1 . Accidents happen more often than you think. Every year in China, 3.2 million people die in accidents – that’s an average of six people per minute. Experts say that the 10 minutes after an accident can make the difference between life and death.
The second Saturday of September is World First Aid Day. It fell on Sept 8 this year. First aid refers to the first steps taken to help someone who’s injured.
“Learning first aid is good for everyone and it is better to start young,” Wang Jiangshan, a doctor in the hospital’s emergency room, told the China Youth Daily. “It can benefit oneself and others for the rest of one’s life.”
| A．It includes keeping the person safe and staying calm |
| B．You can learn first aid by visiting the official website of China First Aid Training |
| C．This is why learning first aid is so important |
| D．Right now is a good time for us to learn more about first aid |
| E．Some hospitals also give courses or even hold first aid camps for kids |
| F．In the US, first aid is a basic skill that every student has to learn |
| G．Basic first aid training teaches you how to deal with emergencies |
2 . These days, James, the retired carpenter, 74, even though he suffers from a severe disease, doesn’t want to go to a hospital. And he doesn’t need to. The reason: James now gets his care from Mercy Virtual Care Center some 50 miles away.
Equipped with an iPad and devices such as a blood pressure monitor and scale that stream his vital signs and other data from his home to the Center, James and his doctors have been able to detect small health shifts in time to prevent a worse condition.“We can trend the data on a daily basis and intervene in many cases even before patients experience symptoms (症状),” says Gavin Helton, Mercy’s medical director.
James and his Mercy team are pioneers in the next big thing in telemedicine, the virtual care clinic whose doctors and nurses provide the major care from miles away. Virtual care itself isn’t new: For a number of years, hospitals have contracted with remote critical care specialists to monitor their ICU patients and have relied on teleconsults with specialists to provide guidance or second opinions. But Mercy Virtual takes the concept to a whole other level.
The 125,000-square-foot facility has no waiting rooms, hospital beds or patients on site. Instead, it houses more than 300 medical professionals who sit in front of monitors and computer displays,watching over the care of patients at 38 hospitals. In addition to internists (重症医师) who observe patients at distant ICU, neurologists (神经学家) provide guidance on stroke treatment to community hospitals. A team of virtual hospitals orders and reads tests, and nurses deal with questions about everything from nosebleeds to infections. Other clinicians, like James’ doctors, stay in near continuous touch with patients at home.
The concept is working. Death rate in the ICU “is trending 40 percent less than predicted,” says Moore, Mercy Virtual’s president. “By virtually monitoring ICUs 24/7, we’re getting to problems earlier.” The result, he says, is that Mercy in the past year sent home 1,000 ICU patients who otherwise would have been expected to die and saved $40 million.
1. Why needn’t James visit a hospital any more?| A．He gets virtual care. | B．He dislikes hospitals. |
| C．He has fully recovered. | D．He lives too far away |
| A．To detect emergencies. | B．To track his health data. |
| C．To contact his doctors. | D．To monitor his daily activities |
| A．To house medical professionals. |
| B．To provide guidance on critical diseases. |
| C．To improve treatment through technology. |
| D．To offer medical help and observation virtually. |
| A．Health Care Program: Ways to Develop it. |
| B．Virtual Care Clinics: the Wave of the Future. |
| C．Avoiding Hospitals: James’ Treatment Journey. |
| D．Mercy Virtual Care Center: Challenges it Faces |
3 . Using needles to deliver drugs has been common for more than a century. The past hundred years have seen all manner of medical advances, from life-saving medicine and X-rays to mRNA vaccines and special cancer treatments. Yet the needle has stayed mostly unchanged. Although now available in a variety of different sizes, it remains a hollow (having a hole or empty space inside), pointy tube.
With luck, that may soon change. As Yichi Ma, a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues outline in a review paper, researchers around the world are looking for ways to ease the pain when needles go into the skin. Many have been inspired by nature.
The team got their idea from mosquitoes, which manage to get their blood meals without causing great pain to people. One reason is that the insects use painkilling chemicals when they first puncture(刺穿) the skin. But there is another reason. The point of a mosquito’s saw-like proboscis(锯齿状的喙) is softer at its tip. The insect makes the skin of its target tight before biting, and shakes its proboscis as it pushes the proboscis in. All of this helps reduce the force needed to puncture the skin.
One paper, published in 2020 by a group of researchers in America and China, found that a mosquito-inspired needle required 27% less puncturing force than an ordinary one. And less force means less pain. Mosquito-inspired needles might also be useful for delicate procedures such as biopsies (the examination of tissue taken from a living body). A paper from the University of Michigan, also published in 2020, found that scientists could improve biopsies of tissue in some body organs. The lower force led to less movement of the organ itself, ensuring that the needles were guided accurately to the area that needed sampling.
For now, such devices remain limited to labs. But there is a big market for better needles. According to WHO, around 16 billion injections were given in 2018. With one person in four saying they suffer from a fear of needles, the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up their sleeves would be considerable.
1. What can we infer about needles from Paragraph 1?| A．Their importance has been ignored for long. |
| B．They fall behind other medical innovations. |
| C．Their size remains the same for over a century. |
| D．They had a poor source of supply for decades. |
| A．The source of scientists’ inspiration. |
| B．The chemical compounds found in mosquitoes. |
| C．The unique structure of a mosquito’s proboscis. |
| D．The harmful effects of mosquito bites on humans. |
| A．To show people’s anxiety about injections. |
| B．To highlight the limitations of current needle designs. |
| C．To draw attention to the dangers of too many injections. |
| D．To emphasize the potential demand for improved needles. |
| A．The Limitations of Current Needle Designs |
| B．The Role of Needles in Traditional Chinese Medicine |
| C．Enhancing Needle Technology: Lessons from Mosquitoes |
| D．The Impact of Needle Innovation on Medical Advancements |
4 . Brynn Schulte nearly died two times when she was a baby. At one point she needed emergency surgery for bleeding in her brain. No one knew what was wrong. Then, a test that looked at her full genetic details found a rare bleeding disorder. Catching the disorder early saved her life. “You have this hopeless feeling when you don’t really know what’s going on,” said her father, Mike Schulte. He noted that the test made a difference in finding the cause and “getting her the right care that she needed almost immediately”.
Brynn, now 4, got the genetic testing as part of a clinical trial, the results of which were published recently in The Journal of the American Medical Association. Testing all of the details of a person’s genes is called “whole genome” testing. Whole genome tests are much better than narrowly targeted tests when it comes to finding genetic differences, called abnormalities, which can cause disease. The study found 49 percent of these abnormalities, compared to 27 percent with more commonly used tests targeting only some genetic diseases.
Whole genome tests could solve the problem of doing several narrowly targeted tests on babies, which still might not find the disorder. Experts warn there are some problems because labs vary in how they understand results. Also, whole genome tests are more expensive and less likely to be covered by insurance.
But researchers hope that whole genome tests will at some point be used for millions of hospitalized babies with rare and difficult conditions. The US National Human Genome Research Institute has found that around 350 million people around the world live with rare disorders. And it found that about 80 percent of the more than 7,000 conditions are genetic.
1. How did Mike Schulte feel about the test?| A．Proud. | B．Grateful. | C．Unclear. | D．Hopeless. |
| A．narrowly targeted tests are easier |
| B．commonly used tests take longer |
| C．whole genome tests focus on babies |
| D．whole genome tests are more accurate |
| A．They cost a lot. |
| B．The process is complex. |
| C．The disorder might not be found. |
| D．Their results are hard to understand. |
| A．In a blog. | B．In a medical record, |
| C．In a newspaper. | D．In a letter. |
The 1918 Spanish flu was the most deadly outbreak in history. It
It was estimated that about 500 million people
While the 1918 H1N1 virus has been produced and evaluated by modern science, the features that have made it so deadly are got well understood. With no vaccine to protect against influenza infection and no medicine
6 . Hundreds of millions have rolled up their sleeves for the COVID-19 vaccine, but why haven’t they rolled up their pant legs instead? Why do we get most shots in our arms? What s the science behind why we get most vaccines in our arm? It’s worth noting that most, but not all, vaccines are given in the muscle. Some vaccines are given orally. Others arc given just beneath the skin. But why is the muscle so important, and does location matter?
There are important immune cells in muscle tissue. These immune cells recognize the antigen, a tiny piece of a virus or bacteria introduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune response. Thus, muscles make an excellent vaccine administration site.
In the ease of the COVID-19 vaccine, the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and present them to the lymph nodes. Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine in a small area, allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get to work. Once a vaccine is recognized by the immune cells in the muscle, these cells carry the antigen to lymph vessels, which transport the antigen-carrying immune cells into the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes, key components of our immune system, contain more immune cells that recognize the antigens in vaccines and start the immune process of creating antibodies.
Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions in the local area. If certain vaccines are injected into fat tissue, the chance of painful redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply, leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.
Another deciding factor in vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle. Adults and children aged three and older tend to receive vaccines in their upper arm. Younger children receive their vaccines in the middle part of the leg because their arm muscles are smaller and less developed. Convenience and social acceptability should also be considered. As is known, rolling up your sleeve is way easier and more preferred.
All things considered, when it comes to the flu shot and the COVID-19 vaccine, for most adults and kids, the arm is the preferred vaccination route.
1. Why do muscles make a good vaccine administration site?| A．Muscles can easily recognize bacteria. | B．Muscle tissue stimulates immune response. |
| C．Muscle tissue contains vital immune cells. | D．Muscles can prevent reproduction of viruses. |
| A．Lymph vessels perform transporting function. |
| B．Lymph vessels is critical to creating antibodies. |
| C．Immune cells can automatically sound the alarm. |
| D．Immune cells give antigens to lymph vessels. |
| A．Poor blood supply. | B．Better absorption. | C．Local pain. | D．Rapid fat loss. |
| A．an advertisement | B．a journal | C．a speech | D．a novel |
7 . Paris Baker is a 30-year-old mother who has two daughters, Kallie, nine, and Harper, five.
One day, the three were playing at home. Harper was playing mom, feeding her mother, then her teddy bear and finally herself. Suddenly, Paris started choking on a piece of cookie. Soon, the cookie was at the back of her throat. The two girls started hitting her back at once. After about a minute of hitting her back, Kallie went to call an ambulance as she started to worry. As she did this the other girl carried on doing what she had been doing and thankfully the cookie finally came up.
Paris was diagnosed (诊断) with motor neurone disease (MND) in 2017, and was told she had five years to live. The condition will gradually paralyse (使……瘫痪) her, leaving her trapped inside her body.
Due to her condition, she’s more likely to fall and has received serious injuries. She felt it was very important to teach her girls what to do in a dangerous situation she might be in. This included applying pressure to a bleeding wound, what to do if someone is choking and how to call emergency services.
The girls know that if their dad isn’t home and an emergency happens there are three steps. Step one is to ring 999, ask for an ambulance and give their address. Step two is to put their dogs in the garden, and step three is to open the front door for the emergency services.
After the accident, Paris was so grateful that she had taught her daughters what to do in such a situation. But accidents like that can happen to anyone. So if your kid hasn’t learned first aid skills yet, it’s time to do that now.
1. How did the two girls react as their mother choked?| A．They called an ambulance at once. |
| B．They took action as soon as possible. |
| C．They were too frightened to do anything. |
| D．They tried to carry their mother somewhere else. |
| A．She wanted them to help others. |
| B．She knew she’d need their help. |
| C．She planned to make them doctors. |
| D．She was afraid of losing them in accidents. |
| A．To introduce useful first aid skills. |
| B．To explain kids’ role in stopping accidents. |
| C．To encourage the learning of first aid skills. |
| D．To tell readers what to do in an emergency. |
| A．A game puts a mother’s life at great risk |
| B．A mother teaches her daughters a life lesson |
| C．Girls learn first aid skills from their mother |
| D．Girls save their mother’s life using first aid skills |
8 . For years, doctors have given blood to patients who need it to survive. These “transfusions (输血)” usually involve giving red blood cells to patients.
Blood transfusions aren’t as simple as taking blood from one person and giving it to someone else. There are several different blood types, and they don’t all mix well. If someone gets a transfusion of the wrong kind of blood, their body will reject the blood cells, causing problems.
A new trial is being carried out in the United Kingdom. What’s new in the experiment is that people are being given red blood cells that were created in a laboratory. The scientists used stem cells from a blood sample to grow billions of brand new red blood cells. So the red blood cells in the experiment never actually existed inside anyone.
There are several reasons why this could be even better than a regular blood transfusion. For one thing, the red blood cells that are created can be adjusted for people with different blood types. That will be extremely helpful for people with rare blood types.
Also, the red blood cells created are brand new, meaning they last longer. Red blood cells live for about 120 days. A normal transfusion has red blood cells of all different ages. That means only a part of them are brand new. If the lab-created red blood cells last longer, it could mean that patients will need fewer transfusions.
To test the safety of the lab-grown red blood cells, researchers have given a couple of teaspoons of lab-created blood to two healthy people. Both people seem to be doing just fine after the transfusions. In all, the red blood cells from the lab will be tested on 10 people, and compared to normal transfusions.
The new process isn’t expected to replace normal blood transfusions, which will remain hugely important. Though the technology level has improved, growing red blood cells in a lab is extremely expensive. And a lot of work and testing still need to be done.
But if it’s successful, in the future the process could make life much easier for patients who often need transfusions—even those with rare blood types.
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talked about?| A．The process of blood transfusions. |
| B．The concept of blood transfusions. |
| C．The importance of blood transfusions. |
| D．The possible problems in blood transfusions. |
| A．They can live longer. |
| B．They can convey more oxygen. |
| C．The majority of them are brand new. |
| D．They are targeted at those with rare blood. |
| A．The high risk. |
| B．Their high cost. |
| C．The technology level. |
| D．The lack of qualified labs. |
| A．Artificial Blood Will Catch on |
| B．Regular Blood Transfusion Will Be Safer |
| C．Scientists Test Blood Grown in a Laboratory |
| D．Patients Are Benefiting from Newly-Created Blood |
9 . Study shows that wearing masks outdoors can protect against more than Covid-19 for people who suffer from seasonal allergies. Protection varies mask to mask, depending on the fit and, for cloth masks, the weave of the fabric. And unless you wear a mask at all times, you may still be affected by indoor dust or other things carried through open windows.
● Protect your eyes.
● Wash and change your mask frequently. “The last thing you want is allergen getting trapped in it,” Dr. Parikh, an allergist and immunologist at N.Y.U. Langone Health said. She recommends patients change their clothes when they get home and shower before sleep, to ensure that pollen doesn't stick to their skin, and wash reusable masks frequently.
● Find a mask that doesn’t make your skin painful. Choosing the right mask for an allergy-prone wearer can also be important. People with sensitive skin may react to dyes in some fabric masks and should use perfume-free detergents.
●
| A．Wear glasses or sunglasses when you’re outside. |
| B．Talk to a doctor if your allergy symptoms are severe. |
| C．There are more tips to reduce your symptoms in allergy seasons. |
| D．Wearing a mask also makes the air through our nose much warmer. |
| E．Or choose a medical grade mask which is less likely to irritate skin. |
| F．Give up our masks if we head into another pandemic season in the future. |
| G．The Center for Disease Control recommends washing a cloth mask after each use. |
10 . Health Care Workers Getting Panic Buttons
Hundreds of health care workers at Cox Medical Center in Missouri will soon be equipped with personal panic buttons, following over a year of increased violence against staff members. The pandemic (流行病), the medical center said, has greatly
A medical worker, once experiencing an attack, can press the button attached to his working ID card to activate a personal
The panic buttons are being
Those buttons are
Alan Butler, Cox Health’s system director, agreed the buttons were a(n)
| A．covered up | B．contributed to | C．developed with | D．got through |
| A．medical | B．emotional | C．tracing | D．facilitating |
| A．blocker | B．menu | C．command | D．alert |
| A．designed | B．tested | C．questioned | D．stored |
| A．assign | B．explain | C．hand | D．expand |
| A．implemented | B．analyzed | C．eliminated | D．restricted |
| A．conditionally | B．financially | C．psychologically | D．theoretically |
| A．bounced | B．advanced | C．shrunk | D．multiplied |
| A．predictable | B．irreplaceable | C．tricky | D．timely |
| A．However | B．Instead | C．Hence | D．Furthermore |
| A．overestimated | B．underreported | C．updated | D．downloaded |
| A．confusing | B．promising | C．primary | D．risky |
| A．selfless | B．grateful | C．qualified | D．protected |
| A．Actually | B．Consequently | C．Naturally | D．Eventually |
| A．prohibited | B．cautioned | C．committed | D．overlooked |
