1 . Books are the most valuable cultural heritage. However, there are many ancient Chinese classics suffering from different degrees of damage due to various reasons.     1    

Bai Yuzhi,a post-90s restorer (修复师) at the Wuhan Library,graduated from Wuhan University in 2016 with a major in restoring ancient books. She is now the fourth generation of restorers at the Wuhan Library, Bai started practicing this technique during her after-class activities at college in 2014.     2     “I’m shy and not good at socializing, so this job suits me very well,” she said

    3     The restoration steps cannot be rushed. When restorers receive an ancient book, their first task is not to directly restore it but to observe it and record the book’s important details. After that, the restorers will open the book,remove every page, and repair it on the back side.     4     It may take one or two days to restore a single page. So it could take at least a month to complete the restoration of a whole book.

Bai has restored about 10,000 pages of ancient books in her over 10 years of work. The most difficult part of the restoration, according to her, is keeping everything under exact control over every stage.     5     If the paste (面糊) is too thin, the repaired pages may easily come off and become broken, which could affect the quality of the restoration. However, if the paste is too thick, the fixed pages will be tough, challenging to open.

With the advancement of science and digital technology, the methods for protecting ancient books have become more various.

2 . How to be a good listener?

In the workplace, people don’t always say what they mean. Learning to become a better listener can greatly improve workplace communication. In addition, many people aren’t born with good listening skills. Even great listeners sometimes focus on something that makes them distracted (分心).     1     Here are several tips.

Don’t interrupt (打断) the speaker until he has finished. Interrupting a conversation wastes time.     2     So save your questions and comments until the speaker finishes talking.

Pay attention while listening.     3     Focus on the speaker’s tone of voice, eye contact, facial expressions and feelings to help you better understand the message.

    4     Use expressions, such as “I see,” “Go on,” “I understand,” and “Yes.” You can also nod your head or smile to give responses (回应) to the speaker. Sometimes you can even ask open-ended questions which encourage the speaker to talk more. For example, “What happened?” or “What are you going to do now?”

The workplace houses many different persons and no matter how kind you are, the possibility exists that someone would cause an unwanted reaction within you.     5     That is especially helpful when you are a starter in the workplace. Besides, good listeners learn from what is being said, so they are able to apply the information to work without making mistakes.

3 . It is commonly thought that productivity involves doing several things at once.     1     Newport, the author of Deep Work, describes the benefits of focusing on one thing and doing it with excellence. He explains deep work as “the ability to focus without distraction on a cognitively (认知地) demanding task.”     2    

According to Newport, deep work is an invaluable skill in today’s economy. It allows you to learn difficult things quickly. Most people are distracted when they work, so if you learn to work without distraction, that gives you an advantage.     3     Developing excellence in one’s craft can be deeply satisfying.

It’s important to schedule deep work into your day. Otherwise, it’s easy to let your time fill up with shallow work. Newport recommends doing deep work as your first task of the day.     4     Shallow work does need to get done, but if you save it for later in the day, you can get your deep work done, too.

Because deep work is by definition cognitively demanding, you won’t be able to do it all day. Beginners can usually only focus on deep work for approximately an hour, and even experts have trouble going more than four hours.     5     If you really focus, you’ll be surprised at how much you accomplish in a few hours.

4 . The workplace can be a perfect breeding-ground for “Misergonia”,also called desk rage (愤怒). It's a condition in which a series of noises and disorders cause people distress.

Sounds are often the trigger for Misergonia. The routine fire-alarm test is a case in point.“Attention please, attention please,” shouts a voice that is impossible to ignore.    1    For example, every office has its share of keyboard thumpers-people whose goal seems to be not producing a document but destroying the equipment.

    2    “This is a point that has already been made,” is how weirdly large numbers of people start to make a point. Why not just say "I don't value your time?"

Small IT failures are a fact of office life, but they can still be soul-destroying. The printer just doesn’t work.    3    Your cursor(光标)is just there, but when you move your mouse towards it, nothing happens.“Either your cursor is in a coma or the battery has run out,” offers up a colleague helpfully. Someone else fills the gap.“This is a point that has already been made.”they begin.

    4    It starts innocently enough, with someone asking for help with a problem. In come one or two replies, and then suddenly, a shower, as if nothing else mattered other than answering this one question. There are replies to replies, and replies to replies to replies. Everyone seems to be enjoying themselves hugely, but there is always a silent, suffering group.

Individual workers have their own triggers. There is no cure for Misergonia. The workplace is a collection of people keeping in touch in different ways. Their habits and noises turn into something familiar for some colleagues but annoying for others.    5    

5 . You may feel your backbreaking and low-paid part-time summer job isn’t worth you effort.     1     Here are some you can enjoy.

When landing a job, you’ll put yourself into unfamiliar territory and learn how to survive and develop there.     2     Whether it’s learning a new skill or dealing with a tough boss, you must rely on yourself for solutions, through which you can build up your self-belief.

Hanging around all summer is a great way to relax, but it won’t contribute to your time management skill.     3     This skill helps you decide what should be accomplished in a day and learn how to handle those things to make it happen, which involves prioritizing, planning and judging how much you can realistically finish. The best way to develop this skill is through practice. With loads of free time, you’ll likely not have to flex your time-management muscles.

    4     Take it easy. Most people change their minds many times before settling on their long-term career. Getting out into the workforce as a waiter at a cafe may not help you see what it’ll be like as a doctor but you’ll figure out whether you like to work with people or whether you can work efficiently under pressure. A summer job helps zero in on your likes and dislikes to evaluate your strengths and resolve your weaknesses.

Chances are that your social circle is comprised of people in your age group. However, in a job, you’ll work with diverse groups of people, from whom you’ll learn varying viewpoints and experiences.     5    

6 . Bruce is a manager who had a team of around 40 people. Most of them were bright, enthusiastic, and hardworking young fellows. This helps to promote their independence.     1     But as a team, they are not so good, which is crucial for the organization.

    2    He invited everyone to a hall for a game consisting of 3 rounds. For the first round, he told everyone to blow a balloon kept on the table and then write their name on it without bursting it, and each of them did it. Then they took a break outside for the second round. Soon after he called them back in, with more balloons scattered around without names on them. He declared that they had 15 minutes to find the balloon with their name written on it.     3    

For the next round, Bruce told them if any team member found a balloon with a name on it, he or she had to give it to the owner of the name. All started searching, and within a couple of minutes everyone had their own balloon with their name on it. Bruce went to the dais and said, “You see, in the second round, no one was able to find their balloons as they were working on individual targets. But in the final round. within a couple of minutes, everyone had the balloon with them.     4    ”

Most of the time, people hide information, avoid collaboration, and distance themselves from their team members.    5    And it also, in the long run, affects the individual. So, everyone in the team should share and work effectively for greater ambition for the team.

8 . My students frequently ask me how I planned out my career to become president of Fidelity Investments. I always tell them, “There was no grand plan; I backed into my career one step at a time.” In this tough economy and ever-changing world, it is more important than ever to smartly evaluate each step in your career. To prepare for whatever surprises lie ahead, try to make choices today that will maximize your options in the future.     1    

Gaining transferable (可转移的) knowledge begins with the choices you make at school. You want your education to provide you with the necessary skills and expertise to succeed in a wide variety of jobs.     2     I favor those that involve extensive writing, rigorous analysis, or quantitative skills.

Once you have finished your formal education, search for jobs that will allow you to further expand your transferable knowledge—to help you find your next job. Let’s say you take a job putting together airplane leases. Within a few years, you could become the world’s expert on the subject.     3     By contrast, if you take a job that will expand your computer programming skills, you can greatly boost your options for later steps in your career.

Remember gaining transferable knowledge is only one piece of the puzzle.     4     As a saying goes, “Organizations don’t hire people. People hire people.” The more people you know, the more people will think of you when a job pops open—even when it is not publicly advertised.

Of course, you can build your network to some degree without changing jobs.     5     But this sort of event-driven networking pales in comparison with the deep bonds you can develop with your colleagues by working, communicating, and traveling with them.

10 . The interview process is a part of nearly all hiring decisions.     1     The process can provide understanding about the attitude and character of the applicant.

Many people try to get interviews after seeing only a short advertisement or posting that gives only the general title and basic requirements of the job.     2       It is also for the candidate to decide whether the job is right for him or her.

    3     Often, interviews are a second or final step of the hiring process, after applications and résumés have been presented. An employer may choose to interview all of the candidates, or a few top applicants that seem to have the most experience. Interviews may be conducted over the phone or in person. Phone interviews may be done to narrow the field to only a few candidates. Since the interview process may take place weeks or months after applications are submitted, phone interviews allow the employer to know whether the applicant is still interested in the job. In-person interviews permit the most detailed examination for both the candidate and the employer.     4    

During the interview process, the employer may ask a variety of questions about the applicant’s motives, ambitions, experience, education, and personality.     5       Some employers may rate or grade applicants based on their answers. Ratings and grades may be weighted depending on the employer and the job. After all interviews are completed, the employer will usually give the job to the person with the highest weighted rating.