1 . Teens who have good, supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults, according to research published by an American research center.
“This research suggests that improving students’ relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success,” said Jinho Kim, a professor at Korea University and author of the study. “It could also bring about health implications in the long run.” Previous research has suggested that teens’ social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal (因果的) — it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood. Also, most research has focused on teens’ relationships with their peers (同龄人), rather than on their relationships with teachers.
To explore those questions further, Kim analyzed data on nearly 20, 000 participants from the Add Health study, a national study in the U. S. that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood. The participant pool included more than 3, 400 pairs of siblings (兄弟姐妹). As teens, participants answered questions, like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers?” As adults, participants were asked about their physical and mental health.
Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. However, when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together, only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant.
The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students. “This is not something that most teachers receive much training in,” Kim said, “but it should be.”
1. What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．Recipes. | B．Habits. | C．Risks. | D．Benefits. |
| A．Poor health in adolescence. | B．Teens’ relationships with their peers. |
| C．Limitations of the previous research. | D．Factors affecting health in adulthood. |
| A．Positive student-teacher relationship helps students’ adult health. |
| B．Good family background promises long-term adult health. |
| C．Healthy peer relationships leads to students’ academic success. |
| D．Good adult health depends on teens’ good teachers. |
| A．A medical report. | B．A health magazine. | C．A term paper. | D．A family survey. |
2 . Individuals with social intelligence can sense how other people feel, know clearly what to say in social situations and appear confident even in a larger crowd. You might think of these folks as having “people skills”, but what they truly possess is social intelligence.
People who are socially intelligent display core traits (核心、特质) that help them communicate and connect with others.
Some people may seem to develop social intelligence without really trying.
| A．They are usually effective listeners. |
| B．Social intelligence isn’t easy to master. |
| C．But others have to work to develop it. |
| D．They don’t directly reject another person’s ideas. |
| E．And remember that you can mess up sometimes. |
| F．Develop your social intelligence by working on your communication skills. |
| G．Lack of arguing is another important trait that people with social intelligence exhibit. |
3 . Most of us are already aware of the direct effect we have on our friends and family. But we rarely consider that everything we think, feel, do, or say can spread far beyond the people we know. Conversely(相反地), our friends and family serve as conduits(渠道) for us to be influenced by hundreds or even thousands of other people. In a kind of social chain reaction, we can be deeply affected by events we do not witness that happen to people we do not know. As part of a social network, we go beyond ourselves, for good or ill, and become a part of something much larger.
Our connectedness carries with it fundamental implications(影响) for the way we understand the human condition. Social networks have value precisely because they can help us to achieve what we could not achieve on our own. Yet, socialnetwork effects are not always positive. Depression, obesity, financial panic, and violence also spread. Social networks, it turns out, tend to magnify(放大) whatever they are seeded with.
Partly for this reason, social networks are creative. And what these networks create does not belong to any one individual—it is shared by all those in the network. In this way, a social network is like a commonly owned forest: We all stand to benefit from it, but we also must work together to ensure it remains healthy and productive. While social networks are fundamentally and distinctively human, and can be seen everywhere, they should not be taken for granted.
If you are happier or richer or healthier than others, it may have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network, even if you cannot recognise your own location. And it may have a lot to do with the overall structure of the network, even if you cannot control that structure at all. And in some cases, the process feeds back to the network itself. A person with many friends may become rich and then attract even more friends. This richgetricher dynamic means social networks can dramatically reinforce two different kinds of inequality in our society: situational inequality and positional inequality.
Lawmakers have not yet considered the consequences of positional inequality. Still, understanding the way we are connected is an essential step in creating a more just society and in carrying out public policies affecting everything from public health to the economy. We might be better off vaccinating(接种疫苗) centrally located individuals rather than weak individuals. We might be better off helping interconnected groups of people to avoid criminal behaviour rather than preventing or punishing crimes one at a time.
If we want to understand how society works, we need to fill in the missing links between individuals. We need to understand how interconnections and interactions between people give rise to wholly new aspects of human experience that are not present in the individuals themselves. If we do not understand social networks, we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.
1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?| A．We can't be easily affected by strangers. |
| B．We are connected and form a social network. |
| C．We have negative effects on other social members. |
| D．We will not make a difference in a specific group. |
| A．It remains healthy and productive. |
| B．It tends to magnify negative things. |
| C．It is creative and shared by people in the whole society. |
| D．What it creates can be enjoyed by everyone in the network. |
| A．whether we are richer depends on the number of friends we make |
| B．the wealth we possess has nothing to do with individual continuous efforts |
| C．sometimes our success may be largely due to our position in social networks |
| D．we won't succeed unless we fully control the overall structure of the network |
| A．To introduce the characteristics of social networks. |
| B．To urge people to understand how our society works. |
| C．To show the significance of understanding social networks. |
| D．To explain the possible consequences of ignoring social networks. |
4 . Almost everyone gossips. And a new study finds that people spend about 52 minutes per day, on average, talking to someone about someone else who is not present.
But here’s the surprise: Despite the assumption that most gossip is trash talk, the study finds that the vast majority of gossip is non-judgmental chitchat.
“People love to talk about other people,” says Jeremy Cone, a psychologist at Williams College. “Think about your own conversations with a family member or friend: You talk about everyday things that keep you connected. You share that your daughter got her driver’s license or your uncle has a kidney stone. Much of it is just documenting facts.”
And, of course, the study also finds that some gossip is negative or mean-spirited. About 15% of the snippets of gossip that the researchers analyzed included some types of negative judgements.
But even negative gossip can serve a purpose, as more research has found.
“I think gossiping can be a smart thing to do,” says Elena Martinescu, a researcher at King’s College London who has studied gossip in the workplace. “It allows people to keep track of what’s going on and form social alliances with other people.”
Research has shown that gossip can help build group cohesion and cooperation. “When you gossip, you can keep track of who is contributing to the group and who’s being selfish,” Martinescu explains. “And by sharing this information, you can exclude those group members who are social loafers.”
“We also found that negative gossip makes people likely to repair the aspects of their behavior that they were criticized for,” Martinescu says.
So, say, for instance, you were criticized for always arriving at work late. Hearing that gossip about yourself may motivate you to want to be on time.
Of course, this isn’t a license to be a loose lips or to repeat baseless claims that can damage someone’s reputation unfairly. But confiding（吐露个人隐私）in your friends and colleagues and sharing impressions about another person—even when they’re negative—may be helpful.
1. According to Jeremy Cone, why do people often gossip?| A．To spread negative facts. |
| B．To satisfy others’ curiosity. |
| C．To injure others’ reputation. |
| D．To share social information. |
| A．It can improve people’s social skill. |
| B．It can rid society of immoral behavior. |
| C．People may change their behavior for the better. |
| D．People may be kept informed of others’ privacy. |
| A．Critical. | B．Objective. |
| C．Supportive. | D．Contradictory. |
| A．Gossip is the last thing we can do. |
| B．Gossip can do more good than harm. |
| C．Gossip may not be as harmful as it sounds. |
| D．Gossip is the best way to build social bonds. |
1. What is probably the woman’s job?
| A．A restaurant manager. | B．A waitress. | C．A chef. |
| A．How to make different coffee drinks. |
| B．What to do while serving customers. |
| C．Where to find necessary items for work. |
| A．They’ve worked in restaurants for a long time. |
| B．They grew up in the same area. |
| C．They’re excited to work together. |
| A．$80. | B．$100. | C．$200. |
6 . Improve Your Relationships
Having stable and positive relationships in your life can make you happier and more fulfilled. Whether it's your friends, family, or significant other, improving a relationship can sometimes be confusing.
Express your appreciation for the person.
If you hardly see each other or talk to each other, it can be difficult to maintain a relationship. Take extra time out of your day and devote it to the person that you want to improve relations with. Try to work around the other person's schedule so that you can spend the time together. You can share a meal, watch a show, listen to music, or go shopping with them.
Turn off distractions.
Distractions like a cell phone, social media, or video games can create a division in between you and another person. If you notice that you are always distracted, you should turn off your cell phone or computer and talk to them.
Seek therapy(心理治疗) if you can't get along.
To fix or improve family relationships or relationships with your significant other, you can turn to therapy. If you notice that you and the person are always arguing over the same kinds of things, and nothing has worked, you should consider seeking therapy with them.
| A．Spend more time with the person. |
| B．Maintain a relationship if possible. |
| C．People often like to be praised for achievements. |
| D．A specialist can help solve longterm issues in the relationship. |
| E．If they are the one always distracted, ask them if they can do the same. |
| F．Follow the tips and you can develop good relationships with your family. |
| G．Luckily, by adjusting your behaviour, you can improve any relationship in your life. |
7 . Fear of missing out or FOMO is “a pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent”.
Researchers have found that FOMO leads us to check social media more frequently, leading to a negative cycle that can be hard to break. FOMO can lead to feelings of depression, loneliness, and boredom.
Change your focus
Rather than focusing on what you lack, try noticing what you have. “Meritocracy(精英) society” is advocated today, but in fact, everyone owns their own success.
Keep a journal
It is common to post on social media to keep a record of the fun things you do. However, you may find yourself noticing a little too much about whether people are following your experiences online.
Seek out real connections
You may find yourself seeking a greater connection when you are feeling depressed or anxious, and this is healthy.
| A．The answer is definitely: NO. |
| B．This social anxiety is characterized by “a desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing”. |
| C．FOMO is also defined as a fear of regret, which may lead to a compulsive concern that one might miss an opportunity for social interaction, a novel experience, profitable investment or other satisfying events. |
| D．If this is the case, you may try to keep a personal journal of your best memories, either online or on paper. |
| E．Try to reduce our screen time, focus on building your own path to success and do what you like. |
| F．Your mood will be easily influenced by others and your life starts to be controlled by the outside world. |
| G．Rather than trying to connect more with people on social media, why not arrange to meet up with someone in person? |
As a child, Obaida Omar
About 250 guests attended the dinner, the proceeds(收益) of
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On the whole, the dinner was a success. The audience was also full of praise.
9 . Your success as a manager can be determined by how you interact with people. The role of a manager as a leader is an important part of these interactions. Leadership involves influencing colleagues so that they follow a given direction or goal.
The first is the “people function”. Here leadership helps to hold a group together and maintain the motivation of the group.
Next comes the “task function”. Here leadership involves deciding what the tasks of the group of employees are and then making sure that they are carried out successfully.
The third is the “strategic function.”
Good communication is another crucial element to successful leadership. A good leader is aware both of the message to be communicated and of the importance of effective communication to influence members of the group.
| A．A leader should act as an ambassador for the group. |
| B．Leadership here helps with the development of a sense of purpose and direction for the group. |
| C．It is often stated that leadership has three main functions within groups. |
| D．A manager’s ability to influence people depends on a range of factors. |
| E．Networking includes the ability to make and maintain useful contacts. |
| F．This shows that you are aware of the effort colleagues are putting into their work. |
| G．A manager’s behavior is a vital component of the message they communicate to colleagues. |
