1 . The Oxford English Dictionary defines work as the “mental or physical activity as a means of earning income”. Since the industrial revolution, the working world has seen dramatic changes,
We are finding new ways to explore our inborn talents and use our knowledge and skills for the good of the world. Yet most of us are operating under an outdated definition of work. We think work should be hard and that it should be a sacrifice.
The next best step is to come up with your own definition of work. Think through the following two questions:
If you want to spend the majority of your time loving what you do and feeling a deep sense of fulfillment, you need to take charge of creating this for yourself. It doesn’t matter whether you are a businessman or a student with a part-time job.
| A．What is your definition of work? |
| B．New jobs are being created every day. |
| C．Do you understand the definition of work? |
| D．Enjoying work is simply something “nice to have”. |
| E．We are supposed to work hard to satisfy our own need. |
| F．But we must remember that the mind creates the experience. |
| G．You have more power to manage your experience of work than you believe. |
2 . On the last day of college before graduation, our professor walked up on stage to give us a final lesson, which she called "a life lesson on the
Students shouted out answers
After a few moments of
As the class nodded their heads in
stressful thoughts are like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and
| A．origin | B．trend | C．standard | D．power |
| A．picked | B．laid | C．raised | D．pulled |
| A．urged | B．begged | C．expected | D．advised |
| A．Instead | B．Therefore | C．Otherwise | D．Anyway |
| A．coming | B．ranging | C．transforming | D．judging |
| A．various | B．visible | C．quick | D．short |
| A．concern | B．matter | C．care | D．mean |
| A．refers to | B．results in | C．depends on | D．mixes with |
| A．fairly | B．exactly | C．theoretically | D．merely |
| A．only | B．again | C．later | D．straight |
| A．permitting | B．forcing | C．encouraging | D．reminding |
| A．section | B．problem | C．case | D．field |
| A．so | B．or | C．for | D．but |
| A．remains | B．feels | C．proves | D．looks |
| A．agreement | B．relief | C．fear | D．shock |
| A．happiness | B．disappointment | C．curiousness | D．engagement |
| A．something | B．everything | C．anything | D．nothing |
| A．pain | B．terror | C．sorrow | D．doubt |
| A．unwilling | B．unable | C．unwise | D．unlucky |
| A．destroy | B．hide | C．drop | D．accept |
My friend Maria and I got our degrees at the same time — hers in Engineering, mine in Mathematics. These subjects, in case you aren’t aware, are tough! There were classes we really had to struggle with, fight to get through, and survived only by digging our fingers in with everything we had. Along the way, many of the people who started at the same time dropped out, changed majors, etc. They quit. Maria and I didn’t and we have degrees to show for it.
Maria and I came up with a saying, ＂We’re not quitters. We’re failures！＂ We’d rather fail a class three times and eventually pass it than quit and resign ourselves to the idea that we ＂just can’t get it＂. That kind of sob story defeatism has to be removed from your mind. While there are things that you can’t do — like flying via pixie dust — you can have most of the things you want in life, but only if you treat failure as a part of the learning process. If you see failure as an end, that makes you a quitter.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对上述情况的看法，并用2 ~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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4 . Larry Ellison came from the slums to co-found Oracle.
Larry Ellison was born on the Lower East Side of New York during World War II, back when that district was still poor and filled with immigrants striving to survive. At an early age, Ellison caught pneumonia(肺炎) and was sent to the South Side of Chicago to live with relatives. Despite these obstacles, he was able to educate himself and join Software Development Laboratories, in 1977.
This was an important move, because in 1982 the company became Oracle. This is a company that brings in $38 billion every single year, and along the way, Ellison — who stepped down(辞职) as CEO in 2014 — managed to accumulate over $46.2 billion in net worth(净值).
Zdenek Bakala flees Communist Czechoslovakia with $50.
Zdenek Bakala happens to be one of the leading coal entrepreneurs in the United States. Originally from Czechoslovakia, he fled that country when he was just 19. He arrived in Lake Tahoe with just $50 in his pocket. Once there, he got a job washing dishes at Harrah’s casino.
Fast-forward a few years: Bakala attended the famous University of California-Berkeley and acquired his undergraduate degree. That higher education gained him entry into the banking world. And returning to his homeland, in 1994 he opened the Credit Suisse office in Prague.
Due to his enormous wealth, Bakala has managed to acquire huge shares in both coal and iron ore, which he still holds to this day.
Do Won Chang worked three jobs to survive.
Do Won Chang is the famous face behind Forever 21, who immigrated to the United States from South Korea, in 1981. Before he founded Forever 21, he worked three jobs simultaneously(同时地), as a gas station clerk, a janitor(守卫) and a coffee shop employee. That period lasted for three years before he founded the company and opened its first clothing store, in 1984.
This family business grew quickly by taking advantage of the benefits of "fast fashion". Forever 21 is now multi-national and has 480 locations across the world. It has also managed to bring in $3 billion per year. And the next generation has been taken into the company, as Chang has brought his two daughters on board.
1. What can we learn about Larry Ellison?| A．He was born into a wealthy family. |
| B．He was well educated and capable. |
| C．He has become a billionaire nowadays. |
| D．He is still in charge of the company Oracle. |
| A．His family background. | B．The education he received. |
| C．His friends selfless help. | D．The huge share he holds. |
| A．They all changed from rags to riches. |
| B．They are all immigrants to the US. |
| C．They all managed to graduate from college. |
| D．They all worked three jobs to survive. |
5 . I’d never been crazy about Christmas. My husband John and the kids had always done their best to infuse(使充满) me with the holiday
My salary had reduced and John’s government salary was
“I got a Make and Bake set for Christmas!” one girl shouted. “I got clothes!” another girl said. “What did you get, Lori?” someone asked. “So many presents.” I lied. My parents gave me plenty of love, but love was the
John was
I worked hard to make things right for John because I loved to see my Christmas-loving husband full of holiday joy. I
| A．practice | B．desire | C．spirit | D．pressure |
| A．aimless | B．priceless | C．endless | D．hopeless |
| A．decreased | B．received | C．measured | D．doubled |
| A．performances | B．presents | C．rewards | D．donations |
| A．putting up | B．putting down | C．putting off | D．putting on |
| A．embarrassing | B．horrible | C．precious | D．exciting |
| A．first | B．same | C．real | D．only |
| A．predicted | B．decided | C．imagined | D．promised |
| A．searching | B．preparing | C．approaching | D．planting |
| A．change | B．remove | C．hold | D．handle |
| A．dream | B．reminder | C．comfort | D．resource |
| A．got down | B．broke away | C．turned off | D．fell over |
| A．idea | B．story | C．business | D．account |
| A．flashed | B．repaired | C．adjusted | D．adapted |
| A．message | B．procedure | C．commitment | D．attitude |
6 . A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small danger to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians, bat she replied: “I’m going to walk where I like. We’ve got liberty now.” It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty allowed the pedestrian to walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody else’s way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy(无政府主义).
There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed (削减). When the policeman, say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny(专制)，but of liberty. You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this rude officer, feel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere with your free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be in chaos that you would never cross at all. You have to curtail your private liberty in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.
Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody else’s liberty, of course, I may be as free as I like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown who shall say me no? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have liberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeing my hair, or wearing an overcoat and sandals, or going to bed late or getting up early, I shall follow my fancy and ask no man’s permission. I shall not inquire of you whether I may eat mustard with my mutton. And you will not ask me whether you may follow this religion or that, whether you may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcox to Wordsworth.
In all these and a thousand other details you and I please ourselves and ask no one’s leave. We have a whole kingdom in which we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other people’s liberty. I might like to practice on the trumpet from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on to the top of Everest to do it, I could please myself, but if I do it in my bedroom my family will object, and if I do it out in the streets the neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the trumpet must not interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet. There are a lot of people in the world, and I have to accommodate my liberty to their liberties.
We are all likely to forget this, and unfortunately we are much more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than of our own. A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct.
It is in the small matters of conduct, in the observance of the rule of the road, that we pass judgment upon ourselves, and declare that we are civilized or uncivilized. The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare. It is the little habits of commonplace intercourse that make up the great sum of life and sweeten or make bitter the journey.
1. The author might regard his “rule of the road” as_________.| A．not walking in the middle of the road | B．following the orders of policemen |
| C．behaving considerately in public | D．doing what you like in private |
| A．ridiculous | B．impolite |
| C．intolerable | D．irresponsible |
| A．accepted | B．prohibited |
| C．educated | D．limited |
| A．when he stays in his own home | B．if he doesn’t interrupt others’ liberty |
| C．if he doesn’t go against the law | D．when no one pays attention to him |
| A．obeying the authorities | B．correcting others’ improper acts |
| C．making personal sacrifices | D．being thoughtful in small things |
| A．“Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.” (paragraph 1) |
| B．“ There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk…” (paragraph 2) |
| C．“A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings…” (paragraph 5) |
| D．“ The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare. ” (paragraph 6) |
7 . Being a teenager can be tough. “Troubled” and “rebellious(叛逆的)” are often labels that people give kids in their teens. There are even scientific theories explaining that the likelihood of teenagers taking is due to the fact that their brains aren’t fully developed yet.
But a new study by researches at the University of Pennsylvania and Cornell University may have finally cleared up this misunderstanding.
The adolescents(青少年) lack experience.
Instead of being something to worry about, sensation seeking is actually necessary, since the process of learning usually goes hand in hand with taking risks. "Teenagers need to build experience so that they can do a better job in making the difficult and risky decisions in later life. ‘Should I take this job? or ‘
“
| A．Should I marry this person? |
| B．It turns out that teenagers are fine. |
| C．Adolescents should do as follows. |
| D．What can parents do to help the kids? |
| E．There's something scarier than taking a risk. |
| F．In other words, they just can t help it. |
| G．Therefore, they keep trying things out for the first time in their life. |
8 . No one has a temper naturally so good, that it does not need attention and cultivation, and no one has a temper so bad, but that, by proper culture, it may become pleasant. One of the best disciplined tempers ever seen, was that of a gentleman who was naturally quick, irritable, rash, and violent; but, by taking care of the sick, and especially of mentally deranged (疯狂的) people, he so completely mastered himself that he was never known to be thrown off his guard.
There is no misery so constant, so upsetting, and so intolerable to others, as that of having a character which is your master. There are corners at every turn in life, against which we may run, and at which we may break out in impatience, if we choose.
Look at Roger Sherman, who rose from a humble occupation to a seat in the first Congress of the United States, and whose judgment was received with great respect by that body of distinguished men. He made himself master of his temper and cultivated it as a great business in life. There are one or two instances which show this part of his character in a light that is beautiful.
One day, after having received his highest honors, he was sitting and reading in his sitting room. A student, in a room close by, held a lookingglass in such a position as to pour the reflected rays of the sun directly in Mr Sherman's face. He moved his chair, and the thing was repeated. A third time the chair was moved, but the lookingglass still reflected the sun in his eyes. He laid aside his book, went to the window, and many witnesses of the rude behavior expected to see the ungentlemanly student severely punished. He raised the window gently, and then—shut the window blind!
I can not help providing another instance of the power he had acquired over himself. He was naturally possessed of strong passions, but over these he at length obtained an extraordinary control. He became habitually calm and selfpossessed. Mr Sherman was one of those men who are not ashamed to maintain the forms of religion in their families. One morning he called them all together as usual to lead them in prayer to God. The “old family Bible” was brought out and laid on the table.
Mr Sherman took his seat and placed beside him one of his children, a child of his old age. The rest of the family were seated around the room, several of whom were now grownups. Besides these, some of the tutors of the college were boarders in the family and were present at the time. His aged mother occupied a corner of the room, opposite the place where the distinguished Judge sat.
At length, he opened the Bible and began to read. The child who was seated beside him made some little disturbance, upon which Mr Sherman paused and told it to be still. Again he continued but again he had to pause to scold the little offender, whose playful character would scarcely permit it to be still. At this time he gently tapped its ear. The blow, if blow it might be called, caught the attention of his aged mother, who now with some effort rose from the seat and tottered across the room. At length, she reached the chair of Mr Sherman, and in a moment, most unexpectedly to him, she gave him a blow on the ear with all the force she could gather. “There” said she, “you strike your child, and I will strike mine.”
For a moment, the blood was seen mounting to the face of Mr Sherman. But it was only for a moment and all was calm and mild as usual. He paused; he raised his glasses; he cast his eye upon his mother; again it fell upon the book from which he had been reading. Not a word escaped him; but again he calmly pursued the service, and soon sought in prayer an ability to set an example before his household which should be worthy of their imitation. Such a victory was worth more than the proudest one ever achieved on the field of battle.
1. The following sentence should be put at the beginning of Paragraph ________．The difference in the happiness which is received by the man who governs his temper and that by the man who does not is dramatic.
| A．Two | B．Three |
| C．Four | D．Five |
| A．By analyzing reasons. | B．By giving examples. |
| C．By listing arguments. | D．By comparing facts. |
| A．Grateful. | B．Skeptical. |
| C．Tolerant. | D．Sympathetic. |
| A．He came from a distinguished family background. |
| B．He was not good at displaying his true inner feelings. |
| C．He severely punished a student who didn't behave himself. |
| D．He was a man conscious of the consequences of his behavior. |
| A．Mr Sherman's face was covered with blood. |
| B．Mr Sherman was seeking strength in prayer. |
| C．Mr Sherman was then on the point of exploding. |
| D．Mr Sherman was ashamed of his mother's rude behavior. |
| A．Control your temper | B．Save your selfesteem |
| C．Mind your manners | D．Treasure your Bible |
9 . Beauty lies everywhere. One famous person once said, ＂It’s not the lack of beauty in life, but the lack of the eyes to find the beauty.＂
Jim: I have a deep understanding of the sentence. The eyes stand for our attitude towards life. If we hold an optimistic attitude towards life, we are more willing and active to find everything more attractive around us. As a matter of fact, an optimistic person will find daily things more beautiful than a pessimistic person.
Linda: People may be easily affected by the surroundings. Whatever we see every day has a real effect on our mindset. Therefore, I think we should learn to change our attitude towards life, and try our best to keep motivated and encouraged. If we keep an eye open for things around us intentionally, we can find there is much more beauty waiting for us.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词谈谈你对＂保持积极向上的心态＂的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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10 . I was hooked on a story about Donna, which clearly showed the power of support.
Several months ago, Donna had just
Early one morning, Donna received a phone call with some
At the
Several weeks later, when life began to return to normal, Donna
When you find yourself
| A．made up | B．broken up | C．got away | D．got along |
| A．support | B．game | C．divorce | D．loss |
| A．quietly | B．worriedly | C．alone | D．along |
| A．helping | B．occurring | C．wondering | D．assisting |
| A．terrible | B．amazing | C．dangerous | D．surprising |
| A．claimed | B．killed | C．injured | D．caught |
| A．really | B．barely | C．exactly | D．nearly |
| A．removed | B．overcame | C．recognized | D．changed |
| A．door | B．gate | C．car | D．bus |
| A．pray | B．party | C．funeral | D．break |
| A．endless | B．enough | C．happy | D．meaningful |
| A．ran over | B．turned over | C．washed over | D．looked over |
| A．afraid | B．annoyed | C．alone | D．alarmed |
| A．sadness | B．horror | C．panic | D．thrill |
| A．recalled | B．realized | C．reminded | D．remembered |
| A．presented | B．provided | C．favored | D．offered |
| A．mirror | B．candle | C．challenge | D．gift |
| A．incredible | B．inadequate | C．unable | D．unlikely |
| A．In short | B．In other words | C．On the whole | D．On the contrary |
| A．concentration | B．contribution | C．effort | D．attention |
