2 . Most of us are already aware of the direct effect we have on our friends and family. But we rarely consider that everything we think, feel, do, or say can spread far beyond the people we know. Conversely(相反地), our friends and family serve as conduits(渠道) for us to be influenced by hundreds or even thousands of other people. In a kind of social chain reaction, we can be deeply affected by events we do not witness that happen to people we do not know. As part of a social network, we go beyond ourselves, for good or ill, and become a part of something much larger.

Our connectedness carries with it fundamental implications(影响) for the way we understand the human condition. Social networks have value precisely because they can help us to achieve what we could not achieve on our own. Yet, social­network effects are not always positive. Depression, obesity, financial panic, and violence also spread. Social networks, it turns out, tend to magnify(放大) whatever they are seeded with.

Partly for this reason, social networks are creative. And what these networks create does not belong to any one individual—it is shared by all those in the network. In this way, a social network is like a commonly owned forest: We all stand to benefit from it, but we also must work together to ensure it remains healthy and productive. While social networks are fundamentally and distinctively human, and can be seen everywhere, they should not be taken for granted.

If you are happier or richer or healthier than others, it may have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network, even if you cannot recognize your own location. And it may have a lot to do with the overall structure of the network, even if you cannot control that structure at all. And in some cases, the process feeds back to the network itself. A person with many friends may become rich and then attract even more friends. This rich­get­richer dynamic means social networks can dramatically reinforce two different kinds of inequality in our society: situational inequality and positional inequality.

Lawmakers have not yet considered the consequences of positional inequality. Still, understanding the way we are connected is an essential step in creating a more just society and in carrying out public policies affecting everything from public health to the economy. We might be better off vaccinating(接种疫苗) centrally located individuals rather than weak individuals. We might be better off helping interconnected groups of people to avoid criminal behaviour rather than preventing or punishing crimes one at a time.

If we want to understand how society works, we need to fill in the missing links between individuals. We need to understand how interconnections and interactions between people give rise to wholly new aspects of human experience that are not present in the individuals themselves. If we do not understand social networks, we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.

1. Why is a social network like a commonly owned forest?

A．It remains healthy and productive.

B．What it creates can be enjoyed by everyone in the network.

C．It is creative and shared by people in the whole society.

D．It tends to magnify negative things.

2. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that ________.

A．whether we are richer depends on the number of friends we make

B．the wealth we possess has nothing to do with individual continuous efforts

C．sometimes our success may be largely due to our position in social networks

D．we won't succeed unless we fully control the overall structure of the network

3. What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A．To introduce the characteristics of social networks.

B．To urge people to understand how our society works.

C．To show the significance of understanding social networks.

D．To explain the possible consequences of ignoring social networks.

4. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?

A．We can't be easily affected by strangers.

B．We have negative effects on other social members.

C．We are connected and form a social network.

D．We will not make a difference in a specific group.

4 . When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,we usually say＂sorry,wrong number!" and move on. But when Dennis Williams_________ a text clearly not intended for him, he did something _________. On March 19, Dennis got a group text _________ him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital,expecting the arrival of a baby.

＂Congratulations!But I think someone was mistaken,"Dennis _________.The baby was born and update texts were _________ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother,Teresa.In her _________,she didn't seem to realize that she was sharing the baby's photos with a complete stranger. "Well, I don't _________ you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,"replied Dennis before asking which room the new _________were in.

Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his _________!He turned up at the hospital ____________ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey' s husband was totally astonished by the unexpected visitor."I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we ____________it and the gifts."

Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website ____________by the touching words:"What a ____________ this young man was to our family! He was so ____________ and kind to do this."The post has since gained the ____________ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184, 000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.

1.

A．polished

B．translated

C．viewed

D．received

2.

A．familiar

B．practical

C．special

D．urgent

3.

A．reminding

B．informing

C．convincing

D．impressing

4.

A．predicted

B．interrupted

C．responded

D．repeated

5.

A．passing down

B．setting out

C．coming in

D．moving around

6.

A．excitement

B．anxiety

C．opinion

D．effort

7.

A．accept

B．bother

C．believe

D．know

8.

A．patients

B．doctors

C．parents

D．visitors

9.

A．dream

B．principle

C．schedule

D．promise

10.

A．opening

B．collecting

C．bearing

D．making

11.

A．appreciate

B．need

C．admit

D．expect

12.

A．confirmed

B．accompanied

C．clarified

D．simplified

13.

A．coincidence

B．problem

C．relief

D．blessing

14.

A．sweet

B．calm

C．smart

D．fair

15.

A．sympathy

B．trust

C．control

D．attention

5 . An act of kindness doesn't have to be a grand gesture. Even those small acts of kindness can make a difference in someone's day. That was just the case for Amie Mickey when she____________a bumper sticker on her car reading: You Matter.

Amie started to do this several years ago. At first, she wondered if people would________________it. However, much to her surprise, she began seeing a flood of____________every time she hit the road. More often than not, people________________slowly near her car would roll down their windows, raising their____________________,waving and smiling. Sometimes, she even found some sticky notes left on her windshield saying things like “You________________too! “Once while she was driving down the highway, she became____________when a man driving a sports car at a high speed pulled his car alongside suddenly, waving and mouthing, “You matter!” Though it took her some time to recover from the________________, she still felt happy. Last year, someone____________________her car while she was waiting for her friend in the car by the roadside, saying to her, “It is a(an)________________sticker. I’ve seen various stickers before, but none of them have touched me as your sticker has done. “The two small words on the sticker seem simple enough, but they really struck a chord with many complete strangers who___________to catch sight of the sticker.

Stories like Amie's really________________the rest of us. Sometimes a kind word or gesture may lift our____________and it doesn't cost a thing except for a little extra thought. Maybe it means offering a friend a hug, praising the children when their children________________well in school, helping someone out or volunteering at animal shelters or shelters for the homeless. Acts of kindness are waiting everywhere. Small as they seem, they can make a____________impact on the world, and help form general goodness.

1.

A．tore up

B．picked up

C．fixed up

D．put up

2.

A．watch

B．overlook

C．notice

D．neglect

3.

A．attention

B．strangers

C．confusion

D．trouble

4.

A．running

B．driving

C．walking

D．riding

5.

A．voices

B．hats

C．shoulders

D．thumbs

6.

A．count

B．share

C．value

D．matter

7.

A．frightened

B．frustrated

C．embarrassed

D．disappointed

8.

A．parking

B．speed

C．incident

D．event

9.

A．approached

B．blocked

C．repaired

D．cleaned

10.

A．important

B．special

C．typical

D．skeptical

11.

A．happened

B．occurred

C．managed

D．offered

12.

A．shock

B．inspire

C．delight

D．satisfy

13.

A．feelings

B．thoughts

C．spirits

D．minds

14.

A．work

B．exercise

C．conduct

D．behave

15.

A．reliable

B．subjective

C．positive

D．brief

6 . Jake and Max Klein are twin brothers who have a passion for volunteering. Their family have always done community _______ .At a young age, they chose to _______ family's gifts at their birthday parties, but asked them to donate money to a charity. When they were seven, Jake and Max were interested in _______ with a family friend at the local homeless shelter to help cook. _________， he turned them down because they were too _______ and they had to be fourteen to cook. This led them on an endless _______ to come up with a way to help other kids who were also facing a _______ challenging: wanting to help but _______ because of their age.

So, Kids That Do Good was _______ to show ways to kids or adults, at any age, they could join the community and make a ________ .The small ________ has grown into a large website that brings thousands of ________ visitors each year. Jake and Max say that their website brings 35,000 unique viewers, of those viewers, Kids That Do Good has ________ kids to 16,000 organizations.

Jake and Max are ________ with school and after-class activities and other community service promises. Kids That Do Good also has blog posts that advise kids on ________ their own charitable event.

1.

A．surveys

B．services

C．duties

D．businesses

2.

A．sort out

B．play with

C．give up

D．put away

3.

A．travelling

B．volunteering

C．cooking

D．recycling

4.

A．Unfortunately.

B．Happily

C．Honestly

D．Gratefully

5.

A．shy

B．awkward

C．weak

D．young

6.

A．task

B．ability

C．chance

D．determination

7.

A．public

B．similar

C．sharp

D．direct

8.

A．joked

B．blamed

C．denied

D．praised

9.

A．advised

B．allowed

C．named

D．created

10.

A．judgment

B．difference

C．comment

D．decision

11.

A．plan

B．effort

C．project

D．experiment

12.

A．pleased

B．satisfied

C．amazed

D．interested

13.

A．connected

B．exposed

C．contributed

D．attracted

14.

A．familiar

B．patient

C．busy

D．content

15.

A．remembering

B．describing

C．celebrating

D．building