1 . Researchers in China and the United States have developed a new cataract(白内障)treatment with cells that has restored vision in babies in a trial and may eventually be used in adults.
The treatment- by doctors and staff members at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Sichuan and Sun Yat-sen universities in China-was published in March 9 edition of the scientific journal Nature.
A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens(晶体)of an eye. Typical cataract operation involves the removal of the cloudy lens and the insertion of an artificial one. The new operation has been tested in animals and during a small, human trial. It resulted in fewer complications(并发症)than the current harmful operation, and in regrown lenses with superior visual function in all 12 of the baby cataract patients who received the procedure.
A congenital cataract- lens clouding that occurs at birth or shortly after- is important cause of blindness in children. In the new research, Kand Zhang, head of ophthalmic genetics at US San Diego’s Shiley Eye Institute, and his colleagues relied on the regrown potential of endogenous(同源的)stem cells.
According to Zhang, endogenous stem cells are different from other stem cells that are typically grown in a laboratory, transplanted into a patient, and can have risks of immune（免疫的）rejection, infection or cancers. Zhang told CBS News, “We invented a new operation to make a very small opening at the side of a cataractous lens bag, remove the cataract inside, allow the opening to heal, and promote potential lens stem cells to regrow an entirely new lens with vision.”
The human trial involved 12 babies under the age of 2 who were treated with the new method, while 25 babies received the standard operation care.. The latter group experienced a higher incidence of pos- operation danger, early- onset eye high blood pressure and increased lens clouding. The scientists reported fewer complications and faster healing among the 12 babies who has the new procedure.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．The concept of the cataract |
| B．A new cataract treatment with stem cells |
| C．Bad effects of post-operation in the cataract |
| D．The reasons why the cataract comes into being |
| A．Convenient | B．Comfortable |
| C．Cheap | D．Safe |
| A．It has more risks |
| B．It may be used widely |
| C．It has been put into practice widely |
| D．It can only restore vision in babies |
| A．Born | B．Strange |
| C．Serious | D．Dangerous. |
Supporters find it easy to minimize the significance of this fact because the embryos are only a few days old—nothing more than “blastocysts (胚泡)”.
But if it’s OK to destroy 5-day-old embryos to further scientific inquiry, is it OK to destroy embryos that are five weeks old? Five months? Eight months? Science can’t answer that question.
You don’t have to be part of the pro-life group to have concerns about this kind of scientific research. James Thomson, the University of Wisconsin biologist has said, “If human embryonic stem cell research does not make you at least a little bit uncomfortable, you have not thought about it enough.” However, the president’s new order suggests we should not think too much.
Recently, supporters of embryonic stem cell research called on president to allow experiments using “surplus (多余的)” fifty frozen embryos in fertility clinics, arguing that they would be disposed of anyway. But Obama didn’t limit his new policy to these fertilized eggs.
On the contrary, he left open the possibility of funding studies using embryos created specifically so their cells can be harvested. He did, however, reject another option. “We will ensure,” he said, “that our government never open the door to the use of cloning for human reproduction. It is dangerous, profoundly wrong and has no place in our society, or any society.”
But this position is hard to square with his claimed approach. On one hand, the president says his policy is “about letting scientists do their jobs, free from pressure”. On the other, he will use pressure to keep them from doing reproductive cloning.
What this policy means is simple: It may be permissible for scientists to create cloned embryos and kill them. It’s not permissible to create cloned embryos and let them live. Their cells may be used for our benefit, but not for their own.
It’s the policy that is risky not just to days-old human embryos. The rest of us are sure to receive important medical benefits from this research one day. But we may lose something even more important in a moral sense.
1. It’s implied in the fourth paragraph that pro-life group ________.
| A．support the research on embryonic stem cells |
| B．don’t agree with any kind of scientific research |
| C．agree with James Thomson’s opinion |
| D．rarely think of the consequences of embryonic stem cell research |
| A．find a square tool for | B．be in line with |
| C．quarrel with | D．pay off |
| A．The author thinks there’s a big difference between a 5-day embryo and a 8-month embryo. |
| B．In Obama’s policy, embryonic researchers can only use surplus embryos in fertility clinics. |
| C．President Obama hasn’t expressed his attitude toward human reproductive cloning. |
| D．The research on embryonic stem cells may bring people medical benefits in the future. |
| A．the research is against the law |
| B．we may suffer morally for the research |
| C．scientists are not really working without pressure |
| D．ban on human cloning is in the long run harmful to human development |
阅读下面两篇短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
This morning, as I was getting close to the supermarket, I saw a small
Two
I was certified in first aid years back, and I got re-certified a month ago, but I never
If you’re not certified in first aid, I can’t
| A．people | B．crowd | C．traffic | D．public |
| A．help out | B．look out | C．watch out | D．make out |
| A．paid | B．scolded | C．applied | D．sent |
| A．accompany | B．walk | C．stay | D．shop |
| A．talked | B．cared | C．looked | D．quarreled |
| A．hotel | B．office | C．station | D．supermarket |
| A．simply | B．maybe | C．mostly | D．extremely |
| A．policemen | B．doctors | C．clerks | D．volunteers |
| A．refused | B．woke | C．lay | D．stopped |
| A．driver | B．family | C．ambulance | D．officer |
| A．operated on | B．took over | C．ran away | D．turned up |
| A．used | B．noticed | C．liked | D．met |
| A．hopefully | B．possibly | C．necessarily | D．commonly |
| A．want | B．try | C．permit | D．teach |
| A．place | B．position | C．life | D．situation |
| A．harm | B．wish | C．lesson | D．confidence |
| A．scary | B．moving | C．confusing | D．friendly |
| A．support | B．demand | C．recommend | D．explain |
| A．local | B．national | C．formal | D．private |
| A．recognize | B．learn | C．allow | D．offer |
In recent years, however, people around the world have begun to recognize and accept both modern medical science and more traditional therapies. This new kind of medicine can be called integrative medicine (because it integrates, or combines, different types of medicine), or complementary medicine. Some of the principles of this type of medicine include preventing illness by helping people stay healthy, integrating different types of therapies according to the needs of each patient, and considering the health of the whole person rather than concentrating on a particular illness or injury.
One health maintenance organization (HMO) in Madison, Wisconsin, has opened its Complementary Medicine and Wellness Center. At the center, HMO members are offered a variety of services. If you are suffering a sore back, try some massage treatments to relax your muscles and encourage the flow of healing energy in your body. If you have allergies or asthma, you could try homeopathy, which uses tiny amounts of allergens to stimulate your body’s natural immune response. And if you’re not ill, but just want to improve your strength and focus your mind, try a tai chi or yoga class.
Patients who use these complementary medicine services appreciate having an alternative to surgery or to drugs and their side effects. They also enjoy activities and therapies that make them feel better even if they’re not sick. And from the financial point of view of the HMO, preventing illness whenever possible is much less expensive than a hospital stay.
According to Dr. Andrew Weil, founder of the Program in Integrative Medicine at the University of Arizona, integrative medicine combines the best parts of Western medicine with complementary therapies such as acupuncture and nutrition. And because both doctor and patient are working to prevent illness, they become partners with the same goal instead of strangers who see each other only when the patient is sick.
1. The article is about____________.
| A．Western medicine |
| B．acupuncture and herbal medicine |
| C．advances in medical technology |
| D．integrative medicine |
| A．to inform readers about a principle of integrative medicine |
| B．to explain why most people don’t believe in integrative medicine |
| C．to give readers advice about staying healthy |
| D．to recommend modern medicine rather than traditional therapies |
| A．taking penicillin for a headache |
| B．performing surgery to treat heart disease |
| C．acupuncture |
| D．using herbal treatments after surgery |
| A．It costs less than medical care in hospitals. |
| B．Patients can choose between complementary medicine and drugs or surgery. |
| C．It helps patients feel healthier even when they are not sick. |
| D．It focuses mainly on a particular illness or injury. |
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Xiaohua,
It is four days since mother recieves the operation. She is feeling much more better. The doctors told me the operation was successful, but because her old age she had to stay in hospital for other two weeks. The doctors also say it was quite necessary for him to do so. We expect to get a full report in two and three days. Please tell the good news to the rest of the family as soon as possible. You needn’t come here. I’m able to look at mother by myself. You can send some flower to her. She will feel very happily.
Yours,
Xiaohua
Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all
However, the new research has caused a lot of argument. Supporters say bad memories may ruin people’s lives. They come back
But soon after the tape recorder had been put in, Eddie’s nurse heard a woman, who was sitting in the crowded waiting-room one morning, complained, “Here we’re all waiting to see the doctor, and he’s just playing the violin in his office instead of doing his work.”
1. Eddie became a student of medicine at university__________.
| A．because he had lost interest in music |
| B．because he thought medicine was more important than music |
| C．to find out new use of music in hospital |
| D．for reasons unknown from this passage |
| A．He wanted to help patients waiting to see him pass the time easily. |
| B．He discovered that music was of help to his patients |
| C．He enjoyed listening to music while he worked |
| D．He wanted to attract more patients to his office |
| A．the woman thought Eddie was an unusual doctor |
| B．the woman didn’t understand music |
| C．the woman did not understand what Eddie meant |
| D．the woman hated to be kept waiting |
8 . Shree Bose is one of the most impressive kids graduating from Fort Worth Country Day High School this year. Bose has a large circle of friends, and there’s one who you may have heard of: President Obama. He has twice publicly recognized her achievements in cancer research and spoken with her in the Oval Office.
If that isn’t enough, Bose recently gave a TED Talk about her work with the cancer drug Cisplatin, which also won her first prize at the Google Science Fair and recognition as one of Glamour magazine’s Young Amazing Women of the Year.
After watching her grandfather struggle with liver cancer, Bose was determined to help out in any way she could. As a high school student though, her scientific choices were limited. She reached out to various hospitals and research centers, but doctors turned down her requests because they felt she was too inexperienced medically.
Only the North Texas Science Health Center respected her determination and chose to guide her. The results were amazing.
Bose chose to study a protein (蛋白质) and its reaction with the cancer drug Cisplatin. She noticed that when she prevented this protein from growing, Cisplatin was allowed to begin destroying cancer cells once again.
“My project not only contributes to the understanding of the relationship between the protein and Cisplatin, but also suggests a newer, more effective treatment for patients who resist Cisplatin,” Bose said.
Bose’s achievements aren’t limited to the lab, though. She was also captain of her swim team and editor-in-chief of her school paper.
Bose is currently getting practical experience at the National Institute of Health and she’ll be attending Harvard in the fall. She plans to study molecular biology and go to medical school. Eventually, she would like to be a doctor.
1. President Obama has spoken with Bose because she ________.| A．gave a TED Talk recently |
| B．is captain of her swim team |
| C．has a large circle of friends |
| D．contributed to the cancer research |
| A．stopping the protein from growing |
| B．destroying cancer cells timely |
| C．using the drug more frequently |
| D．making the protein react with the drug |
| A．Bose’s research was supported from the start |
| B．Bose plans to become a doctor in the future |
| C．Bose will study in the National Institute of Health |
| D．Bose’s grandfather asked her to do cancer research |
| A．a research on cancer drugs |
| B．a new effective cancer treatment |
| C．a doctor who has a promising future |
| D．a girl who did research on cancer treatment |
With existing medical knowledge and skills, two-thirds of the world’s 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world’s only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft, there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation (合作) among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs is China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care service to Shanxi Province. ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.
For just US$38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your money can open their eyes to the world. Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.
1. The first paragraph is intended to ______．| A．introduce a new way of reading |
| B．advise the public to lead a simple life |
| C．direct the public’s attention to the blind |
| D．encourage the public to use imagination |
| A．They are adequate. |
| B．They have not been updated． |
| C．They are not equally distributed. |
| D．They have benefited most of the blind. |
| A．teaching medical students |
| B．training doctors and nurses |
| C．running flying hospitals globally |
| D．setting up non-profit organization |
| A．Appeal for donations. | B．Make an advertisement. |
| C．Promote training programs. | D．Show sympathy for the blind. |
| A．ORBIS in China | B．Fighting Blindness |
| C．ORBIS Flying Hospital | D．Sight-saving Techniques |
10 . Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities (operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran’s hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders (教会) or other non-profit groups.
Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government’s Public Health Service.
Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100,000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20,000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10,000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency (实习阶段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other’s patients in emergencies.
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.
1. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by .| A．a church | B．a city |
| C．a corporation | D．a state |
| A．About twelve years. | B．Eight years. |
| C．Ten years. | D．About seven years. |
| A．there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of them |
| B．they can take turns to work long hours |
| C．no one wants to assume too much responsibility |
| D．facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulder |
| A．It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous. |
| B．For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay. |
| C．Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions. |
| D．Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded. |
