D.Swift success. |
A.They are costly and precious. |
B.They are worth buying. |
C.They show readers’ tastes. |
D.They sell better than paperbacks. |
A.To introduce hardcover books. |
B.To present a new social finding. |
C.To explain a confusing phenomenon. |
D.To encourage people to read books. |