1 . Meeting strangers is probably one of most people’s biggest fears, only second to speaking in front of a crowd. Thankfully, it doesn’t have to be an experience as scary as you might think.
Go out alone. Don’t always go to events with a friend or family member.
Don’t be embarrassed if you’re visibly nervous. If your voice cracks or your handshake is sweaty, laugh it off. If you’re an amateur comedian and can make it into a joke, point it out and get people laughing with you. If it’s something that makes you feel less confident, just ignore it. Everyone gets nervous sometimes, so push past and continue on with the conversation.
A.Start by introducing yourself. |
B.Encourage people to talk about themselves. |
C.People can come to you when you’re alone. |
D.By going alone, you’re forced to meet other people. |
E.Don’t let it embarrass you enough that you have to walk away. |
F.These few easy tips will help you talk with strangers more comfortably. |
G.If you get someone talking about their interests, eventually you’ll see their true personalities come out. |
2 . How to communicate effectively?
No matter your age or background, effective communication is a valuable skill. It’s also a skill that everyone can learn. Knowing how to communicate well comes in handy when it’s time for a heart-to-heart chat with a friend. Skillful communication can even turn a potential fight into a productive talk. The finest leaders have always been good communicators, whether in education, business or politics.
Remove distraction.
Turn off the television, laptop and any other electronics that could distract from communication. If a call or text comes through on your cellphone when you are talking or listening to someone, turn it off without looking at it.
Never try to be amusing at the expense of other people. Whether you mean to or not, disrespecting others will hurt the communication process. If you’re unsure if something is appropriate, you probably shouldn’t say it.
Communicate eye-to-eye.
Eye contact is the most important form of body language. It shows interest and helps convince people that you can be trusted. During a conversation, it is important to meet others’eyes, using just as much eye contact as feels natural.
Use “I” messages.
When raising concerns, try to start your sentences with “I” instead of “You”, stating clearly how you feel about the situation rather than blaming others. Instead of saying “You’re sloppy,” you might say, “I’m really uncomfortable surrounded by clutter like this. Is there something we can do to deal with it to keep it from being a problem?” “ I”messages improve the chances that listeners will consider your point of view.
Effective communication is a powerful tool that is useful in almost any situation.
A.There are some exceptions, though. |
B.Organize and clarify ideas in your mind. |
C.Be respectful of other beliefs and cultures. |
D.Interrupting a conversation shows a lack of respect. |
E.With some practice, you can learn how to communicate well, too. |
F.It’s important to choose a setting that makes everyone comfortable. |
G.Developing this skill will improve your relationships everywhere you go. |
Living with other people can be difficult, especially when each person comes from a different background and has their own ideas about how they want to live. Though having a roommate can be challenging at times, it can also be enjoyable and fun.
You can discuss your expectations ahead of time. Get together before or on the first day you move in together and talk about what each of you needs and wants from the other.
You should agree to respect each other’s privacy. This is especially important.
You can also be considerate of your roommate in your life. Understand what’s going on in your roommate’s life. You should aim to be flexible and accommodating. Your roommate may have a big test coming up.
A.You can discuss each of your preferences for privacy. |
B.Spending time with your roommate is also important. |
C.This is your best chance to set boundaries with your roommate. |
D.Make sure that everyone is clear on the rules and responsibilities. |
E.This is what you should know to respect your roommate’s privacy. |
F.Then in this case you should probably be quiet and let them study. |
G.The following steps will help you live in harmony with your roommate. |
4 . Researchers set up an experiment in which 5-year-olds were tested with their fellows under different circumstances of transparency (透明) and different audiences. They set up a sticker machine that in some settings was transparent, and other settings in which only the giver of stickers knew how many stickers he could give. They had children give out stickers in both settings. The results were striking: children were consistently generous only when the receiver and audience of the stickers were fully aware of the donation options. Children were notably ungenerous when the receiver of stickers couldn’t see the options.
The researchers said, “Children only showed consistently pro-social behavior in our study in the condition when they could see the receiver and their allocations (分配物) were fully visible; in all other conditions, children were statistically ungenerous, giving the receiver the smaller amount of stickers.”
They made the conclusions that at a very early age, children are learning how to position themselves socially. Well before they apprehend the sociology of their networks and what social reputation really means, they think strategically about giving as a function of how they can gain a reputation with a peer as a generous citizen or pro-social agent when the receiver observes them.
Children change their behavior in response to having an audience. Help children give to others in full view, delivering meals to families, and in private, dropping off treats or surprises for those who need support without signing their names. Also, children should be reminded that thank-you notes are lovely but unnecessary to receive. When we give gifts or lend help to others, try to help children remember why—to provide something for another. It really doesn’t have to be recognized. When a thank-you card doesn’t come, it doesn’t make a gift any less valuable or meaningful for those who were lucky enough to receive.
1. What did the researchers discover?A.The givers’ behavior greatly inspired the receivers to help in return. |
B.The children gave out an equal number of stickers in both settings. |
C.The presence of an audience affected children’s decisions to give. |
D.Donating helped children to become more generous in the future. |
A.Observing the givers. | B.Donating more stickers. |
C.Gaining a reputation. | D.Receiving more allocations. |
A.Share. | B.Predict. | C.Confirm. | D.Understand. |
A.To suggest recognizing others’ kindness. | B.To acknowledge the giver’s contribution. |
C.To confirm the benefits of being grateful. | D.To advise inspiring generosity in children. |
5 . We’ve all been in a position where life gets busy, schedules are difficult to coordinate and connecting with friends feels harder than ever. With some friendships, we may lose touch and want to reconnect. However,the more time that passes, the more uncertain it can feel if they want to hear from us.
A recent study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology says it’s time to reach out. Researchers found numerous benefits when reaching out to friends and old acquaintances. Especially if you’re unsure of how well they’ll receive hearing from you. The study, led by Dr Peggy Liu, is called The Surprise of Reaching Out: Appreciated More Than We Think. In the study, researchers posed the question: Do people accurately understand how much other people value being reached out to by someone in their social circle? To answer this question, researchers carried out 13 experiments with more than 5,900 participants. In the experiments, researchers measured how much people estimated their friends or acquaintances would appreciate them reaching out versus how much those on the receiving end did appreciate it. They also examined different forms of communication-phone calls, texts, emails, notes or even small gifts—and their impact.
Over the series of experiments, experts discovered a similar trend: those reaching out significantly underestimated how much their friends would appreciate hearing from them. Plus, the more unexpected the communication was, the more the friend on the receiving end appreciated it. “People are fundamentally social beings and enjoy connecting with others,” the researchers wrote.
In fact, what made these moments of reaching out so impactful was the effort they showed—no matter the form of communication. Dr Amie Gordon, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan, emphasises the importance of small moments and making efforts in relationships in a Psychology Today article. “In a busy life, these little moments might feel just like that—little moments that don’t really matter ... But each moment we ignore is a missed opportunity to connect and build up an emotional bank of positive moments.”
The science is clear—people appreciate the effort we put into our friendships. And we greatly underestimate it. One phenomenon that may explain why those who reached out underestimated their positive impact is because of “the liking gap”. Psychologist Terri Apter writes in Psychology Today that the liking gap is a tendency to “how we often underestimate other’s responses to us”, and the reality that other people like us more than we may think.
1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______.A.state some disturbing problems |
B.present the background of the following topic |
C.introduce the theme of his argument |
D.make comparisons between different opinions |
A.The way of communication matters in reconnecting with friends. |
B.An unexpected calling to an acquaintance will not be highly valued. |
C.People tend to appreciate hearing from friends more than reaching out to them. |
D.We are more well-liked and well-received than we expect in our friendships. |
A.To present the discovery of the study. |
B.To support the findings theoretically. |
C.To explain the causes of losing friendships. |
D.To make suggestions about the topic. |
A.Estimate Friendships in a Scientific Way |
B.Appreciate Being Reached Out to by friends |
C.Remove the Misunderstanding between Friends |
D.Don’t Hesitate to Reconnect with Your Old Friends |
6 . Many of us use longer words in place of shorter ones. People think, if I can show that I have a good vocabulary, I’ll sound smarter.
Make eye contact. If someone looks at you while you’re talking, you’re more likely to think he or she is smart. Good eye contact means the other person is responsive to what you are doing or saying.
Strike a power pose. How open or closed your posture is conveys how open or closed you are to others. Openness can convey confidence.
Avoid pauses. Confidence is as noticeable in your voice as it is in your body language. As you have probably noticed from watching any public event or business meeting, the “winner” of the talk is usually the person who speaks most energetically and fluently.
A.Plan ahead. |
B.Feel prepared. |
C.Frequently stopping for a while make you sound unsure of yourself. |
D.The problem with this plan is that it can easily go wrong. |
E.The confidence displayed on a person is the key to his success. |
F.If he doesn`t respond, maybe it means what you`re saying is dull. |
G.Sit up straight and leave your arms widely spread on the table or at your sides. |
7 . Listening heals hurts and builds bridges. It gives us the ability to understand and view the world from our own point.
As it turns out, effective listening is actually a combination of two key communication skills: listening and confirming. As an effective listener, your goal is to hear and absorb what another has to say.
This is much easier said than done, so here are a few helpful tips:
•Give the speaker your full attention.
•Be patient.
Not everyone is a gifted speaker. Some people take longer to find the right word to make a point. Others are too worried to get their message across properly.
·
If what someone is saying creates an emotional response in you, make an extra effort to listen carefully. When we' re angry, frightened or upset, we often miss key parts of what is being said.
·Hold your fire.
Don't jump to conclusions immediately.
A.Never hide your true emotion. |
B.Keep your emotions in check. |
C.Only then can you respond properly. |
D.Stop talking and remove all distractions. |
E.If necessary, ask the speaker to explain further. |
F.You can take a moment to stand in the other person's shoes. |
G.A good listener doesn't react until comprehension is complete. |
8 . You can be hurt by other people in life. That is a fact. And some of those hurts can even leave scars that affect how you think, act and relate to others.
Remember you can’t please every single person especially a critical one.
Refuse to fight back. When we are hurt, the instant reaction is to fight back.
It cannot be denied that dealing with other people effectively is one of the most important things you can learn in life. After you’ve mastered that you’re about 95 percent down the road to finding happiness.
A.No one can do that. |
B.Choose emotionally healthy friends. |
C.Also, the deepest wounds are caused by rejection. |
D.Realize that you don’t need others’ approval to be happy. |
E.You should firmly believe you are happy as you choose to be. |
F.Then how do you handle the people who send you into depression? |
G.However, striking back only lowers you to the opponent’s level of immaturity. |
9 . The secrets of successful listening
“When people talk, listen completely.” Those words of Ernest Hemingway might be a pretty good guiding principle for many managers, as might the saying by Zeno of Citium, a Greek philosopher, “We have two ears and one mouth, so we should listen more than we say.”
Some firms use a technique known as a “listening circle”.
Listening has been critical to the career of Richard Mullender, who was a hostage (人质) negotiator, dealing with everything from suicide (自杀) prevention to international crimes. He defines listening as “the identification, selection and comprehension of the key words”.
A good listener is always looking for facts, emotions and indications of the speaker’s values. Another important point to bear in mind is that, when you talk, you are not listening. The listener’s focus should be on analysis.
A.It is vital to all effective communication. |
B.However, a listener needs to speak occasionally. |
C.For people like listening to others. |
D.That gives the other party a sense that they are being understood. |
E.Therefore, a listener shouldn’t just listen. |
F.In it participants are encouraged to talk openly and honestly. |
G.For people like being listened to. |
10 . If you come across two drivers who stop in the middle of the road in this richly forested island community, they’re probably arguing — about how to improve the local fairgrounds (游乐场), or property taxes, or the teen drop-in center. They argue about everything in South Whidbey, Washington, and that’s a good thing.
“Don’t bother to honk your horn (按喇叭),” resident Susan Knickerbocker says. “When they’re done, they’ll be done. They won’t move before that, so you just wait it out.”
This frequent scene is one sign that people care deeply about their town. “We argue passionately about where we want our community to go,” says Josh Burnett, who writes for the South Whidbey Record. “But at the end of the day, we’ll all say hi and shake hands at the farmers’ market on the weekend.”
That love for debate — passionate and constructive — has made South Whidbey residents intensely proud. Because, as stubborn as they are, everyone gets to work. That’s how they have created a first-class food bank and a no-kill animal shelter; developed new methods for residents to make — and accept — donations of veterinary (兽医的) services, oil changes, and advice on paying medical bills; and more. One group of volunteers is well-known for rescuing abused horses.
Another resident, Linda Briere, wrote on the Reader’s Digest Facebook page, “The love of country, joy of living, and the let-the-other guy-live-but-with-a-helping-hand make me proud.”
Of course, working for the greater good is what many communities do. What’s unusual about South Whidbey is that residents pull together despite the kinds of cultural differences that make progress difficult in so many other parts of the country. South Whidbey is home to sizable populations of farmers, artists, Christians, retired vets, Republicans, Democrats, and independents, and the clash (碰撞) of ideas inspires them.
The one thing they never disagree on is that their island is profoundly special.
1. How does the writer lead in Para.1?A.By making comparisons. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By providing statistics. | D.By offering possibilities. |
A.Give suggestions. | B.Wait until they finish. |
C.Ask them to shake hands. | D.Prevent them from fighting. |
A.Passionate for their hometown. | B.Proud of farmer’s market. |
C.Satisfied with their property taxes. | D.Ridiculous in their behavior. |
A.Its beautifully forested surrounding. |
B.Some people with different cultures. |
C.The special feature of the community. |
D.Its brief history and different customs. |