1 . Recent research reveals that the adoption of generative artificial intelligence (AI) by companies in the US has a disproportionate impact on women. According to a recent analysis, approximately 79% of the jobs lost to AI were held by women. This difference can be due to several factors.
Women are more likely to work in industries that are highly be influenced by automation, such as retail, hospitality, and administrative support. These sectors often involve repetitive tasks that can be easily automated by AI technologies. Consequently, women employed in these industries face a higher risk of job displacement.
Gender biases in AI algorithms (运算法则) can worsen the situation for women. AI systems are trained on historical data, which may reflect existing gender biases in hiring and promotion practices. This can result in biased decision-making during recruitment and performance evaluations, putting women at a disadvantage in the workplace.
The lack of diversity in the development of AI technologies contributes to the gender difference. The underrepresentation (代表名额不足) of women in the field of AI means that their perspectives and experiences are not adequately considered during the design and development process. As a result, AI systems may not fully understand or cater to the needs of women, continuously leading to gender inequalities.
To address these challenges, it is crucial to prioritize diversity and inclusion in the development and deployment of AI technologies. This involves increasing the representation of women in AI-related fields and ensuring diverse perspectives are considered during the design and testing phases. Additionally, companies should actively work towards eliminating gender biases in AI algorithms and regularly assess their impact on different demographic groups.
In conclusion, although men currently dominate the labor market, women bear a disproportionate burden due to the adoption of generative AI. The combination of industry composition, gender biases in algorithms, and lack of diversity in AI development contribute to this disparity. To relieve these effects, it is essential to prioritize diversity and inclusion in AI development and address gender biases in algorithms. Only through these efforts can we ensure that the benefits of AI are distributed equitably among all individuals, regardless of gender.
1. Why are women in the US workforce more influenced by the adoption of generative AI than men?A.Women are less adaptable to technological changes. |
B.Women have a lower level of education compared to men. |
C.Women are generally less skilled in technology and AI-related fields. |
D.Women are more likely to work in industries that are highly automatable. |
A.Increasing gender proportion in AI development teams. |
B.Providing targeted training and programs for women and giving them more chances in AI-related fields. |
C.Encouraging women to pursue careers in non-automatable industries. |
D.Offering financial supports to companies that prioritize gender diversity in AI programmes. |
A.It ensures equal opportunities for women in the workforce. |
B.It promotes innovation and creativity in AI solutions. |
C.It reduces the risk of biased algorithms that perpetuate gender inequalities. |
D.It improves the overall performance and effectiveness of AI systems. |
A.The impact of AI on job losses in the US. |
B.The role of women in AI-related fields. |
C.Gender biases in AI algorithms and their effects on women. |
D.Solutions to address challenges faced by women due to generative AI. |
2 . As is the fate of anyone running a hotel in Kerala these days, Bijoy George is a man with too much to do. Before pandemic-caused lockdowns began in 2020, he managed 40 employees at the Eighth Bastion Hotel in the charming historic quarter of Kochi, a bustling coastal city. Now that business is back to pre-covid levels he needs the same number of staff again. But he has only 20 workers. His plight is shared with every other hotel, café and bar. It is a result of the state’s hospitality (招待) employees moving all together in large numbers to Qatar, not to watch football but to take up employment tied to the World Cup.
As the start of the competition approaches on November 20th, workers are quitting at a rate Mr. George says he has never seen in his 22 years in the business. Qatar, a country with a population of under 3m, will have welcomed more than 1.5m visitors before the matches conclude on December 18th. That means finding staff to run all the new hotels that have been built along with other venues that have been pressed into service to profit from the sports fans.
Kerala has long been a significant source of hospitality workers for Qatar and other Middle Eastern countries. Its state government provides good schools with English-language instruction but few jobs. More than 2m people, 17% of its working population, already work overseas, largely in the Gulf.
The appeal of Qatar is straightforward. Starting salaries approach $1,000 a month, more than six times the level for similar jobs in Kerala. To replace those who have left, Kerala’s employers have been casting their nets wider. Recruiters have been extending their searches to many other Indian cities. But that means the most common word on name-tags pinned to the breast pockets of workers is “trainee”.
Among the many skills that need to be taught, says Mr. George, is smiling at customers — the failure to do so a result of shyness among those new to the workforce. The danger is that after a week or so when confidence grows, even these employees may slip away to the Gulf.
Most contracts run for three months, concluding at the end of December, not long after the World Cup final. Returning workers will be welcomed back with open arms. Filling the gaps is even more important as Indian tourism and weddings have restarted. The reunions, though, may be short-lived. The game these workers will have learned from the World Cup is how to be paid better. That means leaving India.
1. The underlined sentence in paragraph one implies that __________.A.other hotels, cafes and bars will share Bijoy’s 20 employees |
B.other hotels, cafes and bars will have to lay off some workers |
C.other hotels, cafes and bars also send the workers to Qatar |
D.other hotels, cafes and bars also find it hard to employ enough workers |
A.Millions of tourists have to be served during the World Cup. |
B.Hospitality workers are in high demand with new hotels and venues open for business in Qatar. |
C.Qatar provides good education and English training for potential workers in Kerala. |
D.The salaries of similar jobs in Kerala are much lower than those in Qatar. |
A.Kerala’s employers have to take on new employees in Asian cities. |
B.Many of the new employees will pin their name tags to their breast pockets. |
C.The new employees will not greet the customers as a result of shyness. |
D.The new employees may soon follow the trend of going to the Gulf. |
A.Jobs outside India can provide Indian workers with a more decent life. |
B.It will soon be the off season for Indian tourism and weddings. |
C.Another grand occasion will soon begin in the Gulf. |
D.The workers only sign short-term contracts with the employers in India. |
3 . Unexpected Things About Archaeology (考古学)
Archaeology is an amazing career. We get to explore and debate how life has been and can be lived, and we get to share this knowledge with people in a way which benefits society. If you don’t know an archaeologist or haven’t worked with one before, you might not know what they actually do or you might think we do things that we don’t.
Not all archaeology is underground.
A lot of people think of archaeology as being buried in the ground, but any physical material can tell us about the past.
You might think archaeologists are only interested in the most precious items, like coins, valuable jewellery or well-preserved objects. But often the most common items, like pottery, clay tobacco pipes, glass bottles or bricks, can tell them the most information. They help build a picture of people’s lives. Sometimes, not finding an object we thought would be there tells us something about the people.
Archaeologists don’t use brushes very often.
Many people think archaeologists spend all day brushing dirt off the items they find. They do sometimes use brushes to clean surfaces for clear photographs. But they mainly use tools like trowels, shovels or mattocks. A normal day involves a lot of heavy digging.
Archaeologists can use technology to learn what is underground instead of digging.
Archaeology is a science, an art and a form of physical work. It’s varied and can appeal to people with different interests and skills. It may take you on a journey you don’t expect!
A.Archaeology is for everybody. |
B.Archaeologists aren’t only interested in gold. |
C.Archaeologists don’t have to dig to learn about what is underground. |
D.So we pulled together a list of things you might not know about archaeology. |
E.This means above-ground remains, like buildings, are important forms of evidence. |
F.They also must work quickly as they’re usually part of a wider construction project. |
G.Archaeologists get more information about the history of an area with every site they dig. |
4 . Great Reasons to Earn a Psychology (心理学) Degree
Can you guess which college major is one of the most popular among undergraduate students all over the world? The answer: Psychology! A psychology degree not only offers students the opportunity for personal growth, but also opens up a huge range and variety of career opportunities.
Have you ever wondered why people behave in certain ways? Or maybe you've always wanted to learn more about your own mind, emotions, and actions? Earning a degree in psychology is an excellent way to gain a greater understanding of people.
Find a job that’s in demand.
The demand for psychological services in schools, hospitals and social services agencies is expected to fuel a positive job outlook for trained professionals.
Make a difference in people’s lives.
If you've ever dreamed of making a real difference in other people's lives, earning a psychology degree can be an effective way to achieve that goal. Psychologists and community services workers devote their time and energy to helping people overcome difficulties, increase their well-being, and realize their full potential.
Study a topic you love.
The best possible reason to earn a degree in psychology is simply a love for the subject matter.
A.Learn more about yourself and others |
B.Employers highly prize the skill is of psychology |
C.Let’s imagine that you have strong interest in psychology |
D.If you want to work in a job directly related to psychology |
E.If you look forward to going to your psychology courses |
F.While this type of work can be emotionally demanding and stressful at times |
G.Read on for some things that earning a psychology degree will allow you to do |
5 . Fatima grew up in rural Gohr Province, where there was no schooling available to girls. But she insisted on listening to BBC radio, which she could
“My sisters were forced to get married. I decided that I would not continue in their
She joined Facebook groups for history fans.
Of course, being a
A.take up | B.pick up | C.turn up | D.build up |
A.life | B.choice | C.tradition | D.business |
A.work | B.live | C.study | D.travel |
A.Afraid | B.Convinced | C.Certain | D.Tired |
A.posts | B.letters | C.novels | D.speeches |
A.responses | B.donation | C.lessons | D.guidance |
A.teaching | B.settling | C.travelling | D.serving |
A.similarly | B.obviously | C.hopefully | D.eventually |
A.promoted | B.instructed | C.hired | D.trained |
A.intelligent | B.devoted | C.efficient | D.professional |
A.researcher | B.pioneer | C.specialist | D.celebrity |
A.playing | B.interacting | C.exploring | D.cooperating |
A.support | B.patience | C.protection | D.contribution |
A.refreshed | B.recognized | C.informed | D.motivated |
A.relax | B.skip | C.quit | D.insist |
6 . A recent survey found children would rather be online influencers than astronauts. It made headlines and led to plenty of complaints about “kids these days”. Is influencing a promising career path? The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues.
Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. However, social media economy experts uncovered a huge income gap between successful influencers and everyone else. For most people trying to become an influencer, their passion projects of content creation often become free work for brands.
Most influencers are self-employed, often experiencing inconsistent income and a lack of protection that comes with long-term employment. The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence of industry standards and little pay transparency(透明度). Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free.
Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms (运算法则) — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media, the threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. If they don’t, they may be “punished” by the algorithm-having posts hidden or displayed lower down on search results.
Constant online presence leads to one of the most common issues in the influencer industry: mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night, which can lead to them overworking. Coupled with the fear of online criticism, it contributes to mental and physical health issues.
Although becoming an influencer may look appealing to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change.
1. What does the underlined word “enticing” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Imaginative | B.Similar | C.Traditional | D.Attractive |
A.Their belief in winning through quantity. |
B.Money paid by the industry is often hidden. |
C.Their eagerness to make their work visible online. |
D.There’re few employment opportunities in the industry. |
A.They are often punished by platforms. |
B.They have little knowledge of platform algorithm. |
C.They find it difficult to create new content constantly. |
D.They have to work out the order of posts to be displayed. |
A.To describe the life of self-employed content creators. |
B.To stress the importance of visibility in the online world. |
C.To reveal relationships between platforms and influencers. |
D.To show the dark side of working as an online content creator. |
1.专栏简介;
2.岗位要求;
3.报名方式和截止时间。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
An English Editor for “Traditional Chinese Culture” Wanted
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8 . The tragedy of the commons is an economic theory which outlines the problems with people sharing collective property versus private ownership. An example of collective property is when employees don’t feel any ownership in the chairs and desks in the office, so they don’t report problems when they occur. However, in private ownership, anything is checked and taken care of. The tragedy of the commons can ruin your business if you’re not careful.
Encourage teamwork. Numerous studies have shown that to employees, self-realization is even more important than money. We can self-realize by feeling like we are a team, jointly committed to a cause.
Hold back the critical. Not everybody is cut out to be an overseer of a business. Some people are just too judgmental or negative. Even if such people have particular skills, you do well to not assign them to oversee others. They can drive everybody crazy.
Welcome feedback. You may notice something is not being taken care of here or there.
A.Plan out management wisely. |
B.Assign tasks evenly among employees. |
C.Create a place for them where they work chiefly alone. |
D.There, however, exist such benefits as mentioned below. |
E.The question then comes: How do you deal with it in a business? |
F.Point it out in a respectful manner and figure out what is going on. |
G.Inspire everyone to take a heartfelt involvement in the business as a whole. |
9 . An online journalist generates news content for distribution over the Internet. As in other forms of journalism, online journalists seek to answer the “Five Ws” of an event: who, what, when, where, why, and also how.
In recent years, the blog has become a widely-accepted platform for reporting and debating news and opinions.
Writing as a freelance(自由投稿的)online journalist can have advantages and disadvantages over more common types of jobs. First, working from home allows a journalist to set her own hours. It also can save on transportation and office expenses.
Online journalists can work with a variety of news services. Many traditional newspapers publish online content, such as The New York Times and USA Today. Some newspapers only publish online content.
A.They can employ online journalists for their websites. |
B.However, online journalists generally do not have regular salaries. |
C.Ordinary news is in a written article format with an objective view. |
D.This may involve conducting research and interviews for their story content. |
E.A bachelor's degree is necessary for those who desire to be online journalists. |
F.Online journalism involves more educational flexibility than traditional journalism. |
G.Online journalists often write blogs to get publishers' and general audiences' attention. |
10 . Plato believed that men are divided into three classes: gold, silver and bronze. Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian economist, argued that “ the vital few” contributed to most progress. Such viewpoints are taboo (禁忌) today in public life. Politicians avoid talking of a “leadership class” or “the vital few”. School recruitment turns away from picking winners. Universities welcome the masses: more people now teach at British universities than attended them in the1950s.
In the private sector things could hardly be more different. The world’s best companies struggle tirelessly to find and keep the vital few. They offer them fat pay packets, extra training, powerful instruction and more challenging assignments. Private-equity (私人股权) firms rely heavily on a few stars. Firms in emerging markets are desperate to find high-flyers who can cope with rapid growth and fast-changing environments.
Few people know more about how companies manage talent than Bill Conaty and RamCharan. Mr. Conaty led the human-resources department at General Electric (GE) for 14years. Mr. Charan has spent the past few decades presenting proposals to some celebrated entrepreneurs (企业家). Their recent book, The Talent Masters, provides. a nice mix of portraits of well-known talent factories, such as GE and Procter & Gamble (P&G).
Successful companies make sure that senior managers are involved with “ talent development”. Jack Welch and A. G. Lafley, former bosses of GE and P&G, claimed that they spent 40% of their time on personnel. Andy Grove, who ra n Intel, a chipmaker, obliged all the senior people, including himself, to spend at least a week a year instructing high-flyers . Nitin Paranjpe, the boss of Hindustan Unilever, recruits people from campuses and regularly visits high-flyers in their offices.
Elitism (精英主义) has its drawbacks. In their rush to classify people, companies can miss potential stars. Those who are singled out for special treatment can become too full of themselves.
1. The change that occurred in British universities reflects that .A.more students enroll for schools |
B.people of today are much cleverer |
C.UK attaches importance to education |
D.elitism in public organizations declines |
A.Potential clients. | B.Faithful employees. |
C.Competent managers. | D.Celebrated politicians. |
A.By listing examples. | B.By classification. |
C.By analyzing causes. | D. By describing a process. |
A.Discrimination in workplaces will get more serious. |
B.Famous companies’ elitism management is worth trying. |
C.The Talent Masters offers advice to some leading bosses. |
D.Elitism may get some potential talented people excluded. |