1 . We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can say they’ve never told a lie?
We’ve surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal that we don’t like. Most of us of course lie that the food is “delicious”. Or we may tell a friend their new haircut is “great!”, even if we think it’s awful. Why?
One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to make others feel better.
Finally, we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news. If you’ve had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”?
We may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing?
A.But to what degree can we tell white lies? |
B.Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement. |
C.Perhaps we comfort ourselves that most of our lies are “white lies”. |
D.If the latter (后者), wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice? |
E.As we can see, honesty is the best policy, so never ever tell a lie, even if it is a white lie. |
F.How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news? |
G.However, when we lie that someone’s haircut looks "good"or that the meal is “delicious”, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else? |
2 . Teens who have good, supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults, according to research published by an American research center.
“This research suggests that improving students’ relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success,” said Jinho Kim, a professor at Korea University and author of the study. “It could also bring about health implications in the long run.” Previous research has suggested that teens’ social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal (因果的) — it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood. Also, most research has focused on teens’ relationships with their peers (同龄人), rather than on their relationships with teachers.
To explore those questions further, Kim analyzed data on nearly 20, 000 participants from the Add Health study, a national study in the U. S. that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood. The participant pool included more than 3, 400 pairs of siblings (兄弟姐妹). As teens, participants answered questions, like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers?” As adults, participants were asked about their physical and mental health.
Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. However, when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together, only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant.
The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students. “This is not something that most teachers receive much training in,” Kim said, “but it should be.”
1. What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Recipes. | B.Habits. | C.Risks. | D.Benefits. |
A.Poor health in adolescence. | B.Teens’ relationships with their peers. |
C.Limitations of the previous research. | D.Factors affecting health in adulthood. |
A.Positive student-teacher relationship helps students’ adult health. |
B.Good family background promises long-term adult health. |
C.Healthy peer relationships leads to students’ academic success. |
D.Good adult health depends on teens’ good teachers. |
A.A medical report. | B.A health magazine. | C.A term paper. | D.A family survey. |
3 . Humans, by nature, have always lived in groups and social interaction is fundamental for every part of our health. Lack of it can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness. A strong support network and solid community bonds promote our emotional and physical health, and are critical components of a balanced adult life. However, just as with many other aspects of our lives, there seems to be a limit to how large our personal networks can grow.
Back in 1992, a British scholar named Robin Dunbar came up with a hypothetical (假设的) number defining the maximum sum of meaningful human relationships a person can have. The number, which was later named after him, was discovered accidentally while he was studying the cleaning and brushing tendencies — a social behavior —of non-human primates (灵长类动物). Around that time, researchers had discovered that the large brain of these primates was a result of their socially complex societies. The relevance was that the larger the brain, the larger the animal's social group was likely to be. Scientists could then theoretically use an animal's brain size to calculate how many members could make up this group. Dunbar applied this theory to humans, and the resulting number was roughly 150.
Dunbar's Number, however, only refers to the limit of meaningful contacts within our social network. It does not account for other relationships. Human social relationships tend to have numerous layers, and extend outward from the individual in circles with the same centre. The innermost circle contains five people: our loved ones. The next circle holds of our good friends. The third circle is reserved for people we consider friends, and the fourth is where the limit of 150 can be found. Nowadays, with various forms of electronic communication, such as websites for social networking and microblogging people find it very convenient to create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other contents. Consequently, it is possible for a human to get into the fifth (500acquainitances) circle, an impressive breakthrough that was difficult to achieve in the past.
1. What can be learned about Dunbar's Number in Paragraph 2?A.It is confirmed by the social reality. |
B.It serves as an accurate measurement. |
C.It is backed by a certain theoretical basis. |
D.It establishes links between health and network. |
A. | B. |
C. | D. |
A.Human brains are becoming bigger and bigger. |
B.Social media have contributed to the phenomenon. |
C.Meaningful contacts grow significantly with age. |
D.People are eager to improve every aspect of their lives. |
A.Group Living: A Solution to Health Problems |
B.Dunbar's Theory: A Ladder to Career Success |
C.Social Network: A Soured of Endless Pleasure |
D.Dunbar's Number: A Measure of Social Relations |
4 . Individuals with social intelligence can sense how other people feel, know clearly what to say in social situations and appear confident even in a larger crowd. You might think of these folks as having “people skills”, but what they truly possess is social intelligence.
People who are socially intelligent display core traits (核心、特质) that help them communicate and connect with others.
Some people may seem to develop social intelligence without really trying.
A.They are usually effective listeners. |
B.Social intelligence isn’t easy to master. |
C.But others have to work to develop it. |
D.They don’t directly reject another person’s ideas. |
E.And remember that you can mess up sometimes. |
F.Develop your social intelligence by working on your communication skills. |
G.Lack of arguing is another important trait that people with social intelligence exhibit. |
There is immense value in stepping out of your comfort zone and making a change to your life that you truly want to happen. This not only creates your
The first step is to change your words. Your words-whether spoken or thought-influence your own experience and
“By taking just a couple of breaths before speaking, we can first open our hearts, and feel the connection and appreciation for ourselves and whoever we’re communicating with or about,” explains Andrea Gardener.
This conscious action will transform the words
A.To express her gratitude. | B.To ask for help. | C.To show her kindness. |
7 . “There is nothing noble (高尚的) in being superior (优秀的) to your fellow man; true nobility is being superior to your former self.” —— Ernest Hemingway
As Hemingway says, self-improvement is a noble cause.
Only when you have accepted who you are can you grow. If you continuously fight against yourself, you won’t have the emotional energy you need to better yourself. If you wish to get on with people better, then you may start by accepting yourself.
If you are on a personal path that is going upwards, then you are likely to find a friend or partner who is also seeking to better themselves and their circumstances.
Focusing on your good qualities and attempting to protect and improve these characteristics will help you become a better person.
A.Like-minded people attract one another. |
B.When you feel confident, you keep calm. |
C.It will also stop you from damaging yourself. |
D.The way you view yourself affects how others view you. |
E.This will probably help you become a successful person. |
F.People like to be around individuals who like and accept themselves. |
G.It can help us learn about who we are and enable us to be better people. |
8 . In the days before air conditioning, a wife and her husband were visiting her parents in a small town. As they were relaxing one day, the wife’s father suggested that they all drive to Abilene for dinner. The son-in-law dreaded the hot drive to a town 53 miles away, but said OK to avoid being a rude guest. The wife and mother-in-law both said it sounded good, so they went off.
Having the not very good food and returning home hot and sweaty, the mother-in-law said they would never have taken the terrible trip if it had been up to her. The son-in-law said that he chose to agree because the others wanted to go. Finally, the father-in-law said he only suggested it because he thought the younger couple might be bored at home.
This story happened to Jerry B. Harvey who later became a university professor. In 1974 he told it in an article entitled, “The Abilene Paradox (悖论): The Management of Agreement”, which shows that sometimes a consensus (一致) of opinion may not lead to achieving the desired result. The Abilene paradox sounds like groupthink. But in fact, groupthink members are voting according to their conscience (是非感) while Abilene “paradoxers” are not.
Going along to get along arises from a desire to avoid conflict and unwillingness to be seen as the “spoiler” who criticizes ideas and plans that others favor. The choice to go against one’s conscience to please the group produces cognitive dissonance (认识失调), and could involve personal risk to relationships or career or both.
The only way for either groupthink or the Abilene paradox in planning or decision-making situations is to avoid agreeing publicly with something you disagree with privately. You can’t control what others in the group do, but at least you can speak up, “I’ll go if everyone else wants to, but I’d be just happy to stay here and relax”.
1. What do we know about the son-in-law?A.He was good at pleasing others. | B.He didn’t want to take the trip. |
C.He behaved badly during the visit. | D.He was treated as an honored guest. |
A.She helped the family make a decision. | B.She suggested taking some food along. |
C.She had an argument with her family. | D.She made a complaint about the trip. |
A.It is difficult to make a balance. |
B.It is impossible to avoid a conflict. |
C.It is unnecessary to satisfy everyone. |
D.It is impolite to blame a person publicly. |
A.A man should find right ways to relax. |
B.A man should consider others’ ideas deeply. |
C.A man should actively participate in group discussions. |
D.A man should express himself directly in decision-making. |
1. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A.Husband and wife. | B.Brother and sister. | C.Co-workers. |
A.Tea. | B.Milk. | C.Coffee. |
10 . I don’t remember the exact date I met Marty for the first time. Like a lot of people who want to get through a checkout line, I found my thoughts on speed, nothing more. The line I was standing in wasn't moving as quickly as I wanted, and I glanced toward the cashier, who was busy receiving money from customers.
He was an old man in his sixties. I thought, well, it probably took him a little longer to get the jobs done. For the next few minutes I watched him. He greeted every customer before he began scanning the goods they were purchasing. Sure, his words were the usual, “How’s it going?” But he did something different—he actually listened to people. Then he would respond to what they had said and talk with them briefly.
I thought it was strange, but I guessed I had grown accustomed to people asking me how I was doing simply out of a conversation without thinking. Usually, after a while, you don't give any thought to the question and just say something back quietly.
This old cashier seemed sincere about wanting to know how people were feeling. Meanwhile, the high-tech cash register rang up their purchases and he announced what they owed. When customers handed money to him, he pushed the appropriate keys, the cash drawer popped open, and he counted out their change.
Then magic happened.
He placed the change in his left hand, walked around the counter to the customers, and extended his right hand in an act of friendship. As their hands met, the old cashier looked the customers in the eyes. “I want to thank you for shopping here today,” he told them. “You have a great day. Bye-bye.” The looks on the faces of the customers were priceless.
Now it was my turn. I glanced down at the name tag on his red waistcoat, the kind experienced Wal-Mart cashier wore, it read, “Marty.”
Marty told me how much I owed and I handed him some money. The next thing I knew he was standing beside me, offering his right hand and holding my change in his left hand. His kind eyes locked onto mine. Smiling, and with a firm handshake...
1. While the author in the checkout line, she felt ________.A.Comfortable | B.warm |
C.impatient | D.embarrassed |
A.talk about unimportant topics | B.face communication problems |
C.remain calm while having a talk | D.develop a mindless conversation |
A.he expressed his sincerity while giving back the change |
B.He spent as much time as possible serving customers |
C.he was patient with all the questions from customers |
D.he showed particular interest in customers' personal life |
A.Marty was a talkative man. |
B.Marty cared a lot about what he did. |
C.The author failed to get along well with others. |
D.The author was dissatisfied with such a waste of time. |