1 . Chuck’s Friend
In the movie Cast Away, Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. He is a successful manager in a company that sends mail all over the world. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. Chuck survives (存活) the crash and lands on a deserted island.
On the island, Chuck has to learn to survive all alone. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he calls Wilson.
Chuck learns a lot about himself when he is alone on the island. He realizes that he hasn’t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself. During his five years on the island, Chuck learns how to be a good friend to Wilson. Even though Wilson is just a volleyball, he becomes fond of him. He talks to him and treats him as a friend. Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about. He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends. When he makes friends with Wilson, he understands that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.
A volleyball is certainly an unusual friend. Most of our friends are human beings, but we also make friends with animals and even things. For example, many of us have pets, and we all have favourite objects such as a lucky pen or a diary. The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers. Friendship helps us understand who we are, why we need each other and what we can do for each other.
1. What does Chuck Noland do?(答案不多于5个词)2. After surviving the crash, what is the most difficult challenge for Chuck?(答案不多于5个词)
3. Who is Chuck’s friend?(答案不多于5个词)
4. What does Chuck learn from his friend?(答案不多于10个词)
5. What is mainly talked about in the passage?(答案不多于10个词)
As we live in social groups, there
3 . My 10-year-old Donna said, “Mom, I made a new friend at school today. Can she come over tomorrow?” Donna was a shy girl and I wanted her to make some friends to bring her out of her shell.
“Sure, honey, that sounds great,” I said, thinking back to my own best friend, Lillian. We lived across the street from each other in Washington Heights, New York. We met at the age of 10, too. Like my daughter, I was shy, but Lillian drew me out. She was one of the friendliest people in school, with shiny black hair and a mile-wide smile. I knew we would be best friends forever.
In senior high school, Lillian went on a trip to Florida. That was the first time we had to be away from each other for a few days. “I’ll be back soon,” she told me. But three days later, Lillian’s sister told me that she had fallen into a river and hadn’t come out any more. I got depressed for a long time. Soon, my family moved to New Jersey. Whenever I thought of her, tears came into my eyes.
The next day Donna brought her new friend home. “Hi, Mrs. Loggia,” the little girl said. Her hair was so shiny and black and she flashed me a big smile, “My name is Laura.”
My daughter’s new friend was so much like Lillian. I was still puzzled when Laura’s mom came to pick her up later that afternoon. I opened the door to let her in. “Judy!” she cried. “It’s me, Lillian’s sister, from Washington Heights.” Yes, my daughter’s friend looked familiar. She was Lillian’s niece.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined words in Paragraph 2?| A．Invited me to go shopping. |
| B．Drew pictures with me outside. |
| C．Helped me out of a locked room. |
| D．Made me more outgoing than before. |
| A．She always missed Lillian. |
| B．She met Laura in Washington Heights. |
| C．She preferred Laura to her own daughter. |
| D．She moved to New Jersey because of Lillian’s death. |
| A．A Terrible Trip |
| B．A Shy Daughter |
| C．A Best Friend |
| D．A Familiar Niece |
4 . When school started on that warm August day, I threw myself into everything I did, including playing volleyball. I decided to become beautiful, or at the very least, skinny. I stopped eating completely. Soon I began losing weight, which thrilled me, and I even grew to love the tiredness and lightheadedness that came with my poor diet, for those feelings meant that I was winning.
As the season progressed, things had become tense between my head volleyball coach, Coach Smith, and me. She felt that something was wrong with my health. She talked with me about my eating and was angry that I wouldn’t listen to her when she tried to make me eat. She tried to persuade me in a determined way and so we fought constantly. Then my hunger started to affect my performance. I was so tired that practice and games were becoming a struggle. One afternoon, with hurt in her eyes, Coach Smith asked me what I had eaten and I told her nothing yet, but I was going to. She looked at me, disappointment in her eyes, knowing she couldn’t make me stop, and walked away.
A couple of weeks later I attended a formal dinner for our volleyball team. I stood there as my coach managed to say something nice about me. I realized then that I had ruined my senior year by being disrespectful, and I had probably ruined hers as well. So that evening I wrote her a letter apologizing and thanking her.
Then one Saturday, as I was reading in the library, I felt someone gently take my arm and say softly, “Lynn Jones, how are you doing?” I looked up and saw the familiar face. “Thanks for the letter,” she said. “It meant a lot.”
When I think of a coach, I think of someone above me, someone who gives instruction-not a friend. But Coach Smith is different, and, like any other good friend, she dealt with my problem in a determined way even when I hated her for it at that time. I didn’t deserve her kindness, but she gave it anyway. I will forever be grateful for her help, and now for her friendship.
1. How did the author feel when the author ate a poor diet and had a sense of tiredness?| A．Ashamed | B．Proud | C．Funny | D．Nervous |
| A．she refused to go on a diet. | B．she caused failure of her team. |
| C．she changed the training course. | D．she kept her idea of losing weight. |
| A．She felt sorry for eating too little food. |
| B．She decided to improve her performance. |
| C．She was grateful for Smith’s care for her health. |
| D．She wanted to build a close relationship with Smith. |
| A．Unexpected Friendship | B．A Fight with My Coach |
| C．A Strict Volleyball Coach | D．My Way of Losing Weight |
5 . Friendships can be equally demanding and rewarding, whether you’ve been friends for a long time or have just started communicating with one another.
You can text each other frequently. Texting is a great way to keep up with each other’s daily events and routines. Although you may be apart from one another, texting is a great way to get immediate access to each other’s lives.
You can mail each other handwritten letters. Sending handwritten letters is a great way to keep connected while also adding a personal and thoughtful touch. Taking the time to write a letter shows your appreciation for the relationship.
| A．You can plan a visit when possible. |
| B．You can find things you can do together while apart. |
| C．So it’s in your best interest to stay in touch with your friends. |
| D．Handwriting their birthday card every year is a smart choice. |
| E．It can also be an opportunity to learn more about each other’s experiences. |
| F．There are many effective ways to keep in touch, stay connected and develop your friendship. |
| G．For example, you can watch the same shows at the same time and share feelings afterwards. |
6 . Dogs greet other dogs’ noses first, sniffing (嗅) each other from head to tail. People are not so open about the process of sniffing, but smell is important in human relations, too. There is also evidence that humans can infer relationship and emotional states and even discover disease through smell.
Now, Inbal Ravreby, Kobi Snitz and Noam Sobel of the Weizmann Institute of Science have gone a step further. As they report in Science Advances, the three researchers started their first experiment by testing the smells of 20 pairs of familiar and same-sex friends. They employed an electronic nose (e-nose) and two groups of human “smellers”.
The e-nose used a set of gas sensors to assess T-shirts worn by participants. One group of human smellers were given pairs of these shirts and asked to rate how similar they smelt. Those in the other group were asked to rate the smells of individual T-shirts on five dimensions (维度): pleasantness, intensity, attractiveness, competence and warmth. Both approaches produced the same result. The T-shirts of friends smelt more similar to each other than did the T-shirts of strangers.
Does friendship cause similarity of smell, or does similarity of smell cause friendship? The three researchers investigated whether there were positive interactions between strangers by using the e-nose measurement. They collected the smells of another 17 volunteers with e-nose, and then asked the participants to play a mirroring game.
That game involved silently mirroring another individual’s hand movements, Participants were paired up by chance and their reactions were recorded. After each interaction, they demonstrated how close they felt to their fellow gamer by overlapping two circles (one representing themselves, the other their partner). The more similar the two electronic smell signatures were, the greater the overlap. Participants also rated the quality of their interaction in the game along 12 dimensions of feelings that define friendship, Similar smells were consistent with positive ratings for nine of these dimensions. However, two participants smelling alike did not mean they were any more accurate at the mirroring game than others.
Why smell might play a role in forming friendships remains obscure. Other qualities related to being friends, including age, appearance, and education, are either immediately obvious or rapidly become so. But while some individuals have strong body smell, many do not. It is present. But it is subliminal (潜意识的). Dr Ravreby guesses that there may be “an evolutionary advantage in having friends that are genetically similar to us”. Body smell is known to be linked with genetic make-up. Smelling similar to others may thus allow subliminal inferences about genetic similarity to be drawn.
1. What can we learn from the first experiment?
| A．Friends smell like one another. |
| B．Friends tend to sniff each other. |
| C．The smell can be judged on five dimensions. |
| D．The T-shirts of friends smell the same to each other. |
| A．enrich the dimensions that define friendship |
| B．prove strangers smell more alike after positive interactions |
| C．test whether strangers can develop friendship in the process |
| D．explore the relationship between similarity of smell and friendship |
| A．Unacceptable. | B．Unchanged. | C．Unclear. | D．Unrealistic. |
| A．Body smells have effects on genetic make-up |
| B．People who have similar smells may have similar genes. |
| C．Body smells become similar after people becoming friends. |
| D．Two participants smelling alike performed better in the game than others. |
1.你的观点及理由；
2.你的建议。
注意：词数100左右。
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8 . How to Get Along With Friends
Friendships can have a major impact on your health and happiness, but it’s not always easy to develop friendships. The following are some tips for you.
Be positive
Listening helps you learn about your friends and support them when they need it. Give your friends your full attention, and make mental notes about the important things in their lives—like the names of their loved ones, things they like and major things that have happened or are happening in their lives.
Make time for each other
Spending time with your friends has a huge impact, whether it’s for a few minutes or for several hours.
Calmly discuss problems one-on-one
If your friends are doing something that’s bothering you, it doesn’t help to give them the silent treatment or leave them out. Instead, talk to them one-on-one about what’s bothering you, and calmly share how you feel about it. For example, if your friends have given you an embarrassing (令人尴尬的) nickname, pull them aside and say, “I know you’re trying to be funny, but when you call me that, I get really embarrassed.
| A．Listen to them |
| B．Please don’t call me that |
| C．Focusing on the upside makes you a better friend |
| D．If you answer telephone calls only during certain hours |
| E．If your friend shares something that they’re struggling with |
| F．Talking directly to your friend is the best way to solve an issue |
| G．Schedule fun activities with your friends, or just find time to talk for a while |
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop.
From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.”
Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.
Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore.
“Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.”
“If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others.
Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”
1. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore?2. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
4. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words)
10 . Jeffrey Hall, a teacher of Communications from the University of Kansas (KU) , has used his research to define the exact amount of time necessary to make friends with someone. He's also found how long it will take to deepen a relationship. His new study found that it takes around 50 hours of time together to go from being someone's acquaintance to casual friend. It takes about 90 hours to go from being casual friends to friends, and more than 200 hours before considering someone a close friend or best friend.
But it isn't spending just any kind of time together that deepens a friendship—hours spent working together, for example, don't count as much as hours spent getting to know someone by hanging out, joking around, playing video games, and doing more playful activities. The study explains that these kinds of activities help us to form a deeper connection with someone. “We have to put that time in，” Hall said. “You can't make friends without any effort.”
The results of the study come from analysis of 355 responses to an online survey from adults who said they had moved in the last six months and were looking for new friends in their new environment. Survey participants were asked about new relationships as well as hours spent together and activities they did. They were then asked to rate their resulting relationships according to one of four stages: acquaintance, casual friend, friend and close friend.
The main conclusion that Hall came to is that making close friends takes serious effort. So if you want to have some best friends, you have to know that spending time with someone is the most important thing.
1. How long does it take to turn an acquaintance into a friend?| A．About 50 hours. |
| B．About 90 hours. |
| C．About 140 hours. |
| D．About 200 hours. |
| A．Time spent working together. |
| B．Time spent finding new friends. |
| C．Time spent helping a new friend. |
| D．Time spent doing fun things together. |
| A．Trying to understand your friend's feelings. |
| B．Enjoying quality time with your friend. |
| C．Treating a new friend like a close one. |
| D．Being generous to your friend. |
| A．To solve a relationship problem. |
| B．To introduce a teacher from KU. |
| C．To present the findings of a new study. |
| D．To discuss the importance of friendship. |
