1 . First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. First aid may save a ___ or improve certain vital signs including a pulse, temperature, an unobstructed (畅通无阻的) airway, and breathing. In ___ emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from worsening and provide relief from ___. First aid must be performed as ___ as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete ___ and loss of life.

First-aid measures ___ a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as ___ as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can ___ permanent damage.

Despite the variety of possible injuries, several principles of first aid ___ to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if ____, should be reassured that medical aid has been ____, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about ____ of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been ____ , and preexisting (早先存在的) conditions such as heart trouble. The victim should be ____ for his medical card that describes special medical conditions. ____ the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not ____ the victim.

Once obvious injuries have been examined, the injured person’s ____ should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body. If no ____ exists to suggest potential skull (颅骨) injury, place the injured person in a comfortable ____ Positioned on one’s side, a victim can vomit without choking.

1.

A．chance

B．disaster

C．life

D．family

2.

A．minor

B．severe

C．unique

D．certain

3.

A．pressure

B．pain

C．guilty

D．injury

4.

A．carefully

B．correctly

C．mildly

D．quickly

5.

A．success

B．recovery

C．danger

D．attention

6.

A．depend upon

B．contribute to

C．consist of

D．approve of

7.

A．temporary

B．basic

C．important

D．fortunate

8.

A．result from

B．suffer from

C．take on

D．lead to

9.

A．apply

B．refer

C．turn

D．respond

10.

A．considerate

B．conscious

C．cautious

D．skeptical

11.

A．needed

B．selected

C．requested

D．refused

12.

A．examine

B．discover

C．protect

D．judge

13.

A．details

B．roots

C．results

D．effects

14.

A．asked

B．given

C．limited

D．permitted

15.

A．recorded

B．measured

C．checked

D．observed

16.

A．Although

B．When

C．Because

D．Unless

17.

A．move

B．save

C．touch

D．defend

18.

A．leg

B．head

C．arm

D．face

19.

A．analysis

B．explanation

C．experience

D．evidence

20.

A．occasion

B．state

C．position

D．situation

2 . 语法填空

The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin     1     functions are very complex: it is     2     you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.

You can get burnt by a     3     (vary) of things. Bums     4     (call ) first，second，or third degree burns, depending     5     which layers of the skin are burnt. Different degree burns have different characteristics. When giving first aid treatment of burns, you can remove clothing     6     (use) scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the bum. Cool burns     7     (immediate) with cool but not    8     (ice) water. Cover the burnt area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. If burns are on arms     9     legs, keep them higher than the heart. If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital     10     (get) the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.

3 . Doctors in hospital emergency rooms often see accidental poisonings. A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisonings.

In cases like this, seek medical help as soon as possible. Save the container of whatever caused the poisoning. And look for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison in the container. Save anything expelled from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it.

Millions of people know how to give abdominal thrusts (腹部按压) to save a person choking on something trapped in the throat. The American Red Cross says a rescuer should first hit the person on the back five times between the shoulder bones. If the airway is still blocked, the Red Cross suggests pushing hard five times on the victim’s abdomen. You can do these abdominal thrusts by getting directly behind a sitting or standing person.

The Mayo Clinic’s health centers suggest several steps if bleeding is severe. First, if possible, remove dirt from the wound and press it with a clean cloth or piece of clothing. In the past, people were advised to stop severe bleeding with a tourniquet (止血带). But experts now say tourniquets are dangerous because they can crush (压坏) blood passages and nerves. If a wound seems infected, let the victim rest. Physical activity can spread the Infection. Treat the wound with a mixture of salt and water until medical Help arrives.

To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or an organization like the Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information. Training may be offered in your area.

If you know first aid methods, you can be calmer and more helpful in case of emergency.

1. Which of the following is NOT the cause of accidental poisonings according to the passage?

A．A harmful medicine.	B．An insect-killing chemical.
C．A cleaning liquid.	D．Poisonous insects.

2. The underlined word “expelled” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”.

A．coming out	B．taking up
C．going away	D．getting down

3. From the passage, we can know ________.

A．now people still use a tourniquet to stop bleeding

B．the container of poison is not helpful to doctors

C．rest can do good to an infected wound

D．abdominal thrusts are for the unconscious

4. Where can you learn more about first aid according to the passage?

A．A hospital or the Red Cross.	B．A hospital or a magazine.
C．The Red Cross or a patient.	D．The Red Crescent Society or a book.

4 . 生活中常有意外事故发生。假设你和你班同学李明从锅炉房打完开水，在回寝室的路上，李明的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了他的脚。于是你对此实施了必要的急救。请你结合此事，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，向学校英文报Teens投稿，主要内容包括：
1. 描述事故发生的经过；
2. 你是如何实施急救的（冷水冲洗、送医院做进一步的处理）；
3. 简要谈谈你对掌握一定急救知识的重要性的认识。
参考词汇：锅炉房boiler house        热水瓶 thermos bottle

Accidents happened suddenly. _______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5 . What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today’s leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.
In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days.But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death.Cells(细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever.But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on—in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.
It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.
1. According to the passage,human death is now mainly caused by _______.

A．diseases and aging	B．accidents and war
C．accidents and aging	D．heart disease and war

2. In the author’s opinion, today’s most important advance in technology lies in _______.

A．medicine	B．the Internet
C．brain cells	D．human organs

3. Humans may live longer in the future because _______.

A．heart disease will be far away from us

B．human brains can decide the final death

C．the basic materials of cells will last forever

D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine

4. We can learn from the passage that _______.

A．human life will not last more than 120 years in the future

B．humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now

C．much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life

D．we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells

6 . Accidents happen more often than you think. Every year in China, 3.2 million people die in accidents – that’s an average of six people per minute. Experts say that the 10 minutes after an accident can make the difference between life and death.     1    

The second Saturday of September is World First Aid Day. It fell on Sept 8 this year. First aid refers to the first steps taken to help someone who’s injured.     2    .   It also includes getting help, either by telling other people or calling 120.

    3    , do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR, 心肺复苏), and treat things like burns, bleeding and broken bones. It takes as little as two hours to learn these skills.

    4    . You can also read books or watch videos that can be found on free apps like First Aid Manual (现场急救指南).    5    . The Peking Union Medical College Hospital offers these options.

“Learning first aid is good for everyone and it is better to start young,” Wang Jiangshan, a doctor in the hospital’s emergency room, told the China Youth Daily. “It can benefit oneself and others for the rest of one’s life.”

A．It includes keeping the person safe and staying calm

B．You can learn first aid by visiting the official website of China First Aid Training

C．This is why learning first aid is so important

D．Right now is a good time for us to learn more about first aid

E．Some hospitals also give courses or even hold first aid camps for kids

F．In the US, first aid is a basic skill that every student has to learn

G．Basic first aid training teaches you how to deal with emergencies

7 . NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase, the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.

Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

“Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor at Harvard Medical School. “This could reduce lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.

“All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical expert.

1. The passage is mainly about __________.

A．a new medical invention	B．a way of erasing painful memories
C．an introduction to the function of a new pill	D．an argument about the research on the pill

2. The drug tested on people can __________.

A．cause the brain to fix memories	B．stop people remembering bad experiences
C．prevent body producing certain chemicals	D．erase the emotional effects of memories

3. We can infer from the passage that __________.

A．not all of the people support the research	B．taking the pill will do harm to people’s health
C．the pill has probably been produced in America	D．the pill will put an end to people’s bad experiences

4. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser probably agree with?

A．Some memories can ruin people’s lives.

B．People want to get rid of bad memories.

C．Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.

D．The pill will reduce people’s sufferings from bad memories.

8 . Drug problems

If you're worried about your own or someone else's drug taking or misuse, it's good to know the facts.

Why take drugs?

Drug users don't start using drugs with the intention of becoming addicted. But many drugs contain addictive substances(物质) and even people who use them occasionally can become dependent and need to use them regularly.

Reasons why people start using drugs can include: to escape problems they may be having in other parts of their life, peer pressure and fitting in with another group of people, being curious about the effects of drugs.

If you start to use drugs on a regular basis, or if you become dependent on them, it can affect your family and friends as well as having a serious impact on your own physical and mental well-being.

Drug overdoses can be fatal. You can die instantly from misusing substances and drugs that you can buy over the counters.

Signs of drug abuse and misuse

There is not a common list of symptoms that you can use to tell if you or someone you know is misusing drugs. That's because drug use affects different people in different ways, depending on the type of drugs they're using.

Although anxiety, tiredness and a change in sleeping habits can be signs of drug use, they can also be caused by changes in your body, stress or other problems.

_____________________

Drugs are categorised into three classes based on their overall level of harm. Class A drugs are the most dangerous, however, all the drugs in all three classes are harmful and addictive.

Remember that all drugs are illegal, even Class C drugs like cannabis(大麻烟). If you're caught selling them to other people, or carrying a small amount in your pocket, it's likely that the police will get involved.

If you're found guilty of any of these offences, you may face a fine or time in custody(拘留), with Class A drugs carrying the most severe sentences.

Worried about a friend?

If you think that one of your friends or relatives is misusing drugs, you may want to approach them and talk about it. It's not your responsibility to make them stop, but you can tell them about how their behaviour is affecting your relationship.

If they ask for help with their problem, then it's important to listen and help them find the right information and treatment.

National Drugs Helpline

If you're worried about drug abuse and addiction you can call the National Drugs Helpline on 0800 776 600 for confidential advice—lines are open seven days a week. Calls are free and they won't show up on your phone bill, but you may be charged if you use a mobile.

More useful links

Information about addictions from need to know

Information about drugs, the law and human rights

1. Who is the article for?

A．Parents of drug takers

B．People who are interested in taking drugs

C．The police who deal with drug sellers

D．People who are concerned about drug misusing

2. Which of the following is true according to Part II?

A．All those who abuse or misuse drugs have something in common in symptoms.

B．People who take the same drug are affected in the way alike.

C．Anxiety, tiredness and a change in sleeping habits result from drug use only.

D．You can’t tell exactly whether a person is misusing drugs by symptoms like anxiety.

3. What is the subtitle of Part III?

A．Three classes of drugs.	B．Drugs and the law
C．The impacts of taking drugs.	D．Illegal drugs

4. What can you do if you are addicted to drug use?

A．You can tell your trouble to your friends and find the right treatment.

B．It’s your responsibility to tell your friends so that it will not spread.

C．Pay only a small amount of money to turn to National Drugs Helpline for help.

D．Dial 0800 776 600 to find the information about drugs, the law and human rights.

9 . While I was teaching in China, I became interested in acupuncture (针灸). It was after returning from China and witnessing how successful it had been that I reached the decision to become an acupuncturist myself. I was lucky to discover that the town where I lived had a famous college of traditional acupuncture.

Alternative medicine such as acupuncture is particularly important for me because I firmly believe that it works on the level of body, mind and spirit. This is very different from Western medicine which is supposed to work only on the body. When a person is ill, it is believed that there’s something in their life that is putting their energy levels out of balance. What alternative therapies (疗法) try do to is kelp to gradually push that energy back into balance. The result is that any disease present might naturally disappear as it cannot survive when energies are balanced.

I’ve treated a wide range of people for various conditions, for example people suffering from stress and anxiety. To acquire a qualification in acupuncture, I took a course that lasted three years. I had to go to the college about one weekend in three. I also had a large amount of homework and practical work to do, which I did two or three evenings a week. This involved locating pints on different people. As you can imagine, this isn’t straightforward as people are of different sizes and have differently shaped bodies.

In the future I hope to set up an alternative health clinic which will involve myself as an acupuncturist but perhaps other people as well. I’d like to work with people who provide treatments such as rubbing (按摩) and pressing people’s feet in a special way to help them relax and feel well. I’d like to set it up somewhere in the countryside, where people could feel free from the stress of life.

1. The author decides to learn acupuncture         .

A．when he was teaching in China

B．when he was studying in college

C．after he came back to his mother country

D．after he discovered an acupuncture school

2. What does the author think of acupuncture?

A．It prevents disease.

B．It treats people as a whole.

C．It has an immediate effect.

D．It helps improve people’s lives.

3. The acupuncture course the author took was         .

A．time-consuming and challenging

B．learner-centered and effective

C．difficult but interesting

D．painful but helpful

4. What do the underlined words “other people” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Other acupuncturists.

B．Other alternative therapists.

C．Other doctors who use Western medicine.

D．Other people who want to escape fro stress.

10 . Internet data shows that younger adults have become the main audience crazy about changing their appearance. Once the world of the female in her fifties, plastic surgery(整形手术) has become the focus of the younger Internet users.

The recent death of Stephanie Kuleba, an 18-year-old high school cheerleader who died as a result of plastic surgery, brought our attention to the fashion of becoming a more “ideal” body among teenagers. In fact, search data confirms this phenomenon. One of the most popular sites visited from the search term “plastic surgery” is the official site of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (www. plastic surgery. org). Over 25% of the visitors, which is up from 19.6% two years ago, fell within the 18 to 24 years old.

Plastic surgery has become an American obsession (痴迷). Checking other countries, such as the UK and Australia, the 18 to 24-year-old’s being interested in plastic surgery is an obvious US phenomenon. Unlike the other groups who visit sites related to diseases and keeping healthy, younger Internet users rush to sites that deal with personal appearance, such as those focused on body-building, weight loss and skin-care, and obviously plastic surgery.

While television on surgery may be driving the interest of a younger audience, one factor appears to be a key in preventing such teens from changing their bodies: the failing U.S. economy. There has been a decline in all plastic surgery topics over the last year. While older age continue to search for information on procedures such as liposuction(抽脂), it’s younger Internet users who in tough economic times are focusing on improving their outer beauty, though at a discount price.

1. Why does the author mention the death of the 18-year-old cheerleader?

A．To show cheerleaders pay more attention to their appearance.

B．To warn people that plastic surgery is not as safe as it is said to be.

C．To prove the fact that people will pursue beauty at any cost.

D．To draw attention to the issue of young people having plastic surgery.

2. While young people are surfing on the Internet, they are very interested in____________.

A．how to be physically and mentally healthy.

B．how to make themselves look young.

C．how to prevent and cure diseases.

D．how to have more attractive appearance.

3. What may affect young people’s decision on whether to have plastic surgery?

A．The safety of the operation

B．The total expense of the surgery.

C．The need for having the operation.

D．The results of the surgery.