2 . It isn’t necessary to know everything before heading out into the wilderness, but studying a quality first-aid guide book and familiarizing yourself with the necessary skills can be enough to save someone’s life.

Wilderness Medicine: Beyond First Aid by William W. Forgey

This book does a great job of breaking down how to examine, judge, and stabilize your patient or situation, manage the person’s physical symptoms(症状), and know what questions to ask. It covers a wider range of possible injuries and treatment options than some other wilderness first-aid books. This book costs $12.79 and is easy to read and understand.

Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills by The Mountaineers

In its 9th edition, the book, which costs $21.99, has become a gold standard for anyone planning to spend significant time in the backcountry. Written by climbers for climbers, this book has everything you need to know to stay safer, from basic first aid to staying safe in avalanche terrain(雪崩地形), and learning how to move forward without networking.

Mountaineering: Essential Skills for Hikers and Climbers by Alun Richardson

The book, which costs $13.59, not only contains information about wilderness first aid but also attempts to teach you safety and survival skills from hiking basics to winter adventures. This book stands out because of its detailed visual diagrams that illustrate the right and wrong ways to achieve different techniques.

Medicine for Mountaineering & Other Wilderness Activities by James Wilkerson

The book, which costs $32.95, is a great addition to your collection if you’ve already read some of the other wilderness first-aid books, and maybe even taken a course already but are still wanting to learn more. Many doctors and nurses like this book because they practice basic medical diagnosis(诊断) regularly.

Recently computers     1     (use) in many different industries, especially in the medical field. But did you know how much impact computers have been having on the practice on medicine?

Scheduling and patient communications

Medical organizations use computers to communicate     2     patients and schedule necessary visits. Using the same information technology     3     (apply) in most professional offices, medical organizations can     4     (easy) receive and send information through email or a website post. What’s more, digital communication makes     5     possible to answer simple questions without the need for phone calls or follow-up visits.

Medical records

Computers allow health care professionals     6     (create) detailed histories of a patient in convenient digital formats (格式) that can be saved and sent to other health care providers. In addition to     7     (reduce) costs, effective digital medical record keeping can even save lives, making sure that doctors have complete information about patients’ conditions before giving    8     (treat).

Diagnosis (诊断)

Many modern medical machines make the     9     (much) of computer technology. Computer imaging technology, for example, provides doctors with more reliable visual data on medical conditions such as bone damage. More generally, computers quickly quantify medical data so that doctors are able to see all the information on a patient on a rapidly updated screen,     10     helps improve the quality of diagnoses.

As an essential part and     1     largest organ of our body, the skin has many important     2    (function). Therefore,     3    (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries, which need first aid in time. 

We can get burnt by a     4    (various) of things, like hot liquids, fire or some chemicals. Depending on the depth of skin damage, burns can     5    (divide) into three types: first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns. For first-degree burns, first, place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. Second, dry the burnt area     6    (gentle) with a clean cloth. Meanwhile, remove any clothes using scissors if necessary,     7     you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. Then cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Don't apply oil     8     the injured areas, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. It is important     9    (take) the victim     10     is suffering from second or third-degree burns to the hospital right away.

9 . Can you imagine that you can save your own life during a heart attack by coughing? Let’s see how.

A heart attack can happen to anyone. Let’s say it’s 4:17 p.m. and you’re driving home (alone of course) after an unusually hard day on the job. Not only was the workload extremely heavy, but you also had a disagreement with your boss, and no matter how hard you tried, he just wouldn’t see your side of the situation. You’re really upset and the more you think about it, the more nervous you become.

All of a sudden you start experiencing severe pain in your chest that starts to spread out into your arm and up to your jaw. You are only about five miles from the hospital nearest your home, but unfortunately you don’t know if you’ll be able to make it that far.

What can you do? You’ve been trained in CPR but the guy who taught the course didn’t tell you how to perform it on yourself.

Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack, this article seems in order. Without help the person whose heart stops beating properly and who begins to feel faint has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness. However, these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very powerfully. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and last long, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest. A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without stopping until help arrives, or until the heart feels to be beating normally again. Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating.

The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. In this way, heart attack victims can get to a phone and, between breaths, call for help.

Now, do you understand the whole matter? Tell as many other people as possible about this. It could save their lives!

One of the premier medical    1    (scientist) in the 21st century is Zhong Nanshan. Born in 1936 and     2     (graduate) from Peking University Health Science Center, this ordinary but great man has been working in the medical field for over 40 years. He is a good doctor in the patients’ eyes and     3     kind medical professor in his students’ as well.

In 2003, SARS broke    4     in China and across the globe. Zhong Nanshan not only led but also     5     (take) an active part in the battle against SARS. At that time most people had no     6     (nature) defense against the disease. Dangerous    7     it was, Zhong Nanshan worked hard treating SARS patients. Meanwhile he underlined the fact    8     teamwork among nations could save lives. Through    9     (they) several months’ hard work, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable achievements. Soon SARS    10    (wipe) out.