1. How long has the speaker been getting headaches?
| A．For the past ten years. | B．For about ten days. | C．Only since yesterday. |
| A．He took some medicine. | B．He asked his neighbor to come over. | C．He did nothing about it. |
| A．He sent for a doctor |
| B．He gave the speaker some painkillers. |
| C．He gave the speaker a special kind of treatment. |
| A．The pain almost killed him. | B．His headache was already cured. | C．The pain had gone by itself. |
| A．She is going to miss her first class. |
| B．She prefers going to the dentist later in the day. |
| C．The man will be back before his first class. |
| D．The man might sleep late and miss his appointment. |
3 . Can a diabetic (糖尿病患者) find affordable life insurance? Yes, if you follow these 3 steps. Here is what you need to know to save money on life insurance for diabetics：
How can you control your diabetes? You probably know the following, which can help you：
★Eat the right food.
★Exercise regularly.
★Keep your weight in a healthy range.
★See your doctor for check－ups.
★Ask your doctor questions about how to better control your blood sugar and follow that advice.
★
★Keep records of your blood sugar tests, exercise and food intake.
★Consult with your doctor about what changes might help you keep better control of your diabetes.
Prepare for your exam
The bottom line
| A．Cure your illness. |
| B．Control your diabetes. |
| C．Your rating determines the price you pay. |
| D．Life insurance for diabetics can be affordable. |
| E．Check your blood sugar regularly and adjust your eating. |
| F．When you apply for life insurance, you will take a blood test. |
| G．If you know the insurance company, you will care for your health. |
| A．Doctor and patient. | B．Teacher and student. |
| C．Magician and audience. | D．Driver and passenger. |
1. When does the conversation take place?
| A．In the morning. | B．In the afternoon. | C．In the evening. |
| A．2658A. | B．88564802. | C．5559008. |
| A．His back hurts. | B．He has a fever. | C．He has a stomachache. |
6 . 17-year-old Dasia Taylor was named one of 40 finalists in the Regeneron Science Talent Search (STS), the nation’s most famous Science and math competition for high school seniors.
Dasia’s sutures (缝合线) work by changing color if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infection. pH is one of the most common parts of wound healing, Dasia said. It changes very quickly, so it’s one of the fastest ways to recognize infection.
So, she started experimenting with root vegetables. “I found that beet changed color at the perfect pH point,” says Taylor. “That’s perfect for an infected wound. And so, I was like, ‘Oh, okay. So beet is where it’s at’.” Beet provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes infected. After more than a year of research, Taylor is working on getting her sutures patented.
She imagines these sutures being used in developing countries where they can save lives and money. “The goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections,” she said. “I was like there is no way that that should be happening. The equity part of my brain and all the work that I do around equity was like ‘That shouldn’t be happening. They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So, my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.” After graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally become a lawyer.
1. How can a patient quickly know if a wound is infected?| A．By observing the pH test paper. |
| B．Through the doctors’ examination. |
| C．By looking at sutures’ color changing. |
| D．By observing how the wound changes. |
| A．Beet has the same pH level. | B．Beet can change color at different times. |
| C．Beet therapy is good for wound healing. | D．Beet can be used to help her with the invention. |
| A．She has won the invention patent. |
| B．She became the winner of the Regeneron STS. |
| C．She made contributions to surgical infection recognition. |
| D．She helped save lots of lives and money in developing countries. |
| A．Medical and health work. | B．Medical device development. |
| C．Something about the legal aid. | D．Medical and science research. |
7 . Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year’s is a whopper. Until last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, bailed all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U.S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual appeal. Instead of pleading with us all to get vaccinated, they’re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. “This re-emphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply,” says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, “and the lack of redundancy in our system.”
Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacture has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is changeable and, because each year’s flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result the United States now has only two major suppliers (Chiron and Aventis Pasteur) and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn’t much the other can do about it. “A vaccine maker can’t just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs,” says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. “There’s a whole industry that’s scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time.”
Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year’s complete failure will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures—a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals’ Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.
For America, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That’s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign — encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.
1. Shortage of flu vaccine show that ________.| A．America relies too much on foreign suppliers |
| B．the demand of flu vaccines is high this year |
| C．quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production |
| D．the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up |
| A．complicated process, high cost, low profit and high risk |
| B．shortages of fertilized chicken eggs |
| C．difficulty in growing live virus |
| D．fast changing of flu virus |
| A．the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictions |
| B．more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots cannot get hem this year |
| C．America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this year |
| D．normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year |
| A．All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year. |
| B．The big problem in innovating flu vaccine producing technique is how to grow virus in a new way. |
| C．More flu vaccines cannot be produced in a short time because private companies refuse to produce more. |
| D．Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures. |
| A．A hotel. | B．An airport. | C．A hospital. |
9 . Heart disease is one of the major killers in the world today. Many who suffer from it must have heart transplants(移植). However, it's difficult to get a suitable heart donation, and even if a patient survives the wait, his or her body often rejects the heart.
But there is now new hope for sufferers of heart disease. According to a study published in the journal Advanced Science, researchers from Israel's Tel Aviv University printed a 3D human heart on April 15, 2019.
“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart,” Professor Tal Dvir told CNN.
Unlike the previous 3D-printed heart structure, the new heart is complete with cells, blood vessels(血管), chambers(心室) and other structures a heart needs to function normally. But scientists still have more to figure out before the 3D-printed heart can be fitted into the body. For one thing, the experimental heart is only the size of a thumb. And, although it can contract(收缩) like a muscle, it cannot pump out blood like a real one. At present, the heart prototype(样品) is like a tiny airplane that has all of the right parts, but can't fly.
However, the development is still regarded as a major breakthrough in medicine.
In the experiment, the researchers turned human fat tissue(脂肪组织) into human heart tissue with stem cell(干细胞) technology. The tissue was then turned into “bio-ink” for a 3D printer to ensure that tissue in the heart came from the patients themselves. So ideally, if it were to be placed in the body of someone in need of a transplant, there would be less risk of organ rejection.
“Patients will no longer have to wait for transplants or take medications to prevent their rejection,” researchers told USA Today. “Instead, the needed heart will be printed, fully personalized(个性化的) for every patient.”
“Maybe, in 10 years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world and these procedures will be conducted routinely,” Dvir said.
1. Why is the 3D-printed heart important?| A．It will be used on a patient. | B．It is the first 3D-printed heart. |
| C．It will replace a heart donation. | D．It has a complete heart structure. |
| A．They cost too much. | B．They are too small. |
| C．They can't contract. | D．They are hard to produce. |
| A．It would be made with stem cell technology. |
| B．It would be made from human fat tissue. |
| C．It would come from a patient's body. |
| D．It would be printed according to the patient's condition. |
10 . Important Facts about SHINGRIX
What is SHINGRIX?
●SHINGRIX is an FDA-approved vaccine（疫苗）for the prevention of shingles（带状疱疹）in adults 50 years and older.
●SHINGRIX is not used to prevent chickenpox.
What is shingles and what causes it?
●Shingles is a painful skin rash caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. 99% of people over the age of 50 carry this virus. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays inactive in the body. As you age, your immune system starts to naturally decline, increasing your risk of the virus reactivating and causing shingles. 1 out of 3 people will get shingles in their lifetime.
How does SHINGRIX work?
●SHINGRIX is a shingles vaccine that works to boost your body's protection against shingles.
How is SHINGRIX given?
●SHINGRIX is a 2-dose vaccine series. The second dose should be given between 2 and 6 months after the first dose. It is important to complete the 2-dose series.
Who should not get SHINGRIX?
●You should not receive SHINGRIX if you are allergic to any of its ingredients or had an allergic reaction to a previous dose of SHINGRIX.
What are the potential side effects?
●The most common side effects are pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, muscle pain, tiredness, headache, shivering, fever and upset stomach.
Additional important information
●SHINGRIX was not studied in pregnant or nursing women. Tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or are breastfeeding.
●Ask your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of SHINGRIX. Only a healthcare provider can decide if SHINGRIX is right for you.
Need more information?
●To learn more about SHINGRIX, talk to your healthcare provider.
●Visit SHINGRIX. com or call 1-800-772-9292 for more information.
1. Who is SHINGRIX mainly intended for?| A．Young people. | B．Senior citizens. |
| C．Pregnant women. | D．Nursing mothers. |
| A．SHINGRIX can cure us of shingles and chickenpox. |
| B．It is not necessary to have a second dose of SHINGRIX. |
| C．We can't decide on our own whether to have SHINGRIX or not. |
| D．People who have recovered from a chickenpox donJt need a SHINGRIX. |
| A．One. | B．Two. |
| C．Three. | D．Four. |
